(1) 2011 6 20 (nminato@med.gunma-u.ac.jp) 1 aged population senior citizen elderly people 65 65 65 65 65-74 75 1. 2. 3. 13 2001 12 28 *1 65 2 2.1 (1) (2) (3) (4) *1 http://www8.cao.go.jp/kourei/measure/taikou/index-t.html 1
2.2 Gompertz-Makeham Gompertz Makeham Gompertz Gavrilov and Gavrilova Gavrilov and Gavrilova (1991) Mori and Nakazawa (2003) S 2.3 40 80 DNA mev-1 II 2000 DNA 2002 Sir2 Sirtuin (GH) Fontana et al., 2010 Colman 7 14 30% 20 Colman et al., 2009 Colman 37 252 DNA 5178 A 45% 62% 5178A 2000 10398 G 79% 67% 10398 A Kazuno et al., 2006 2
200 300 Gavrilov and Gavrilova (2010) 60 134 188 1 1 Honolulu Heart Program 2.4, 1998 Charnov, 1992;, 1992 SOD Mn Cu Zn 2 K K Charnov (1992) K 50 60 100 2.5 (Hawkes et al., 1998; Alvarez, 2000) Charnov(1992) 3
αm (1) α (2) (3) αm (b) αb 17.9 14.3 6.0 8.3 0.46 0.28 0.063 0.52 13.9 9.3 3.0 6.3 0.45 0.21 0.126 0.79 17.9 13.0 4.8 8.2 0.46 0.27 0.087 0.70 32.9 17.3 2.8 14.5 0.44 0.21 0.142 2.05 (1) 1/M = 0.4 ω 0.1 M ω (Charnov, 1992) (2) (3) 2.6 Westendorp (1998) 17 19 60 70 80 DNA 3 NPO (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) ; 2004 Seeman Crimmins 4
3.1 4 5
4.1 21% 20% 25% 65 7% 14% 65 14% 21% 65 21% 1970 1994 24 2006 10 1 20.8% 2007 10 1 21.5% 2008 10 1 22.1% 4.2 DID 2007 65 40.1% 50% 28% 70.9% 59.7% 30% 35% 32% 70% 1991 50% 65 65 65 2005 65 *2 21 10 1 5 *3 2009 10 1 19 19 10 1 18 18 10 20 65 17 17 10 1 1 20 5 10 1996 20 9 *2 http://aoki2.si.gunma-u.ac.jp/r/color-map.html R *3 http://www.stat.go.jp/data/jinsui/2009np/index.htm 6
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4.3 1975 61.1 2007 432.6 3287.7 4802.3 5 5.1 2004 15 24 171.4 236.1 65 74 427.0 493.1 75 84 514.0 552.9 85 538.4 525.3 65 1 2 3 5.2 8020 80 20 8020 80 20 1989 8020 80 20 20 http://www.e-healthnet.mhlw.go.jp/information/teeth/h-01-003.html 12 12 1 8020 [http://www.8020zaidan.or.jp/] 8020 80 84 2005 8.9 2.7 8020 21.1 5.3 (Activities of Daily Living; ADL ) 2006 440 2004 25.7 16.3 8
10.8 10.7 10.6 2002 149 85 4 1 2020 289 ADL 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 1 5 6 9 10 13 5 65 11 80 8.7 4.2 7.6 4.2 5.4 (Healthy Life Expectancy) (Healthy Life Expectancy at Birth) Rogers Sullivan ADL DALE DALYs 21 *4 5.5 WHOQOL-BREF *4 DALYs (Disability adjusted life years) WHO DALYs (YLL) (YLD) DALY (PYLL) 1 DALY 1 9
5.6 10 2005 1145 5551 65 3679 11948 6 4 65 65 5.7 cf. Alvarez HP (2000) Grandmother hypothesis and primate life histories. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 113: 435-450. [ ] (2001). 12. Charnov EL (1992) Life History Invariants. Oxford University Press. Colman RJ, Anderson RM, Johnson SC, et al. (2000) Caloric restriction delays disease onset and mortality in Rhesus Monkeys. Science, 325: 210-204. Fontana L, Partridge L, Longo VD (2010) Extending healthy life span from yeast to humans. Science, 328: 321-326. Gavrilov LA, Gavrilova NS (1991) The Biology of Life Span: A Quantitative Approach. Harwood Academic Publisher, New York. Gavrilov LA, Gavrilova NS (2010) Demographic consequences of defeating aging. Rejuvenation Research, 13(2-3): 329-334. Hawkes KJF, O Connell NG, Blurton-Jones HA, Charnov EL (1998) Grandmothering, menopause, and the evolution of human life histories. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, USA, 95: 1336-1339. Kazuno A-a, Munakata K, Nagai T, Shimozono S, Tanaka M, et al. (2006) Identification of Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphisms That Alter Mitochondrial Matrix ph and Intracellular Calcium Dynamics. PLoS Genet 2(8): e128. [doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0020128]. Kinnula VL, Crapo JD (2003) Superoxide dismutases in the lung and human lung diseases. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 167: 1600-1619. (2007).. (2000).. Mori Y, Nakazawa M (2003) A new simple etiological model of human death. The Journal of Population Studies (Jinko-Gaku-Kenkyu), 33: 27-39. (1992).. http://www8.cao.go.jp/kourei/whitepaper/index-w.html Seeman TE, Crimmins E (2005) Socilal Environment Ellects on Health and Aging: Integrating Epidemiologic and Demographic Approaches and Perspectives. In: Weinstein M, Hermalin AI, Stoto MA [Eds.] Population Health and Aging: Strengthening the Dialogue between Epidemiology and Demography, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. USA, 954, pp.88-117. (2000).. (2002). (2002).. (1998). (2000). one 21. Westendorp RGJ, Kirkwood TBL (1998) Human longevity at the cost of reproductive success. Nature, 396: 743-746. 10