49 2012 6 23 24 2 2012 2012 12 22 378
50 2009 2009 10 2012 9 11 2012 12 377 248 2013
51 2000 1 2007 2 3 1 8 3 2001 2 2006 II 21 2007 3 1 216 2007 2 223 2008 3 232 2009 4 376
52 4 2009 5 6 237 2010 383 2010 1 1 242 2011 73 2010 4 MINERVA 2 2009 2008 Papers toward the Constructivist Political Theory 2009 5 2009 10 6 2 Stephen Macedo & Others, Democracy at Risk: How Political 375 248 2013
53 1 7 2 A. Lijphart 1996 Presidential Address 8 compulsory voting 2000 2 3 Choices Undermine Citizen Participation, and What We Can Do About It, Brookings, 2005. 7 1 8 Arend Lijphart, Unequal Participation: Democracy s Unresolved Dilemma, Presidential Address, American Political Science Association, 1996, in American Political Science Review, Vol. 91, No. 1, 1997, pp. 1 14. 374
54 E. Ostrom 9 9 Elinor Ostrom, A Behavioral Approach to the Rational Choice Theory of Collective Action, Presidential Address, American Political Science Association, 1997, in American Political Science Review, Vol. 92, No. 1, 1998, pp. 1 22. 373 248 2013
55 1 67.2 69.3 3 59 62 20 40 1990 39 20 50 20 24 31 35 5 1 42 13 2 43 17 1 44 18 3 45 22 3 372
56 X 20 24 32 1969 20 10.95 1979 35 31 35 20 36 1980 16 10 39 1990 20 10 15 10 30 1990 41 45 36 1980 20 45 2009 20 10 20 51 55 20 20 90 69.28 45 2009 1969 32 371 248 2013
論 説 57 370
58 2 45 32 60 32 60 45 369 248 2013
59 1 1 unequal turnout systematic class bias 2 participatory revolution 1 8 368
60 Compulsory Voting CV CV 3 1 CV 2 CV CV CV 1 CV 2 3 3 CV CV CV 367 248 2013
61 CV 2000 CV CV J. Lacroix 2 CV 4 CV CV CV CV non-utilitarian CV CV 2 Justine Lacroix, A Liberal Defence of Compulsory Voting, in Politics, Vol. 27, No. 3, 2007, pp. 190 195. 366
62 civic obligation moral duty to vote legal compulsion CV A. Lever 3 CV informed and conscientious voting 3 Annabelle Lever, A Liberal Defence of Compulsory Voting : Some Reasons for Scepticism, in Politics, Vol. 28, No. 1, 2008, pp. 61 64. CV Is Compulsory Voting Justified? in Public Reason, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2009, pp. 57 74. Liberalism, Democracy and the Ethics of Voting, in Politics, Vol. 29, No. 3, 2009, pp. 223 227. Compulsory Voting: A Critical Perspective, in British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 40, 2010, pp. 897 915. CV L. Hill Lisa Hill, On the Justifiability of Compulsory Voting: Reply to Lever, in British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 40, 2010, pp. 917 923. A. Lever, Democracy and Voting: A Response to Lisa Hill, in British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 40, 2010, pp. 925 929. Ben Saunders, Making Voting Pay, in Politics, Vol. 29, No. 2, 2009, pp. 130 136. 365 248 2013
63 364
64 CV 1 JES 2 / 1 T. Parsons 2 2 1997 363 248 2013
65 / 3 sense of political efficacy A. Campbell 4 feeling internal efficacy external 3 187 4 Angus Campbell, Gerald Gurin, and Warren E. Miller, The Voter Decides, Row Peterson, 1954, p. 187. 362
66 efficacy 5 effectively belief responsiveness belief 6 NES National Election Studies S. C. Craig J. Kahne 7 JESII 2 8 5 Philip E. Converse, Change in the American Electorate, in Angus Campbell and Philip E. Converse (eds.), The Human Meaning of Social Change, Russell Sage Foundation, 1972. 6 Stephen C. Craig, Richard G. Niemi, and Glen E. Silver, Political Efficacy and Trust: A Report on the NES Pilot Study Items, in Political Behavior, Vol. 12, No. 3, 1990, p. 290. George I. Balch, Multiple Indicators in Survey Research: The Concept Sense of Political Efficacy, in Political Methodology, Vol. 1, No. 2, 1974, pp. 1 43. 7 Joseph Kahne and Joel Westheimer, The Limits of Political Efficacy: Educationg Citizens for a Democratic Society, in PS: Political Science & Politics, Vol. 39, No. 2, 2006, p. 292. 8 198 361 248 2013
67 9 53 JESIII 10 225 9 50 2008 53 54 55 10 2007 360
68 1 incumbent-based efficacy IBE regimebased efficacy RBE 2 regime RBE IBE 11 11 55 359 248 2013
69 1 C. Hay 12 1 2 1 12 Colin Hay, Why We Hate Politics, Polity Press, 2007. 75 358
70 4 357 248 2013
71 13 13 2011 12 356
72 1 2 R. D, Putnam social capital 1 21 1 Robert D. Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community, Simon and Schuster, 2000. 2006 355 248 2013
73 2 1 2 3 2 9 3 2 1 242 2011 354
74 353 248 2013
75 352
76 effectively belief responsiveness belief 1 3 1 William H. Riker and Peter C. Ordeshook, A Theory of the Calculus of Voting, in American Political Science Review, Vol. 62, No. 1. (March, 1968) 133 7 1997 R PB C D PB D 136 351 248 2013
77 350
78 2 2 2012 12 2 2000 3 349 248 2013