14 2 6 ( )
:, : CO2 1 85 ExternE 2 4 3
1 1 2 3 2.1... 3 2.1.1... 3 2.1.2... 3 2.2... 5 3 6 3.1... 6 3.2... 6 3.2.1... 6 3.2.2... 7 3.2.3... 9 3.2.4... 21 3.3... 25 3.4... 25 4 27 4.1... 27 4.2... 27 4.2.1... 27 4.2.2... 31 4.3... 33 4.3.1... 33 4.3.2... 37 4.3.3... 40 i
4.3.4... 41 4.3.5.. 43 4.3.6... 45 4.4... 46 4.4.1... 46 4.4.2... 47 4.4.3... 48 4.4.4... 57 4.5... 62 5 64 5.1... 64 5.2... 64 5.2.1 ExternE... 65 5.2.2... 68 5.3... 72 5.3.1... 72 5.3.2... 72 5.3.3... 74 5.3.4... 85 5.4... 90 6 92 95 96 ii
3.1... 7 3.2... 12 3.3... 13 3.4... 14 3.5... 15 3.6... 16 3.7 IT... 17 3.8... 18 3.9... 19 3.10... 20 4.1... 33 4.2... 36 4.3... 39 4.4... 42 4.5... 52 4.6. 53 4.7 54 4.8 55 4.9 56 4.10 56 4.11... 58 5.1... 67 5.2... 70 5.3... 77 5.4... 78 5.5... 78 iii
5.6... 80 5.7... 82 5.8... 83 5.9... 84 6.1... 94 iv
3.1... 8 3.2... 9 3.3... 9 3.4... 10 3.5... 10 3.6... 10 3.7... 25 4.1... 28 4.2... 43 4.3... 46 4.4... 48 4.5 49 4.6 49 4.7... 49 4.8... 50 4.9... 50 4.10. 57 5.1... 66 5.2... 69 5.3... 71 5.4... 73 5.5... 73 5.6... 74 v
5.7... 74 5.8... 74 5.9... 74 5.10... 75 5.11... 75 5.12... 75 5.13... 80 5.14... 81 vi
1 1973 1970 30 CO2 1997 12 3 COP3 2010 1990 6 [1] 1 2010 13 15 JCO 1970 30 1979 TMI 1
[2] 2 3 4 5 ExternE 6 2
2 2.1 2.1.1 1973 30 CO2 1997 3 COP3 2010 1990 6 [1] 1 2010 13 2.1.2 2000 52 [2] 1/3 1 10 2010 42 [3] 3
[4] Public Acceptance PA 12 5 3 [5] 1990 4
1995 1999 JCO JCO [6] 2.2 5
3 3.1 OJT On the Job Training 3.2 3.2.1 6
1999 54,400 1,700 1988 1995 100 [5] 3.1 3.1: 3.2.2 7
2 E E 918 442 2000 12 13 2001 1 31 1 9 3.1 3.1: IT 388 28.5 8
2000 10 5 11 5 1 1 3.2.3 3.2.3.1 3.2 3.6 3.3: 3.2: 10 [ ] 3 [ ] 0.8 [ ] [ ] 20 17 4.4 384 99.0 30 92 23.7 4 1.0 40 184 47.4 388 100.0 50 80 20.6 60 12 3.1 388 100.0 3.2 99.0 1.0 3.3 30 40 50 91.7 30 40 50 3.4 47.2 31.2 12.6 47.2 37.6 2.6 3.5 19.1 16.0 24.2 9
3.4: [ ] [ ] 1 0.3 2 0.5 42 10.8 183 47.2 121 31.2 13 3.4 12 3.1 0 0.0 4 1.0 1 0.3 9 2.3 388 100.1 3.5: [ ] [ ] 4 1.0 9 2.3 74 19.1 15 3.9 62 16.0 94 24.2 23 5.9 32 8.2 29 7.5 0 0.0 19 4.9 27 7.0 3.6: [ ] [ ] 5 41 10.6 6 10 49 12.6 11 20 132 34.0 21 30 128 33.0 31 38 9.8 388 100.0 388 100.0 10
3.6 11 20 34.0 21 30 33.0 3.2.3.2 9 4 9 (1) 3.2 81.7 80 13.7 (2) 3.3 43.6 38.4 15.5 73.5 45.9 50.3 10 20 (3) 3.4 OJT 85.3 10.1 OJT 80 90 11
1 2 3 4 5 0 20 40 60 80 100 3.2: 12
1 2 3 4 5 0 20 40 60 80 100 3.3: (4) 3.5 41.5 21.6 14.4 17.5 (5) 3.6 21.1 19.3 13
1 2 3 4 5 0 20 40 60 80 100 OJT On the Job Training 3.4: 17.7 16.9 17.5 (6) IT IT 3.7 IT 65.7 IT 14
1 2 3 4 5 6 0 20 40 60 80 100 3.5: 15
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 0 20 40 60 80 100 3.6: 16
IT 1 2 3 4 5 0 20 40 60 80 100 IT IT IT IT 3.7: IT 17
(7) 3.8 59.5 14.9 13.1 59.2 70.5 47.3 26.5 20.5 1 3 4 5 7 2 6 0 20 40 60 80 100 FBR 3.8: 18
(8) 3.9 27.6 22.2 20.4 19.1 36.7 32.9 28.4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 20 40 60 80 100 3.9: 19
(9) 3.10 54.1 43.0 55.1 51.9 55.5 42.9 45.4 41.4 1 3 2 4 0 20 40 60 80 100 3.10: 20
(10) 388 197 A 3.2.4 3.2.4.1 (1) 80 100 13.7 (2) 40 20 70 21
(3) OJT 90 20 (4) 10 (5) 20 20 20 10 10 (6) IT IT 7 IT 30 IT 22
(7) 60 70 30 20 (8) 30 20 10 30 40 (9) 40 3.2.4.2 (1) 23
(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) 24
3.3 3.7 3.7: - 3.4 25
26
4 4.1 2001 3 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.2 4.2.1 4.1 [7] 1880 1951 9 1990 1995 Independent Power Producer IPP 2000 3 27
4.1: 1880 1911 1931 1938 1951 9 1995 2000 3 21 2000kW 2 V [8] generation transmission system control distribution supply 28
1 1931 [7] 1 CO2 1 29
1995 12 [9] 2000 3 21 2,000kW 2 V 8,000 30 3 [10] [11] [12] 30 30
0.4 [9] 4.2.2 [8][13] 40 30 50 1 3 [8] (a) 31
(b) (c) [8] [14] [14] 1 10 32
4.3 20 4.1 32.1 19.1 21.1 16.4 8.9 2.4 18.8 52.7 14.7 3.9 7.7 28.1 34.5 32.5 1.6 29.3 54.2 9.8 2.2 1.5 1.8 46.5 1.2 3.1 2.4 76.5 7.4 12.2 1.0 2.3 0.6 47.0 2.0 0.3 2.1 2.2 4.1: 4.3.1 3,000 [16] 240 33
2,000 10 TVA 900 75 2 [15] 1) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission FERC FERC 2) 50 1) 1978 [8][15] 1978 Public Utilities Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 PURPA qualifying facilities QF QF 34
Independent Power Producers IPP 1992 National Energy Policy Act of 1992 EPAct IPP FERC [17] FERC 1996 1999 FERC 2000 RTO [18] 2) 2001 24 17 [18] B 2000 103 3 [19] 35
NRC 40 20 60 PECO 1 1999 88 90 4.2 18 [20] 4.2: [20] 3 36
4.3.2 3 Central Electricity Generating Board CEGB 12 1989 Electricity Act 1989 1990 4 1 [15] National Power NP Power Gen PG Nuclear Electric NE National Grid NGC 12 12 North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board NSHEB South of Scotland Electricity Board SSEB 1991 Scottish Power 37
Scottish Hydro-Electric [15] NIES 1992 NIES 4 NIES [17] [11] 1990 4 11 2001 3 27 New Electricity Trading Arrangement NETA NETA [12][21] 3 2000 33 1995 20 4,498MWe 1950 1960 2005 14 9,322MWe 1966 1980 1 B 1988 4.3 4.3 NE SN 38
1990 1995 AGR 2 0 AGR 2 BE PWR1 AGR5 PWR 1 BNFL 2 AGR 5 7 1995 3 2 3 BNFL 1 1990 BNFL 2 1990 eye, Vol. 46, No. 7, pp. 70-74 2000 6, 4.3: Non-Fossil Fuel Obligation Fossil Fuel Levy NE Nuclear Energy Agreement SN SP SHE NE 1995 5 The Prospects for Nuclear Power in the UK 3 39
SN NE 1 1995 9 BE BNFL BE 2 SN NE BE 1990 2001 NETA 4.3.3 Electricite de France EdF EdF 95 3 EdF 1958 SNCF SNCF EdF 96 40
EdF [17] EU 30 [22] 2 [23] 1970 2000 57 76.5 EdF 4.4 2000 11 TOPCO ANP FCI ST FCI 2001 9 3 CEA CEA-Industrie AREVA [22] 4.3.4 900 8 2000 6 RWE E.ON EnBW VEAG HEW BEWAG 80 90 41
CEA 5% 95% CEA-Industrie 14.5 11% 74.7% 25.3% ST- CEA 4.03% 78.9% 17.01% (AREVA) EdF 9.1% 8.4% 23% 34% 19.5% 6% 34% 66% 100% 11% 60% ST- FCI ANP 34% 66% 100% ANP FCI 4.4: 900 30 [24] 1998 4 4 [15] [24] 2 30 [24] 2000 19 42
1998 2000 6 15 4 2001 6 11 [22] 4.2 4.2: 32 2000 1 1 2 6233 kwh 2005 7 1 3 10 5 50 [25] 2002 4.3.5 [15] Vattenfall Sydkraft Stockholm Energi 3 8 43
Statens Vattenfallswerk 1992 1 1 Vattenfall Svenska Kraftnat 200 50 3 3 EU general competition rules 1993 1995 1996 1 1992 EU 1980 2010 1997 2 4 12 2 600MW Sydkraft Barseback 4 1998 7 2001 Barseback 1 1999 11 59 2001 7 2 [22] 44
4.3.6 [8] 29.3 46.5 EU 4.3 4.3 45
4.3: 3 Non-Fossil Fuel Obligation Fossil Fuel Levy 30 EdF 1980 2010 4 12 2 600MW Sydkraft Barseback 4 1998 7 2001 1 Nord Pool 4.4 4.4.1 2001 3 46
EU 9 4.4.2 4,000 13 11 30 12 10 13 12 15 13 1 5 47
13 12 11 13 12 11 4 4.4 4.4: 270 262 8 4.4.3 4.4.3.1 4.5 4.9 4.5 95.9 3.3 4.6 40 31.5 50 31.1 40 50 48
4.6: 4.5: [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] 259 95.9 9 3.3 NA 2 0.7 270 100.0 10 1 0.4 20 22 8.1 30 45 16.7 40 85 31.5 50 84 31.1 60 32 11.9 NA 1 0.4 270 100.0 4.7: [ ] [ ] 2 0.7 22 8.1 54 20.0 72 26.7 56 20.7 9 3.3 7 2.6 0 0.0 14 5.2 34 12.6 270 100.0 49
4.7 26.7 20.7 20.0 33.3 26.7 26.7 13.3 4.8: [ ] [ ] 6 2.2 4.9: 10 3.7 49 18.1 5 1.9 [ ] [ ] 83 30.7 5 43 15.9 43 15.9 6 10 21 7.8 6 2.2 11 20 73 27.0 8 3.0 21 30 88 32.6 3 1.1 31 44 16.3 0 0.0 NA 1 0.4 20 7.4 270 100.0 11 4.1 24 8.9 NA 2 0.7 270 100.0 4.8 30.7 18.1 15.9 4.9 11 20 27.0 21 30 32.6 4.4.3.2 7 50
4 7 (1) 4.5 1 26.7 25.0 12.4 5.2 0.6 20 28.9 23.3 29.9 23.6 29.9 18.1 16.0 1 5 1 (2) 2001 3 4.6 42.6 38.9 51
1 2 3 5 7 8 10 13 15 4 6 9 11 12 14 NA 0 20 40 60 80 100 4.5: 52
22.2 2001 3 1 2 3 4 0 20 40 60 80 100 4.6: (3) a b c d 4.7 4.10 (3-1) 4.7 59.3 53
NA 0 20 40 60 80 100 4.7: (3-2) 4.8 61.9 (3-3) 4.9 2 35.9 39.3 54
NA 0 20 40 60 80 100 4.8: 3 (3-4) 4.10 70.0 (3-5) 5 4 3 2 1 4.10 55
NA 0 20 40 60 80 100 4.9: NA 0 20 40 60 80 100 4.10: 56
4.10: 3.64 3.51 3.73 3.69 1.41 1.35 1.40 1.37 2.91 2.90 2.88 3.16 1.41 1.47 1.39 1.59 1.76 1.87 1.89 1.91 1.15 1.33 1.31 1.38 (4) 4.11 18.0 14.0 14.0 20.6 18.9 17.9 14.6 21.7 14.5 14.5 (5) 270 115 40 75 C 4.4.4 4.4.3 57
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 NA 0 20 40 60 80 100 4.11: 58
4.4.4.1 4.4.3 4 (1) 26.7 25.0 28.9 29.9 29.9 (2) 80 (3) [15][14] 59
3 61.9 35.9 39.3 (4) 18.0 14.0 14.0 60
21.7 14.5 14.5 4.4.4.2 4.4.4.1 3 80 3 61
4.5 1995 2001 3 1 PJM 62
[26] 63
5 5.1 Life Cycle Assessment LCA Contingent Valuation Method:CVM 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.2 O.Hohmeyer 64
[27] [28] [29] SOX NOX CO2 5.2.1 ExternE 1991 1997 ExternE [30] ExternE 3 1 1991 1992 8 4 2 1993 1995 1 65
3 1996 1997 15 50 5 ECU ExternE [30] 5.1: 23.50 19.80 17.30 3.30 2.08 0.78 4.70 0.85 0.26 0.01 0.10 0.10 0.26 0.01 0.79 0.28 0.44 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.65 0.41 0.34 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.03 0.00 0.07 0.10 28.70 20.90 23.60 12.90 0.37 0.25 0.49 nq nq nq nq nq nq nq 54.6 41.8 41.8 16.8 2.55 1.36 5.47 3 1 nq,,, Vol. 21, No. 6, pp. 10-15 2000 CO2 N2O CH4,N2O,SO2,NO,SPM,HCl,H2SO4,NO2,HNO3,NH4Cl, 3 1 1 0 66
[mecu/kwh] 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 5.1: 5.1 5.1 2.08mECU/kWh 23.50mECU/kWh 19.80mECU/kWh 3.30mECU/kWh 8.9 10.5 63.0 0.37mECU/kWh 28.70mECU/kWh 20.90mECU/kWh 12.90mECU/kWh 1.3 1.8 2.9 6 2.55mECU/kWh 54.6mECU/kWh 41.8mECU/kWh 16.8mECU/kWh 4.7 6.1 15.2 ExternE 67
5.2.2 5.2 1974 5.2 5.2 19.0 /kwh 25.5 /KWh 5.3 68
5.2: kwh 44.5 19.0 kwh 25.5 kwh 69
19.0 /kwh 25.5 /kwh 7 7 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 7 654 198 397 63 165 21 3 698 5.2: 70
5.3: No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 71
5.3 5.3.1 2 4 5.3.2 1 3 13 12 14 13 12 31 14 1 11 7 5.4 72
5.4: 255 538 5.5 1 3 5.5: 45 45 51 48 89 36 51 365 135 135 153 144 267 108 153 1,095 20 24 36 20 63 24 42 255 45 57 80 50 140 60 (106) 538 44.4 53.3 70.6 41.7 70.8 66.7 82.4 69.9 73
5.3.3 5.3.3.1 5.6 5.12 5.6: [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] 450 83.6 85 15.8 NA 3 0.6 538 100.0 5.7: 10 1 0.2 20 95 17.7 30 146 27.1 40 219 40.7 50 74 13.8 60 3 0.6 538 100.0 5.6 83.6 15.8 5.7 30 27.1 40 40.7 30 40 5.8: [ ] [ ] 45 8.4 57 10.6 80 14.9 50 9.3 140 26.0 60 11.2 106 19.7 538 100.0 5.9: [ ] [ ] 8 1.5 132 24.5 357 66.4 41 7.6 538 100.0 5.8 8.4 10.6 14.9 9.3 26.0 11.2 74
19.7 5.9 1.5 24.5 66.4 7.6 5.10: [ ] [ ] 128 23.8 133 24.7 275 51.1 NA 2 0.4 538 100.0 5.10 51.1 5.11 5.11 56.3 5.12: 5.11: [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] 18 13.5 15 11.7 11 8.3 72 56.3 6 4.5 6 4.7 3 2.3 3 2.3 2 1.5 NA 32 25.0 NA 93 69.9 128 100.0 133 100.0 5.12 5.12 13.5 8.3 4.5 2.3 1.5 69.9 75
5.3.3.2 7 2 7 (a) (b) (1) 5.3 36.8 30.5 71.6 66.8 66.4 15.0 14.5 11.5 (2) 5.4 34.8 27.1 21.0 76
NA 0 20 40 60 80 100 5.3: 76.7 61.6 56.2 14.6 12.1 6.6 (3) 5.5 40.3 19.1 16.9 (4) 5.6 77
NA 0 20 40 60 80 100 5.4: NA 0 20 40 60 80 100 5.5: 78
34.6 22.1 17.7 46.9 33.6 38.4 36.1 39.0 24.9 33.3 38.0 34.6 38.4 31.1 24.8 36.5 32.9 28.3 (5) 5 4 3 2 1 5.13 5.14 (6) 5.7 59.7 19.5 79
NA 0 20 40 60 80 100 5.6: 5.13: 4.25 3.91 3.77 1.03 1.21 1.09 4.27 3.85 3.67 0.95 1.21 1.09 3.25 3.08 2.81 1.11 1.27 1.12 80
5.14: 3.95 3.87 3.99 1.15 1.15 1.08 4.07 3.73 3.95 0.99 1.23 1.05 3.12 2.88 3.28 1.28 1.11 1.03 24.2 24.1 15.2 9.4 7.5 3.1 53.3 54.0 63.0 30.0 26.3 15.0 (7) 81
1 2 3 4 NA 0 20 40 60 80 100 5.7: 82
5.8 53.1 15.6 12.5 62.5 45.2 53.4 20.8 29.0 1 2 3 4 5 NA 0 20 40 60 80 100 5.8: (8) 5.9 28.7 20.3 19.4 16.2 83
18.8 21.7 21.3 27.8 32.1 26.9 25.0 25.0 21.7 22.4 1 2 3 4 5 NA 0 20 40 60 80 100 5.9: 84
(9) 255 38 D 5.3.4 5.3.3 5.3.4.1 5.3.3 7 (1) 70 1 (2) 85
60 (3) (4) 34.6 38.4 86
(5) 59.7 19.5 (6) 50 (7) 28.7 87
20.3 19.4 25 21.7 21.3 5.3.4.2 5.3.3 5.3.4.1 (1) (2) (3) (1) 70 1 88
(2) 11 km (3) 89
5.4 1 ExternE CO2 LCA 2 4 ExternE CO2 LCA PSA 90
91
6 2 3 85 4 92
5 ExternE ExternE LCA ExternE 2 4 3 3 6.1 1 2,3 93
6.1: 94
95
[1] 21, (1998). [2], ERC (2001). [3],, (2001). [4] 21, (1998). [5] (2001 2 15 ). [6], (2001). [7],, Vol. 21, No. 8, pp. 4-7 (2001). [8], (1998). [9] http://www.shimbun.denki.or.jp/select2/011106-1.html (2001 11 8 ). [10],, (2000). [11], (2000). [12], (2000). [13] (2001). [14], Vol. 43, No. 8 (2001). [15], (1999). [16], (2001). 96
[17] 15, (1996). [18] http://www.econ.kyotou.ac.jp/ ida/3kenkyuukatudou/1kyotonetecon/neteconsiryou/netecon010511.ppt (2002 1 27 ). [19],, (2001). [20], ENERGY, Vol. 34, No. 8 (2001). [21], eye, Vol. 46, No. 7, pp. 70-74 (2000). [22] (2001). [23],, 8, pp. 61-66 (2000). [24], Vol. 22, No. 6,pp. 15-17 (2001). [25] IEA OF JAPAN [26] (2002 1 17 ). [27] Olav Hohmeyer Social Costs of Electricity Generation (Wind and Photovoltaic Versus Fossil and Nuclear), Contemporary Policy Issues, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 255-282 (1990). [28],,,,,,, ( ), (Y94001), pp 51-61 (1994). [29],, pp. 25-29 (1994). [30] ExternE, Vol. 21, No. 6, pp. 10-15 (2001). 97
A A-1 A.1... A-1 A.2... A-5 B PJM Nord Pool B-1 B.1... B-1 B.2 PJM... B-2 B.3 Nord Pool... B-5 C C-1 C.1... C-1 C.2... C-5 D D-1 D.1... D-1 D.2... D-8 i
B.1 PJM... B-3 B.2 PJM... B-4 B.3... B-6 ii
B.1 Nord Pool... B-6 iii
A A.1 1. 2. 10 20 30 40 50 60 3. ( ) 4. 5. 5 6 10 11 20 21 30 31 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2 1 A-1
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3 1 1. OJT(On the Job Training) 2. 3. 4. 5. 4 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 5 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. A-2
9. 10. 6 IT 1 1. IT 2. IT 3. IT 4. IT 5. 7 1 1. 2. 3. FBR 4. 5. 6. 7. 8 1 1. 2. A-3
3. 4. ( ) 5. 6. 7. 9 1 1. 2. 3. 4. A-4
A.2 A-5
1 2 3 4 3 TUeV KTA 5 A-6
IT OJT OJT OJT ( ) A-7
IT A-8
OJT JCO A-9
20 ( ) OJT R D A-10
CO2 IT 50 A-11
AVLIS CVL 3 50 40 A-12
50 ( ) 30 1 OJT ( ) OJT ( ) 2 5 40 IT A-13
OJT Safty Cuiture JCO A-14
OJT 4 5. OJT 20 14 A-15
3 A-16
10 7 8 OJT ( ) ( ) A-17
IT 1 OJT OJT OJT OFF-JT A-18
1 A-19
350 A-20
1 A-21
( ) IT 21 2 JCO TT CO2 A-22
JCO PR ( ) 1 IT JOB IT 25 OJT A-23
OJT OJT IT 4 : 2 A-24
IT OJT A-25
B PJM Nord Pool PJM Nord Pool B.1 1996 9 23 1998 1 1 PG&E SCE SDG&E 3 3 ISO PX 3 3 ESP 1.5, (2000). (2001). B-1
IT NOx 3 B.2 PJM PJM Pennsylvania,New Jersey,Maryland 5 DC (2001). B-2
1927 3 1993 PJM 1998 1 PJM PX ISO PJM B.1 PJM 32 25 22 0 20 40 60 80 100 B.1: PJM PJM PJM ISO LSE Load Serving Entity PJM IPP MP Merchant Plant LSE LSE PJM LSE ISO PJM PX OTC Over The Counter B-3
B.2 0 20 40 60 80 100 B.2: PJM PJM LMP Locational Marginal Price PJM 2,000 LMP LMP LMP PJM B-4
B.3 Nord Pool Nord Pool 4 1993 Statnett SF 50 Svenska Kraftnat 50 Physical Market Elspot Market Elbas Market Regulatory Market Financial Market Eltermin Eloption Clearing Service Elclear 1999 Elspot 75TWh 20 OTC Nord Pool Nord Pool 1999 8,621.1 kw 3 B.3 54 29 14 2 B.1 (2001). B-5
100 % 0.2% 1.1% 0.7% 2.4% 80 16.2% 16.3% 29.4% 60 65.9% 30.9% 14.1% 40 83.7% 98.9% 20 16.0% 52.4% 54.2% 0 0.1% 17.8% 4 B.3: B.1: Nord Pool 0 0 2,759 2,046 622 0 5,427 0 0 107 6,737 0 5,209 12,053 622 104 0 5,929 0 232 6,887 1,614 825 5,904 0 93 0 8,436 5,356 0 0 1,312 0 0 6,668 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,592 929 8,770 16,024 715 5,441, 2001 B-6
C C.1 1. 2. 10 20 30 40 50 60 3. ( ) 4. 5. 5 6 10 11 20 21 30 31 1 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. C-1
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 1 2 2 2001 3 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 4. 3 3-1 1. 2. 3. C-2
4. 5. 3-2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3-3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3-4 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3-5 C-3
4 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. C-4
C.2 PA 24 1 1 1 2 5 ODA C-5
4 1/3 PR C-6
C-7
CO2 3 C-8
1 C-9
PR ( ) ( ) C-10
CO2 C-11
LNG( ) One through Recycle 10 18 50 20 21 soft landing C-12
4 C-13
D D.1 1. 2. 10 20 30 40 50 60 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1 1 2 1. p.d-2 2. p.d-5 3. p.d-5 5 1 p.d-2 5 2 3 p.d-5 D-1
5. 1 1. 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2. 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3. 1 1. 2. D-2
3. 4. 5. 4. 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5. 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. 1 D-3
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. D-4
5. 2 3 1. 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2. 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3. 1 1. 2. 3. D-5
4. 5. 4. 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5. 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. 1 D-6
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. D-7
D.2 10km 62 3 4 5 D-8
4,500 50,000 100,000 D-9