D04401H 1
5 6 12 14 16 20 28 34 35 36 38 41 42 45 48 49 53 Darryl R. J. Macer 57 65 71 2
74 75 79 84 89 94 97 102 106 108 3
11 1997 p.5 64 1999 vol.7pp.15-24 21 1993. 23 1999 29 31 2000 36 1999 39 1998 1998 42 1993 1993 48 1993. 50 Darryl R. J. MacerBioethics for Informed Citizens across Cultures 59 63 66 70 77 79 84 89 94 4
1980 1990 1989 1 2 3 1980 1 1989p.61 2 2000pp.33-44 3 2001 5
4 1[ 5 ] vol.5 1997 pp.95-104 1997 1998 1998 2 13 1998 2,3 2000 1999 2001 2000 4 1998pp.129-142 5 19861975 6
2002 2 [] 1998 1997 1998 vol.7 1999 pp.15-24 1999 3 [] 10 1992 pp.184-187 11 1997 1995 12 1998 1997 11 15 13 2000 2000 10 111213 7
B 14 9,2006 15 2007 6 16 14 6 15 15 2006 6 2006p.69 8
7 15 8 16 2000 pp.16-25 17 10 2003 pp.1-17 18 92 2004 pp.67-78 16 17 18 16 17 18 161718 7 1997pp.108-113 81980 2000 2001p.323 9
lived / 9 10 9 2004p.75 10 2005ap.141 10
vol.5 1997 pp.95-104 1997 1998 1998 2 13 1998 2,3 2000 1999 2001 2000 2002 10 1992 pp.184-187 1998 1997 1998 vol.7 1999 pp.15-24 1999 11 1997 1995 12 1998 1997 11 15 13 11
2000 2000 14 9,2006 15 2007 6 16 16 2000 pp.16-25 17 10 2003 pp.1-17 18 92 2004 pp.67-78 Darryl R. J. MacerBioethics for Informed Citizens across Cultures 12
13
bioethics 1971 11 1970 1978 12 1977 1980 1985 13 1992 1980 1990 1989 11 1998pp.14-15 12 Warren T. Reich (eds.)1978, Encyclopedia of Bioethics, Vol 1&2, New York:The Free Press, Introduction p.xix 2003p.9 13 1985 14
14 15 16 14 () 2001 15 2005dp.334 16 2004 20072007 1998 15
1989 1994 1983 17 1988 11 26 63 1987 18 1990 19 1980 1990 20 17 1983pp.1-15 18 1990 19 (1991)pp.51-57(1992)pp.19-27 20 2001p.318 16
1980 21 22 1995 1997 1989 1990 23 17 19 21 1998pp.35-36 22 19911993 23 1996 17
24 25 80 90 1980 1968 1984 1990 1992 26 24 http://www.hyogo-c.ed.jp/~inochi/ 25 1999 26 1993 18
27 27 80 1981 1986 30 63 63 1 6 80. 19
28 20
4 2 2 200 1999pp.15-24 21
29 29 11 21 22
30 1993 19 30 1998p.325 23
1933 1942 29 62 1993. 24
No261993 9 3 1920 1935 1942 1941 1940 31 31 Rassenhygiene 2000p.177 25
VTR No27 No37 VTR No29 No30 26
No31 27
() 1997 32 32 1998 33 2001pp.31-40 28
29
30
1993.01.16 1993.01.20 31
32
33
Darryl R. J. Macer 34
34 death education 35 36 37 34 2002 35 2002p.30 36 2002p.88 37 1977 35
36
() 38 2002 38 1988 37
39 1995 1997 40 39 2002p.107 40 (1999)p.1 38
()- 1998 1998 1999 39
41 41 2002p.90 40
1997 42 43 42 1998 1998 10 10 43 1994pp.354-365 41
'97 1998 1998 10 10 42
44 44 1991pp.50-59 43
'97 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 44
1998 45
46
47
1993 2007 1993 1993 1985 1986 45 45 1997pp.94-95 48
1993 NoNo52 49
1993. 1987 2 26 50
VTR VTR 51
43500 48000 1400 28500 440 M 52
autonomy 53
46 47 46 2005ap.118 47 2004pp.67-78 54
48 49 50 48 2004p.75 49 1994 50 2004p.75 55
51 life 512005d353-354 56
Darryl R. J. Macer Darryl R. J. Macer 52 53 Bioethics for Informed Citizens across Cultures 521990 1991 1993 1996 5510 2005 UNESCO 53 http://eubios.info/betext.htm 2003 2006 57
54 expertman on the streetwell-informed citizen informed citizen informed citizen informed citizen pp.1-24 p.148 pp.25-147 Bioethics page by page Full chapters and Teaching Resource 54 1994pp.196-197 58
59
60 1978 100
Bioethics for Informed Citizens across Cultures 61
principle 62
Bioethics for Informed Citizens across Cultures 63
principle Autonomy Justice Benefits versus risks 55 56 ruleprinciple ethical theory AutonomyJustice Benefits versus risks 55 principlism 2005p.117 56 1997p.5 64
65
Bioethics for Informed Citizens across Cultures 66
Human Leukocyte Antigen 67
57 1. 2. 3. 1 2 3 4 Q1: Q2. Q1Q2 1989 ADA 1998 57 Macer1998 68
Q3. Q4. Q5. Q3Q4 Q5 Q3Q5 Benefits versus risks Q6. Q7. Q8. Q9. Q6Q7 Q8Q9 Q6Q9 69
70
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Bioethics for Informed Citizens across Cultures 71
principle 72
58 principle across cultures 58 1988 1994pp.293-295 73
74
59 59 CALLAHAN1995 75
Autonomy Benefits versus risks Justice 76
77
78
1997 2000 6 17 2000.6.17 79
2000.6.17 2 80
2000 6 17 19982000 2002 vol.10 81
2000.6.17 2 82
83
1996 295 1999 8 7 19990807 84
VTR 1999.08.07 85
500 1997 2200 1996 295 15 1246 21 86
1999 8 7 87
1999 88
13000 150 89
90
http://homepage1.nifty.com/awaya/hp/index.html 1997 20 600 900 2007 11 11,965 200 600 2003 100 6.7 51.5 36.5 36.5 37.3 http://www.jotnw.or.jp/index.html vol8 1998.9 58 58 3619 1 1320 6900 16 80 6000 34000 91
13000 150 92
93
2007 740 2006 30 10 25 (1970 ) /30 9/4 94
9/6 No.10 9/11 No.10 No.11 9/13 9/20 9/25 No.12 No.13 No.14 No.15 95
9/27 No.15 10/2 No.16 10/11 10/13 10/25 No.17 96
60 60 97
98
99
100
2006 101
102
103
Darryl R. J. Macer Bioethics for Informed Citizens across Cultures principle Autonomy Justice Benefits versus risks 1. 2. 3. 104
Autonomy Benefits versus risks Justice 1997 2000 6 17 1999 8 7 105
106
107
1999 1997 5 DANIEL CALLAHAN,1995 BIOTHICS 1911-1912 2001 1986 2001 () 2001 H.T.H.1988 2002 2007 1999 26 2001 28 2002 5 2004 31 2004 7 2005 2006 9 2007 1998 : vol.8100-104 2002 1997vol.595-104 2000 67 1999 2000 108
2002 2000 1999 2001 1998 35-36 1991 64 2001 323 2001,31-40 2006a Vol.13,17-28 2006b,107-114 1997 2003 1996 1996 1998 1991 No7450-59 1998 1998 2002 1983,1-15 (1991) 51-57 (1992) 19-27 1997 1998 2000 1997 109
1996 2004a 2004b 2002 1998 2001: R.J.Macer1998Bioethics is Love of Life: An Alternative TextbookEubios Ethics Institute R.J. Macer(eds.)Intractable Neurological Disorders, Human Genome Research and Society (February 1994)Eubios Ethics Institute,293-295 2000 177 198961 1989 1999 1994Norio Fujiki & Darryl 2001 2003 1997108-113 2007 1999 1994 1999 2003 9 2004 1994196-197 1991 1994 354-365 1998 2000 1998,129-142 1992,184-187 1990 1990. 4 9 1994 48 110
2000 2000,16-25 2003 10,1-17 2004 92,67-78 2005a 141 (2005b) 2005 199-200 (2005c) 2005 99-125 2005d 334 2004! Warren T. Reich (eds.)1978, Encyclopedia of Bioethics, Vol 1&2, New York:The Free Press, Introduction p.xix 2001 1998 1999? 1977 1999 1998 1998 1998 (1999) 1 2005 2000 2001 2005117 1990 1998 325 2001 2001 1998. 1999 vol.715-24 111
2000 394 1999 2000,33-44 1998 199794-95 2000 2003 : 1991 1998bioethics 14-15 1993 Vol.1 1999 2,3 1990 2007 1988 1989 112
Darryl R.j.Macer(Editor)Bioethics for Informed Citizens across Cultures pp.25-147 / 113
Darryl R.j.Macer(Editor)Bioethics for Informed Citizens across Cultures ( Eubios CD/DVD ) <http://www.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/macer/betext.htm> list serves<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bioethicseducation/> list serve<bioethics_for_students@yahoogroups.com> 1) 2) 3) 1) 2) 1
3) 3 ( ) 3 1) 4-6 () 2) 1-2 () 3) () (1 ) Eubios Ethics 1800 /IUBS/Eubios 1. 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 1.1. 2
1.2.: Q1 1 1 Q2. Q3. 1.3. : 3
1 Q4. Q5. 1.4. : 4
1.5. Q6. 1.6. 50-80% 5
Q7. Q8.? Q9. /IUBS/Eubios : 1. 2. 3. 4. [ ethicus ethikos ] 2 :: 3 : 6
4 : 1. 2. : A. B. 3. L, F Oxford University Press, 2001. 2.1. 1 1 7
1 Q1. 2.2. Q2. 8
Q3. Q4. 2.3. ( ) Q5. Q6. Q7.? Q8. 2.4. 9
30,000 2003 91 1993 http://www.greatapeproject.org/ Q9. 100 Q10. Q11. Q12. 2.5. 1 10
1992 2.6. Q13. Q14. 1 a) b) c) d) e) () 11
( ) ; Q. Q. Q 1993 1 ; 1 ; 12
; 99% 2 30,000 75% Eubios http://www.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/macer/nbb.html http://www.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/macer/info.html : 1. 2. 3. 13
3.1. 23 46 () 2 A()T()C() G() 30 () Q1. () Q2. Q3. 3.2. () RNA BRCA 1 BRCA 2(BReast CAncer ) (HD)( ) 14
(ELSI) Q4. Q5. Q6. Q7. 3.3. Q8. Q9. Q10. () 15
.4. ( ) Q10. Q11. Q12.? Q13. () 16
1 50% () :()2000 (8 :pp.558-645) :T. M. ()(1996 ) : 1. 2. 17
4.1. () () : 4.2 () 1. 1 A. BRCA1 B. C. D. 2. (4.3) 3. 4. 18
5. 4.3. BRCA BRCA BRCA1 BRCA1 BRCA1 17q21 5% () 19
1. 2. BRCA1 3. 4. 5. 6 http://ericir.syr.edu/big6/bigsix.html (B bjansen@tenet.edu) () ( ) 1. OHP 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 20
1970 1990 : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.1 () ( ) ( ) () 1: ()( ) ( ) 21
Conception Gene Therapy on Embryo or Fetus Abnormal Genotype Normal Genotype Primary Prevention (e.g. abortion) (Healthy gestation) Early Death Birth Abnormal Genotype Normal Genotype Somatic Cell Gene Therapy Secondary Prevention (e.g. euthanasia) Disease Symptomatic Therapy Health Abnormal Genotype Normal Genotype Germ- line gene therapy Reproduction (See chapter on fertility) Sterilization? Donor gametes? Prenatal diagnosis? "Healthy" children (see chapter on eugenics) 1989 22
(ADA)1990 9 2003 Q1: Q2. 5.2. ((ADA)) ADA ADA () (RAC) FDA RAC 1989 1999 9 18 () 1999 9 17 4 23
( )2002 2 1989 () Q3. Q4. Q5. 1 5.3 () ()( )() 1990 24
Q6: Q7. Q8. Q9. 1989 (TIL) -2 10 ((ADA)) ADA ADA () ADA 1980 ( ) () 1 ADA ADA ADA 5 25
(SCID)SCID 40 SCID 25 ADA ADA ( T ) ADA ADA 1980 ADA 1990 PEG-ADA 1990 4 ADA PEG PEG-ADA PEG-ADA 1990 4 ADA ( 8 ) 10 1990 8 T ADA ADA 0.1 5%ADA 5% ADA T ADA ADA 20 ADA PEG-ADA transcarbamylase (OTCD)OTCD 26
30% FDA 2 RAC FDA RAC OTCD FDA OTCD 1980 Eubios Ethics <http://www.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/?macer/nbb.html> NIH http://www4.od.nih.gov/oba/rac/guidelines/guidelines.html ClinicalTrials.gov http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ ( ) :1. 2. 27
3. 8 7 () 4:30pm ()???? 28
?!!?? 29
24 2 ) 30
1. () 2. 1 3. 4. 1() 1. 2. 31
EEG ; - - -() - -() - - - () - - () () 1 32
1960 : 1. 2. Q1. 8 8 () : () 33
: 7:30 8:30 34
() : ()!! 35
( : 2 : 3 36
Q2. Q3.? Q4. : 1 2 3 EEG 37
1 8.1. 8.2 38
8.3 8.4. 39
40
41
42
8.1. 8.2. 43
8.3. 44
9.1. (ART) 45
9.2. (i) (ii) 46
(iii)(icsi) 9.3. 9.4. 47
9.5. (PGD) 9.6. 48
9.7. 49
9.8. 9.9. 50
51
52
IVF GIFT 53
54
: 55
/ 1. 2.GMO 3. 4. 10.1 23 4 AT G C 2 A T G C 30 1 23 RNA 56
Q1 Q2 10.2 GMO Genetically Modified Organisms(GMO) 1 1 GMO () Q3 Q4 10.3 Q5. GMO 57
10.4 GMOs fertiliser 10.1 Q6. Q7 GMOs 10.5. Food Agriculture (GM) Bt ( ) 15 GM 58
GM 2 Q8? 10.6. A IX -1-antitrypsin () Q9 Q10? Q11 Q12 10.7. : a) : 59
GM 10 GM GM NGO GM Bt NGO GM b) :! ( Q13 Q14? Q15 OK? 60
Q16?? Q17 ; <http://www.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/ macer/nbb.html> Eubios :http://biosafety.ihe.be/www.fao.orghttp://www.cfsan.fda.gov/ lrd/biotechm.html#reg http://www.srtp.org.uk/whatisrt.shtmlhttp://reason.com/bi/bi-gmf.shtml : 1. 2. 3. 11.1. 61
; 70 () 6-12 Q1: 11.2. 4 : ; 62
; 4 ; Q2. 11.3. 3 ( )G. Q3. Q4. 11.4. () :(QOL) QOL : 63
11.5. () 64
11.6. QOL 5. 6. 7. 8. : (Cicely Saunders ) 1 1960 / 65
1 6 ; ;. 4 &(1965) (KuberRose1969) () 66
Eubios CD :;1965 Kubber-Ross,E.: 1969 SealeCJ.Addington-Hall M.1997.: Soc SciMed45:477-84 : 1. () 2. 12.1. 3,000 1 1933 1945 Q1. 67
12.2. 19 1990 Q2. 12.3. Remmelink 1991 : : ; ; ; ; 12.4. : - ; - ; - 68
( 293 294 ) Q3. Q4. Q5 12.5. :3 Q6 Q7 1. Geertruida 1971 Geertruida 293 1973 (KNMG) 293 2. 69
1984 95 ( ) 293 40 3. 50 2 1991 9 294 7 1994 6 294 1995 2 12.6. 70
() (ca.300) euthanasia 71
1994 Burial 19 1891 1 1 1995 7 pp.25-147 72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
2007 740 2006 30 10 25 82
83
============================================================ 84
85
86
============================================================ () 87
No10 88
============================================================ 89
90
91
============================================================ 92
93
============================================================ 1999.08.07 ============================================================ 94
1999 95
96
97
============================================================ 98
99
============================================================ No16 100
1994 P.V P.V P.V 1997 20 600 900 150 101
============================================================ No.17 102
103
2000 vol.10 2002
2000 2005 1976 1983 2005 2005/04/01 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HP HP
1999.08.07 3.21
1994 P.V P.V P.V 1993 () () 1997 20 600 900 2005 5 11,995 150
P.V - 10 5 15 7
20 1970 2003 1997 1997 1 1999 1978 5
1996 VTR 1999.08.07
12 8003200