03-204

Vegetable, Melon & Potato Institute

ICARDA

Rice Research Institute

1.5km/ha

/ 30a 1.5ha N

Dushanbe

Tajk Agrarian University

(2001

Dushanbe Bogparvar

Soil Science Research Institute Ergashev

Kofarnikhan

Khogend Urunkhojayev

15 4 1 15 4 15 1

2

3

18 19 3 1 5 5

5 5 3 93 5 6

1 2 10 2 ( ) 1650 7

8

9

142,100 km2 50% 3000m 400mm 200mm Temp (C) 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0-5 Rain(mm) Daily Min Daily Max Rain (mm) 200 Dushanbe -10 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temp (C) Rain (mm) 35 200 Rain(mm) 30 180 Daily Min Khorog 25 160 Daily Max 20 140 15 120 100 10 80 5 60 0 40-5 20-10 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temp (C) Rain (mm ) 40 200 Rain(mm ) 35 Daily Min 180 Khujand 30 Daily Max 160 25 20 15 10 5 0-5 -10 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Source: World Weather Information Service http://www.worldweather.org/110/m110.htm 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Source:http:/www.grida.no/enrin/htmls/tadjik/vitalgraphic/eng/html/climate.htm, maps and graphic on climate change Tajikistan 2002 Vital 10

2003 1.100 29.4% 67% GDP 180 Human Development Index (HDI) 2001 162,103 85% 634 142,100 km2 *1 Dushanbe 6,200,000 (2001) *1 1.1% (2001) *1 64.9%, 25%, 3.5%, 6.6% *2 (GDP) 1,100 *1 GDP 180 US Dollar*1 GDP 29.4% 29.4% 41.3% (2000 est.) *2 67.2% 7.5% % 25.3 (1995) *2 20% (2001 est.) *2 Source: *1 World Development Indicators Database, April 2003 *2 CIA World Factbook 2002- Uzbekistan GDP 20% 10% 1991 42% 48% 88% 2000 1,200 FAO Billion somoni 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Nominal GDP in Tajikistan Others Transportation Trade Construction Agriculture Industry 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Source: IMF Country Report No.03/5, Jan 2003 1992 440 2005 ha ha 26ha FAO 4ha 2002 12,500 11

40% 33%,1998 600 404 2000 Table Area under Dekhan Farm, March 2002 All Dekhan farms Restricting of Small & Medium state farms 2/ size dekhan farms Number of farms 12,563 1/ 2,685 9,878 Agriclltural land (ha) 3,698,063 1,036,009 2,662,054 As % of total agricultural land 3/ 40.30 11.3 29 As ha/dekhan farm 294.4 385.9 269.5 Arable land (ha) 329,194 201,914 127,280 As % of total arable land 4/ 33.4 27.2 17.2 As ha/dekhan farm 26.2 75.2 12.9 Source IMF country report No. 03/5, Jan 2003 1/ Based on land use certificate issued only. 2/ Cover 284 state farms restructed into 1,330 dekhan farms by end-2001 and 120 state farms converted into 1,344 dekhan farms since the beginning 2002 3/ Estimated at 9,179,649 ha 4/ Estimated at 741,194 ha 2001 ha 5% (2001) 2005 32% 56% 720kg/ha 30% 22% 950kg/ha 12

31% 880kg/ha 2000 2001 2% Source: FAO global Information and Early Warning System on Food and Agriculture World Food Programme, Special Report FAO/WFP Crop and Food Supply Assessment Mission to Tajikistan, 7 August 2001 JICA 4,360,000 ha 730,000ha 719,000ha 2001 1991 55% (x1,000 ton) 1200 1000 800 600 Seed cotton Wheat Potatoes Grapes Rice Barley 400 200 0 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Source: ADB Key Indicator of Developing Asia and Pacific Countries 1996 36.4 33.6% 7.2% 2.9 5.4% Cultivated Area in Tajikistan (2002) Wheat Other cereals Cotton Fruits Potato Veget ables Source: FAO Global Information and Early Warning system on Food and agriculture 2001 13

Khatlon Reninabad Gorno- Badakhshan (Dushanbe) Grain ton 249,713 126,083 11,951 95,982 483,729 Raw cotton ton 255,092 145,347-52,296 452,735 Potato ton 49,287 100,925 27,279 130,698 308,189 Vegetables ton 120,983 151,292 9,040 115,147 396,462 Melon & pumpkin ton 81,771 12,428 118 2,540 96,857 Fruits ton 43,078 66,953 7,461 27,376 144,868 Grapes ton 33,515 45,851-31,172 110,538 Meat ton 22,927 18,131 5,039 13,003 59,100 Milk ton 118,680 177,494 9,196 77,271 382,641 Eggs 1,000 pcs 13,377 12,423 4,258 11,823 41,881 Wool ton 1,001 668 149-1,818 Cocoon ton 1,181 1,559 - - 2,740 Honey ton - 26 37-63 Cattle Heads 422,410 318,319 83,277-824,006 Cows Heads 219,152 167,191 32,700-419,043 Sheep & goats Heads 818,481 483 239,233-1,058,197 Pig Heads - 789,890 - - 789,890 Poultry Heads 465,123 407,561 91,642-964,326 Hourses Heads 45,430 7,110 1,231-53,771 Source:JICA Total 1996 1.3 1.0ton/ha 100 150kg/ha FAO 2000 2001 43,000ha 46 ton 10.7ton/ha N,P,K 200-200-150kg/ha 20-30ha 14

75% 10-15% 70 ha Water logging,5000ha 15 1 2002,Oct 15

448,900 km2 100-150mm 200mm 400mm 60-70% 300-400mm 100mm 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0-5 -10 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0-5 -10 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0-5 -10 Temp (C) Rain(mm ) Daily Min Daily Max Rain (mm) 100 Tashkent Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temp (C) Temp (C) Rain(mm) Daily Min Daily Max Rain(mm) Daily Min Daily Max Rain (mm) Nukus Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Samarkand Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Rain (mm ) 100 Source: World Weather Information Service http://www.worldweather.org/110/m110.htm 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 GDP 1995 1996 1990 100 2000 96.3 107.7 117.7 ADB Data 16

143,100 km2 *1 Tashkent 25,100,000 (2001) *1 1.3% (2001) *1 80%, 5.5%, 5%, 3%, 2.5%, 1.5%, 2.5% (1996 est.) *2 (GDP) 113 (2001) *1 GDP 450 US Dollar *1 GDP 34.5% 22.9% 42.6% (2000 ) *1 44% 20% 36% (1995) *2 10% plus another 20% underemployed (1999 est.) *2 Source: *1 World Development Indicators Database, April 2003 *2 CIA World Factbook 2002- Uzbekistan 2000 138 2001 113 DGP 2001 34 1996 30% Million sum 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 75% 0 Others Transportation Trade Construction Agriculture Industry Nominal GDP in Uzubekistan 1996 1997 1998 1999 CIA World Factbook 2002 10% ABD 0.4% GPD 450 Human Development Index (HDI) 2000 174,106 17

500-3000ha 15-250ha 0.2-5ha FAO 0.25ha 60 27,650,000ha 4,475,000ha 4,281,000 ha 18

(1996) 1986 1991 1.1 ha 2000 1.74 ha 1.1 ha 0.4 ha 1.7 ha 1.425 ha 6000 5000 (x1,000 ton) 4000 3000 2000 Seed cotton Wheat Potatoes Rice Barley Vegetable 1000 0 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Source: ADB Key Indicator of Developing Asia and Pacific Countries 15 ha 2001 3 ha ha 8 ha 2001 165,000ha 324 ton 19.6ton/ha 19

30% N,P 8,000ha F1 70% F1 1ha 120ton/1.5ha 7-8 P,K 3-10 ICARDA 86,000ha 57,000 ha 36,000 ha 29,000 ha 1960 450 ha 700 ha 1400 5000 60km3/year 12060km3/year 1960 77km3/year 1960 15km3/year 20

21

Water logging 1996 2002 0.6 m3 1.2 m3 22

1600 (MAF) Source: JICA Study Team 2001 2002 23

ICARDA Source: JICA Study Team 24

Agro-Business GIS 25

ICARDA ICARDA F1 ICARDA / 26

27

28

29

7-2 JICA 30

31

32

JICA JICA JICA JICA 33

JICA JICA JICA JICA JICA 34

Compendium of tomato diseases 35

36

37

a. b. c. d. 38

JICA in vitro JICA JICA 39

JICA JICA JICA 40

Excel JICA JICA NPO UNOPS 41

JICA JICA JICA JICA JICA JICA JICA in vitro in vitro JICA 42

JICA JICA JICA JICA 43

a. b. OA c. a. b. c. d. a. b. JICA a) b) c) JICA JICA 44

JICA JICA JICA JICA a) b) c) d) e) JICA JICA Miloserdiya JICA 45

1) 2) 3) 4) 1) 2) 3) 4) 46

47

(2001) Crops Area (ha) Tajikistan Production (ton) Area (ha) Uzbekistan Production (ton) Cereals Wheat 292,000 362,000 1,262,000 3,786,000 Rice, Paddy 14,700 72,000 37,500 81,580 Barley 30,000 16,400 67,000 58,000 Maize 13,000 33,000 38,000 100,000 (Sub-Total) 361,950 491,700 1,412,900 4,047,680 Cotton 270,000 453,000 3,275,000 1,452,000 Fruits Apples 40,000 84,000 100,000 555,300 Apricots 10,000 24,000 4,000 17,600 Peaches and Nectarines 9,000 22,000 10,000 47,500 Plums 9,000 12,100 17,000 101,000 Pears - - 7,000 22,600 Cherries - - 4,500 21,200 Grapes 42,000 110,500 112,000 573,800 (Sub-Total) 117,000 262,600 266,050 1,381,400 Potato 23,000 304,799 50,800 735,500 Vegetables Tomato 8,000 154,400 28,400 1,040,000 Cucumber 1,000 4,600 26,300 284,200 Water melon 10,000 96,865 34,900 459,900 Onion 14,000 113,500 5,700 153,600 Cabbage 4,500 32,000 16,100 921,400 (Sub-Total) 43,150 460,664 165,300 3,238,700 Source: FAO Global Information and Early Warning system on Food and agriculture http://geoweb.fao.org/gbr/geoweb.exe$choosectry 48

(1986-2000) (1) ( Unit : thousand tons ) 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Seed cotton 922 872 964 921 842 826 513 524 531 412 318 353 383 313 335 Wheat 99 175 191 109 143 153 156 159 182 174 548 559 500 483 550 Potatoes 199 192 183 217 207 181 167 147 134 112 108 128 175 240 303 Cotton (lint) 293 276 294 290 256 247 174 180 167 130 120 104 108 103 107 Grapes 199 132 178 174 190 121 100 88 80 96 122 127 46 54 110 Rice 27 27 30 28 29 26 20 23 20 24 21 44 40 47 82 Barley 27 43 43 34 48 51 39 30 25 22 17 23 26 25 19 Maize 73 85 88 109 75 60 32 34 18 19 90 30 36 36 38 Source: ADB Key Indicator of Developing Asia and Pacific Countries (2) ( Unit : thousand tons ) 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Seed cotton 4,989 4,858 5,365 5,292 5,058 4,646 4,128 4,235 3,938 3,934 3,350 3,646 3,206 3,639 3,002 Wheat 241 495 563 342 553 610 964 876 1,362 2,347 2,742 3,073 3,556 3,602 3,532 Rice 399 506 581 484 503 515 539 545 498 328 450 386 346 421 160 Barley 132 289 391 246 385 324 361 292 300 321 203 144 83 111 86 Corn 389 421 520 460 431 431 367 404 276 186 137 137 124 168 131 Potatoes 309 261 308 325 336 351 365 472 567 440 514 692 691 658 731 Vegetable 3,494 3,039 2,975 2,725 2,497 2,384 2,403 2,680 2,645 Source: ADB Key Indicator of Developing Asia and Pacific Countries 49

Uzbek 10 Uzbek 500 700 300 TBIC Tajik JICA JICA Uzbek Uzbek 1994 JICA 51

15-20 7-10 2003 JICA TBIC Uzbek JICA KR Uzbek TBIC Uzbek 2004 2003 ICARDA ) water use in sloping area irrigation & drainage in flood area drainage water use marginal water use chemical analysis on soil/water/plant Soil & Water Section Water use efficiency seed production 52

Uzbek economy socio-economy statistical analysis livestock, animal health Salinity Uzbek Plant genetic resources center Middle term storage Uzbek JICA Socio-economy Gender, Agricultural statistics, Rural development Depression Bio-drainage water use association Uzbek water use association Uzbek Science Production Center of Agriculture TBIC JICA JICA 53

Uzbek 135 ha 110 ha 16 ha 6 ha 10 ha 25 ha 10 ha Uzbek 10-15 ha 2005 JICA 54

Uzbek TBIC Uzbek Uzbek 500-3000ha 15-250ha 0.2-5ha JICA ADB CIS 55

JICA (OK ) JICA ha ha ADB Uzbek ha 56

JICA ha 1. 13.5-14 ha 280-300 ton 2. ha 3. ha 4. 4.5 ha 5. 2-2.5 ha 6. 8000-10000ha 7. 6000-8000ha 8. ha 57

JICA 58

ICARDA Dr. Dr. Contour On farm Central Asia research institute of irrigation Scientific production center ton/ha Contour 0.1-0.3 ton/ha 3ton/ha 4-5ton/ha farmer field day water harvest water harvest ha 1007/ha $2500/ha 59

1600ha 600ha 400ha 8000ha 120ha ICARDA ha ha ha ha ha ha ha 2001 ha 2002 ha 2003 8-10 ha 60

JICA 10ton/ha 5000ha 70-80 N P K ha 30ha 61

ha 20000ha 6000 Uzbek 700 800 Uzbek 30-40ton/ha 5000 1000 62

Aid Coordination Unit Project implementation center $4000 JICA JICA Project Implementation Center JICA JICA 63

2003-2005 PIP Project investment plan PIP 1.5 CIS 64

NGO BHN 1600 ha ha 65

ton 474000ton Consulting Center 66

20-30 ton (1999) 1999 40 2002 47.3 ton 2002 37500ton 1999 13.5 2002 25 ton (2000) /ha /ha (2000) (2000) (2000) 67

(1999) JICA (1999) 1500ha 68

(68ha) ha ha 69

Optimum ha 70

1kw 0.5 1m3 0.6 1kw 1.2 1m3 1200 96-02 10-15% 17-18 ha 71

11 28 10-15 3.5ton/ha 2.5ton/ha 200-300 200-250 150kg/ha 20-30ton/ha 18-22ton/ha ton/ha 5-7ton/ha 72

Tajik Jangal ha 25-30cm 1400ha 2300ha 1.5ton/ha 250mm 40ton/ha 73

subtropical 80 (43 ) (300 ) (190 ) 10% 350ha 27ton/ha 100% Paronosparos ton/2002 350ton 170ton 160ton 60000-65000 2001 1951 74

degradation ha 70-80 1.5km/ha Waterlogging, mineralization 5000ppm 15000ppm SO4 ha ha ha Waterlogging ha 1.5m Bio-drainage State committee of Land Resources Agrochemical survey(npk ) 1980 salinity GIS ICARDA ADB ICARDA ICARDA JICA ICARDA JICA Contact farm GIS follow-up 75

Whole sale market 0.5 0.65 0.20-30 kg 2-3% 0.60-63 0.7 0.75 0.50 0.90 0.95 3.5 /kg 5.0 /kg 4-5 30-45 5-6 3000 2000 76

Agro-business Agro-business 5-10 (2001) (2002) 51 57 77

66,000ha 5000ha 39,000ha 3500 ha 100km H. 1ha ton/ha 1/5 1/12 2/3 3/4 kg 5000 1kg=$1 $2000 $3000 10-15 78

25-30ha 79