17 DNA SEM, Scanning electron microscope TEM, transmission electron microscope X NMR AFM, atomic force microscopy SPM, scanning probe microscopy 1 SPM SPM AFM SNOM NSOM, Scanning near-field optical microscope SPM 1980 SPM
18 SPM SPM 1981 SPM STM, Scanning tunneling microscope 1986 AFM FFM, Friction force microscope MFM, Magnetic force microscope Kelvin KPM, Kelvin probe microscope SPM SNOM 1984 SPM SPM AFM SNOM SPM SPM STM Scanning tunneling microscope AFM Atomic force microscope FFM Friction force microscope VEM Visco-elasticity microscope MFM Magnetic force microscope Kelvin KFM Kelvin force microscope SThM (Scanning thermal microscope SNOM Scanning near-field optical microscope
19 SPM AFM SPM 10 m 20nm 0.1nm 1 0.5nm AFM SNOM SPM SNOM SNOM/ShFM, Scanning near-field optical / shear force microscope SNOM/AFM, Scanning near-field optical / atomic force microscope SNOM/AFM AFM 1 SNOM SNOM/AFM SNOM/ShFM 1 SNOM/AFM AFM 1 a
20 50nm 1 b nm SNOM/ AFM 50nm SNOM/AFM SPM AFM 2
21 SPM m m m 1 m SNOM/AFM SPM SNOM/AFM
22 AFM AFM DNA 2 3 4 AFM AFM 3 a 40-50 nm 3 b DNA 30nm NaCl 2.0 M NaCl 5 AFM AFM AFM SEM 6 AFM
23 AFM 4 AFM 7, 8 1 m 4 nm 4 AFM AFM 9 5 a 5 b 0.38 MPa 5 c 0.48 MPa 5 d
24
25 AFM 1 m 50nm AFM AFM 10 AFM SEM DNA FISH Fluorescence in situ hybridization FISH DNA SNOM/AFM DNA DNA 6
26 ea47 15 Alexsa532 532 nm 570nm PNA peptide nucleic acid DNA 2 DNA YOYO-1 488 nm 510 nm DNA Methyltrimethoxysilane 11 12 488 532 nm APD avalanche photodiode 6a DNA Alexa532 6b 300nm SNOM/AFM 15 13, 14 DNA 15 DNA 16 DNA SNOM/AFM nm SNOM/AFM 17
27 SNOM/AFM 7 7 a SNOM/AFM 7 b c DNA FISH 8 a FISH 1 1 AFM SNOM/AFM AFM 8 b, c 8 b AFM nm SNOM/AFM 10 AFM 8 c 8 b AFM SNOM/AFM 1 2
28 18, 19 SNOM/AFM FISH FISH nanofish FISH DNA SPM AFM AFM 2003 SPM pn SPM DNA AFM DNA SPM 2003 1986 AFM 20 SPM 20 SPM SPM SPM SEM
29 SPM SEM SPM SPM SPM NEDO 1 2002. 2 T. Ushiki, S. Yamamoto, J. Hitomi, S. Ogura, T. Umemoto and M. Shigeno: Atomic force microscopy of living cells, Jpn, J. Appl. Phys. 39, 3761-3764 2000. 3 M. Nagayama, H. Haga and K. Kawabata: Drastic change of local stiffness distribution correlating to cell migration in living fibroblasts, Cell Motil Cytoskeleton, 50, 173-179 2001. 4 55 877-879 2002. 5 X-Q. Liu, S. Sugiyama, Q-Y. Xu, T. Kobori, S. Hagiwara and T. Ohtani: Atomic force microscopy study of chromosome surface structure changed by protein extraction Ultramicroscopy 94, 217-223 2003. 6 S. Sugiyama, T. Yoshino, H. Kanahara, M. Shichiri, D. Fukushi and T. Ohtani: Effects of acetic acid treatment on plant chromosome structures analyzed by atomic force microscopy, Anal. Biochem, 324, 39-44 2004.
30 7 T. Ohtani, T. Yoshino, T. Ushiki, S. Hagiwara and T. Maekawa: Atomic force microscopic imaging of rice starch granule structure in nanometer scale, J. Electron Microscopy, 49, 487-489 2000 8 T. Ohtani, T. Yoshino, S. Hagiwara and T. Maekawa: High-resolution imaging of starch granule structure using atomic force microscopy, Starch/Stärke, 52, 150-153 2000 9 T. Yoshino, I. Sotomei, T. Ohtani, S. Isobe, S. Oshita and T. Maekawa: Observations of xenon gas-treated barley cells in solution by atomic force microscopy, J. Electron Microscopy, 49, 483-486 2000 10,,,,,, : Trichoderma viride 2002 p.124 2002.3. 11 M. Sasou, S. Sugiyama, T. Yoshino and T. Ohtani: Molecular flat mica surface silanized with methyltrimethoxysilane for fixing and straightening DNA, Langmuir, 19, 9845-9849 2003 12 H. Nakao, H. Hayashi, T. Yoshino, S. Sugiyama, K. Otobe and T. Ohtani: Development of novel polymer-coated substrates for straightening and fixing DNA, Nano Letters, 2, 475-479 2002 13 SNOM/AFM 38 94-97 2003 14 J-M. Kim, T. Hirose, S. Sugiyama, T. Ohtani and H. Muramatsu: Visualizing a hybridized PNA probe on a DNA molecule with near-field optical microscopy, Nano Letters, 4, 2091-2097 2004 15 H. Nakao, M. Gad, S. Sugiyama, K. Otobe. and T. Ohtani: Transfer-printing of highly aligned DNA nanowires, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 7162-7163 2003 16 H. Nakao, H. Siigi, Y. Yamamoto, S. Tokonami, T. Nagaoka, S.Sugiyama and T. Ohtani: Highly Ordered Assemblies of Au Nanoparticles Organized on DNA, Nano Lett. 3, 1391-1394 2003 17 T. Yoshino, S. Sugiyama, S. Hagiwara, T. Ushiki and T. Ohtani: Simultaneous collection of topographic and fluorescent images of barley chromosomes by scanning near-field optical/atomic force microscopy, J. Electron Microscopy, 51, 199-203 2002 18 D. Fukushi, M. Shichiri, S. Sugiyama, T. Yoshino, S. Hagiwara and T. Ohtani: Scanning near-field optical/atomic force microscopy detection of FISH signals beyond the optical limit, Exp. Cell Res., 289, 237-244 2003 19 T. Ohtani, M. Shichiri, D. Fukushi, S. Sugiyama, T. Yoshino, T. Kobori, S. Hagiwara, and T. Ushiki: Imaging of Chromosomes at Nano-Meter Scale
31 Resolution using Scanning Near- Field Optical/Atomic Force Microscopy, Arch. Histol. Cytol., 65, 111-120 2002