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1 Sir Philip Sidney Sir Henry Sidney Mary Dudley=Sidney d Lady Jane Grey Guilford Dudley John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland Ambrose Dudley, Earl of Warwick 1528?-1590 Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester -d =

2 The Lady of May The Defence of Poesie, or An Apologie for Poetry Astrophil and Stella The Old Arcadia, The New Arcadia, The Countess of Pembroke s Arcadia

4 in medias res 2 4 John Hoskins, Directions for Speech and Style. ed. by Hoyt H. Hudson, US: Princeton UP, Maurice Evans, Introduction in The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia (Penguin, 1977), p. 15.

5 P. P. Howe ed., The Complete Works of William Hazlitt, vol. 6 (Tokyo: Yushodo Booksellers, 1967), p E. M. W. Tillyard, The English Epic and its Background (London: Chatto & Windus, 1954), p. 299.

6 but yet but but 8 gar, men, de 2 9 but exemplum compendium pp

7 79 10 * But 11 but 10 Tillyard, pp Mario Praz, Mnemosyne: The Parallel Between Literature and the Visual Arts (Princeton UP,1970), p.92. p. 87

8 But when the messenger came in with letters in his hand and haste in his countenance, though she knew not what to fear, yet she feared because she knew not; but she rose and went aside while he delivered his letters and messages. Yet, afar off, she looked now at the messenger, and then at her husband the same fear which made her loath to have cause of fear, yet making her seek cause to nourish her fear: and well she found there was some serious matter, for her husband's countenance figured some resolution between loathness and necessity. And once his eye cast upon her, and finding hers upon him, he blushed and she blushed because he blushed, and yet straight grew paler, because she knew not why he had blushed. But when he had read and heard, and dispatched away the messenger like a man in whom honour could not be rocked on sleep by affection with promise quickly to follow, he came to Parthenia; and as sorry as might be for parting and yet more sorry for her sorrow, he gave her the letter to read. She with fearful slowness took it, and with fearful quickness read it; and having read it, Ah, my Argalus! said she. And have you made such haste to answer? And are you so soon resolved to leave me? Ibid. pp Victor Skretkowicz ed. The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia (The New Arcadia), (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987), p. 372.

9 But... though... yet...; but... while...; yet..., yet... And...; and yet... But... but yet

10 ;till they came to the river s side, which of all the rivers of Greece had the price for excellent pureness and sweetness, insomuch as the very bathing in it was accounted exceeding healthful. It ran upon so fine and delicate a ground as one could not easily judge whether the river did more wash the gravel, or the gravel did purify the river; the river not running forthright, but almost continually winding, as if the lower streams wound return to their spring, or that the river had a delight to play with itself; the banks of either side seeming arms of the loving earth that fain would embrace it, and the river a wanton nymph which still would slip from it, either side of the bank being fringed with most beautiful trees, which resisted the sun s darts from overmuch piercing the natural coldness of the river. There was a sweet willow whose lovely boughs gave shade; but among the rest, a goodly cypress, who bowing her fair head over the water, it seemed she looked into it, and dressed her green locks by that running river. [188 ] 14 Frank Kermode, Shakespeare, Spenser, Donne: Renaissance Essays (Routledge, 1971), p. 20.

11 83 But rather to tell how, if art could tell, How from that sapphire fount the crisped brooks, Rolling on orient pearl and sands of gold, With mazy error under pendant shades Ran nectar, visiting each plant, and fed Flowers worthy of Paradise Alastair Fowler ed. Paradise Lost. London: Longman, 1968; 2nd ed

12 mazy error error A. Bartlett Giamatti, The Earthly Paradise and the Renaissance Epic (Princeton Univ. Press, 1966), pp , pp

13 Joan Rees, Sir Philip Sidney and Arcadia (London: Associated Univ. Presses, 1991), p Edwin Greenlaw, The Captivity Episode in Sidney s Arcadia, Manly Anniver-

14 sary Studies (1923): 54-63

17 89

Cain & Abel

Cain & Abel: False Religion vs. The Gospel Now Adam knew Eve his wife, and she conceived and bore Cain, saying, I have gotten a man with the help of the LORD. And again, she bore his brother Abel. Now