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1 85 biporalismobipartitismo Popolo della Libertà PdL Partito Democratico PD PdL LN

2 86 PD PdL P

3 87 PCI PSI DC garantismo PCI MSI DC PSDIPRIPLI PSI PCI MSI PNM polarized pluralism Sartori DC PCI compromesso storico PCI MSI l arco costituzionaloe anti-system party

4 88 moderate pluralism Farneti one-party dominant regimes Tarrow Sartori ibid. PCI PSI MSI DC

5 89 tri-polar PCI MSI PCI PCI DC PCI bipartitismo Galli PCI DC PCI MSI DC PSI MSI MSI Ferraresi

6 90 PCI PCI PCI PCI DC PCI PCI PCI PCI bipartitismo bipolarismo GDP

7 91 DC PCI Mani pulite ERM DC PCI PDS LN DC,PDS,PSI governo dei tecnici

8 92 il Mattarellum Sartori Guarnieri DC

9 93 Progressisti PCI PDS PCI PRCVerdi DC Rete PSI Patto per l Italia DC PPI Segni

10 94 LN MSI MSI-AN AN FIDC FI LN MSI

11 95 PCI Bartolini e D Alimonte bipolarismo

12 96 LN LN DC CDU DC PCI DC L Ulivo PRC PRC LN PRC LN

13 97 LN PRC D Alimonte e Bartolini PRC opposition PDS PRC LN

14 98 PRC PDS DS LN Casa della Libertà FI FI AN LN BiancofioreCCD CDU PPI Margherita PDCI DS SDI Verdi Margherita PRC PRC D Alimonte e Bartolini

15 99 Guarnieri alteranza DS bipartitismo FI LN UDC

16 100 UDC

17 101 CdLL Un-

18 102 ione Unione CdL PRC De Sio D Alimonte e Chiaramonte bipartitismo

19 103 Pasquino bipartitismo DS Partito Democratico PD DS DS PD PD SDI IdVPD PD Udeur

20 104 PD AN Popolo della Libertà PdL LN Movimento per l antonomia MA PD Unione PD IdV PD PdL UDC Unione di CentroPD PRC Pdci Verdi PRC Sinistra archobaleno PdL PD PdL LN PD PdL

21 105 PD PdL IdV LN radicalizzazione Renato Mannheimer. Bossi e Di Pietro, i nuovi ali radicali. In Corriere della Sera.

22 106 PD PdL Cotta and Verzichelli Morlino

23 107

24 108 D Alimonte ebartolini D Alimonte e Chiaramonte proporzionalizzazione del maggioritario Guarnieri lista civetta

25 109 PRC LN

26 110 Bardi LN PRC DS DC LN UDC PRC Udeur

27 111 PD PdL FI AN PD PdL bipolarismo accelera verso bipartitismo Ansa De Sio PD PdL IdV LN ali radicali Mannheimer ibid.

28 112 Thelen PD PdL PD IdV

29 113 PD PD PD PdL PD UDC AN

30 114 PdL PD PdL voto utile Capara & Vecchione Itanes PD PdL FI

31 115 Panebiannco PD DS PCI AN MSI pre-electoral game electoral game post-electoral game Di Virgilio Giannetti

32 116 Thelen ibid. Hall PD PdL PD PdL PD

33 117 LN Sartori Katz and Mair bipolarismo Mair

34 118 bipolarismo Morlino Bardi PCI Morlino Diamanti

35 119 Bardi Ibid PdL PD Kitschelt

36 120 Crouch PdL LN PD IdV

37 121 bipolarismo DC pole bloc bipartitismo bipolarismo consociativismo PDS PPI PCI D Amore matto Matterellum Pasquino Sartori Ibid.. Ibod. Polo della LibertàFI LN

38 122 PRCCD Polo del Buon GovernoFI MSI AN CCD PDS UDC PRC Radicali IdV CISL Democrazia europeapdci PCI PRC SDI PSI UDC Pasquino Pasquino Aldo Di Virgilio Changing the electoral rules again : party competition and coalition formation in Italy

39 123 Pasquino PCI DS DS Caprara evecchione.. Fig, p.. Guarnieri DS PdL

40 124 DC PCI Galli PD PdL Bardi, Luciano Arena elettorale e dinamiche parlamentari nel cambiamento del sistema politico italiano. In Partiti e sistemi di partito. Bologna : Il Mulino, a cura di. Luciano Bardi. Bartolini, Stefano e Roberto D Alimonte Maggioritario ma non troppo. Bologna : Il Mulino. Bartolini, Stefano., Alessandro Chiaramonte eroberto D Alimonte Maggioritario finalmente? Il bilancio di tre prove. In Maggioritario finalmente? La transizione elettorale , acuradi.d AlimonteeBartolini. Bologna : Il Mulino. Bartolini, Stefano. e Roberto D Alimonte La maggioranza ritrovata. La competizione nei collegi uninominali. In. Maggioritario finalmente? La transizione elettorale , acuradi.d AlimonteeBartolini. Bologna : Il Mulino. Briquet, Jean-Louis e Alfio Mastropaolo. a cura di Politica in Italia : I fatti dell anno e le interpretazioni. Edizione Bologna : Il Mulino. Bull, Martin J. and James L. Newell Italian Politics : Adjustments under Duress. Cambridge : Polity. Calise, Mauro La terza repubblica? Roma-Bari : Laterza. Caprara, Gian Vittorio e Michele Vecchione Politici ed elettori : Psicologia delle scelte di voto. Firenze-Milano : Giunti. Cartocci, Roberto Elettori in Italia : Riflessioni sulle vicende elettorali degli anni ottanta. Bologna : Il Mulino.

41 125 Ceccanti, Stefano e Salvatore Vassallo. a cura di Come chiudere la transizione : Cambiamento, apprendimento e adattamento nel sistema politico italiano. Bologna : Il Mulino. Chiaramonte, Alessandro Le elezioni politiche del 21 Aprile In D Alimonte, Roberto., e David Nelken. a cura di. Politica in Italia : I fatti dell anno e le interprtazioni. Edizione 97. Bologna : Il Mulino. Ibid Il voto proporzionale : verso la nazionalizzazione della competezione? In D Alimonte e Bartolini. a cura di Ibid Il nuovo sistema partitico italiano tra biporalismo e frammentazione. In D Alimonte e Chiaramonte. a cura di Cotta, Maurizio and Luca Verzicheli Political Institutions in Italy. Oxford : OUP. Colarizi, Simona Storia politica della Repubblica Roma-Bari: Latreza. Crouch, Colin Post-Democracy. Cambridge : Polity Press. D Alimonte, Roberto e Stefano Bartolini.a cura di Maggioritario per caso. Le elezioni italiane del Bologna : il Mulino. Ibid. a cura di Maggioritario finalmente? : Le transizione elettorale Bologna : Il Mulino. D Alimonte, Roberto e Chiaramente Alessandro. a cura di Proporzionale ma non solo : Le elezioni pplitiche del Bologna : Il Mulino. D Alimonte, Roberto il nuovo sistema elettorale. Dal coleggio uninominale al premio di maggioranza. In D Alimonte e Chiaramonte. a cura di D Amore, Ciro The never-ending Italian transition. In South European Society & Politics June De Sio, Lorenze For a few votes more : The Italian general election of April In South European Society & Politics March Diamanti, Ilvo Bianco, rosso, verde... e azzurro : Mappe e colori dell Italia politica. Bologna : Il Mulino. Di Virgilio, Aldo. 1997a. Le alleanza elettorali : Identità partitiche e logiche coalizionali. In Maggioritario per caso. Le elezioni politiche del 1994 e del 1996 a confront : il ruolo del sistema elettorale, le coalizioni, le schelte degli elettori, acuradi.roberto D Alimonte estefanobartolini. Bologna : Il Mulino. Ibid. 1997b. L offerta elettorale : La politica delle alleanze si istituzionalizza. In Maggioritario per caso. Le elezioni politiche del 1994 e del 1996 a confront : il ruolo del sistema elettorale, le coalizioni, le schelte degli elettori, acuradi.d Alimonte e Bartolini. Bologna : Il Mulino.

42 126 Ibid Nuovo sistema elettorale e strategie di competizione : quanto è cambiata l offerta politica. In D Alimonte e Chiaramonte. a cura di Farneti, Paolo The Italian Party System London : Frances Pinter. Ferraresi, Franco Threats to Democracy : The Radical Right in Italy after the War. Princeton : Princeton University Press Galli, Giorgio Il bipolarismo imperfetto. Bologna : Il Mulino. Guarnieri, Carlo Il sistema politico italiano. Bologna : Il Mulino. Hall, Peter Policy Paradigm, Social Learning, and the State : The Case of Economic Policymaking in Britain. In Comparative Politics Hine, David Governing Italy : The Politics of Bargained Pluralism. Oxford : Clarendon Press. Itanes Perchè ha vinto il centro-destra. Bologna : Mulino. Ibid Sinistra e destra : Le radici psicologiche della dirrenza politica. Bologna : Il Mulino. Katz, Richard S. and Peter Mair Party Organization, Party Democracy, and the Emergence of the Cartel Party. In Party Politics Kitschelt, Herbert The Transformation of European Social Democracy. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. Mair, Peter Party system change. In Handbook of Party Politics, eds. RichardS. Katz and William Crotty. London : Sage, pp Mannheimer, Renato Capire il voto : Contributi per l analisi del comportamento elettorale in Italia. Milano : Franco Angeli. McCarthy Patrick The Crisis of the italian state : From the Origins of the Cold War to the Fall of Berlusconi & Beyond.London : Macmillan. Morlino, Leonardo The three phases of Italian parties. In Political Parties and Democracy, eds. LarryDiamondandRichard Gunther. Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press. Morlino, Leonardo e Marco Tarchi. a cura di Partiti e caso italiano. Bologna : Il Mulino. Newell, James. J. and Martin Bull Party organisations and alliances in Italy in the 1990s : A revolution of sorts. In Crisis and Transition in Italian Politics, eds. Martin Bull and M. Rhodes. London : Frank Cass. Panebianco, Angelo Political Parties : Organization and Power. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. A

43 127 Pappalardo, A., Italian bipolarism and the elections of End of the line or just a connecting stop?, Journal of Modern Italian Studies, Vol.11, No.4, Pasquino, Gianfranco. a cura di Dall Ulivo e governo Berlusconi : Le elezioni del 13 maggio 2001 e il sistema politico italiano. Bologna : Il Mulino. Ibid The Italian political system after the 9 10 April 2006 elections InJournal of Modern Italian Studies Ibid Tricks and treats : The 2005 Italian electoral law and its consequences. In South European Society & Politics March Sartori, Giovanni Parties and party systems : a framework for analysis. NewYork : Cambridge University Press. G Ibid Elementi di teoria politica. Bologna : Il Mulino. Ibid Comparative Constitutional Engeneering. New York : Macmillan. G Ibid Il sistema elettorale resta cattivo. InDall Ulivo al governo Berlusconi. Le elezioni del 13 maggio 2001 e il sistema politico italiano, acuradi.gianfranco Pasquino. Bologna : Il Mulino. Ibid Mala tempora. Roma-Bari : Laterza. Ibid Mala costituzione e altri malanni. Roma-Bari : Laterza. Tarrow, Sidney Maintaining hegemony in Italy : The softer they rise, the slower they fall! In Uncommon Democracies. The One-Party Dominant Regimes, ed. T.J. Pempel. Ithaca : Cornell University Press. Thelen, Kathleen How Institutions Evolve : The Political Economy of Skills in Germany, Britain, Japan and the United States. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. No

44 128 concertazione a b

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