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3 BUN 156 mg/dl CRE 9.74 mg/dl PCR 3 1 PAS 2 PAM 3 PAM Equine renal dysplasia 1. Anderson, W. I., Picut, C. A., King, J. M., Perdrizet, J. A Renal dysplasia in a standardbred colt. Vet. Pathol Ronen, N., van Amstel, S. R., Nesbit, J. W., van Rensburg, I. B. J Renal dysplasia in two adult horses: clinical and pathological aspects. Vet. Rec Gull, T., Schmitz, D. G., Bahr, A., Read, W. K., Walker, M Renal hypoplasia and dysplasia in an American miniature foal. Vet. Rec

4 4 88 Clostridium botulinum A G 7 A B E F 1 [1] 4 1 A B F 2 B E F 3 C D 4 G C D A B E E [12] C D C D B [3] D C D B [10] [11] [2 13] 1994 C 2004 C D 15 BoNT L N H N C H C 3 [5] C D C C C Jansen[4] C 3 C1 C2 D C C2 D D C1 Table 1 C D C C C D H C C D C/D D/C

5 [6] C D C D C D H C D C/D Fig.1 C D PCR C D NT L C H C N H N 8 4 C NT D NT PCR C D PCR C/D Table 2 [14] C/D Jansen C CB 19 C C/D 1873 D M C C/D D [14]

6 6 90 Table 3 SacII NruI PFGE SacII NruI PFGE D C OFD05 H C C D/C C/D PCR C D 2 4 PCR PCR D/C Table 4 [8]

7 D/C PFGE D/C H C 2 D/C C D 2 C D C/D D/C D VAMP GST D D VAMP2 VAMP3 VAMP1 D D/C VAMP2 VAMP2 D/C VAMP2 D C GD1b GT1b TLC D/C GM1a PC12 D/C GM1a VAMP2 GM1a D/C [9] BoNT/DC BoNT/DC mab mab C D BoNT ELISA BoNT/DC BoNT/DC H C 4 mab BoNT/DC

8 8 92 ELISA 3 mab BoNT/DC H C 3 BoNT/DC C D BoNT/DC mab BoNT/DC mab BoNT/ DC 2 mab 2 mab BoNT/DC OFD05 1,000 LD 50 /ml Fig. 2 [7] C D 1. Arnon, S. S Infant botulism. Annu. Rev. Med. 31 : Böhnel, H., Schwagerick, B., Gessler, F Visceral botulism new form of bovine Clostridium botulinum toxication. J Vet Med A Physiol. Pathol. Clin. Med. 48 : Haagsma, J., Haesebrouck, F., Devriese, L., Bertels, G An outbreak of botulism type B in horses. Vet. Rec. 127 : Jansen, B.C The toxic antigenic factors produced by Clostridium botulinum types C and D. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 38 : Montecucco, C., Schiavo, G Structure and function of tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins. Q. Rev. Biophys. 4 : Moriishi, K., Koura, M., Abe, N., Fujii, N., Fujinaga, Y., Inoue, K., Oguma, K Mosaic

9 structure of neurotoxins produced from Clostridium botulinum types C and D organisms. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1307 : Nakamura, K., Kohda, T., Seto, Y., Mukamoto, M., Kozaki, S Improved detection methods by genetic and immunological techniques for botulinum C/D and D/C mosaic neurotoxins. Vet. Microbiol. 162 : Nakamura, K., Kohda, T., Umeda, K., Yamamoto, H., Mukamoto, M., Kozaki, S Characterization of the D/C mosaic neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum associated with bovine botulism in Japan. Vet. Microbiol. 140 : Nakamura, K., Kohda, T., Shibata, Y., Tsukamoto, K., Arimitsu, H., Hayashi, M., Mukamoto, M., Sakakawa, N., Kozaki, S Unique biological activity of botulinum D/C mosaic neurotoxin in murine species. Infect. Immun. 80 : Notermans, S., Dufrenne, J., Oosterom, J Persistence of Clostridium botulinum type B on a cattle farm after an outbreak of botulism. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 41 : Payne, J. H., Hogg, R. A., Otter, A., Roest, H. I., Livesey, C. T Emergence of suspected type D botulism in ruminants in England and Wales (2001 to 2009), associated with exposure to broiler litter. Vet. Rec. 168 : Sakaguchi, G Clostridium botulinum toxins. Pharmac. Ther. 19 : Smart, J. L., Roberts, T. A Bovine botulism. Vet. Rec. 101 : Takeda, M., Tsukamoto, K., Kohda, T., Matsui, M., Mukamoto, M., Kozaki, S Characterization of the neurotoxin produced by isolates associated with avian botulism. Avian Dis. 49 : AVMA/AAAP AVMA AAAP AAAP McCormick Place 1 AVMA

10 10 94 Night Zoo 4, ,527 1,453 1,022 9,089 6 AAAP IB

11 C. jejuni C. coli AAAP Dr. Mark W. Jackwood m IBV IB S1 RT PCR DNA IBV DNA IB RT PCR IB IB Dr. Ellen W. Collisson MHC B2 B8 B5 IB B12 B19 B2 B19 B2 poly I : C IFN RNA 71 Cheese and Wine Social Dr. Susan M. Williams IB Arkansas Massachusetts Geogia IB

12 12 96 AAAP AAAP IB Dr. Mark W. Jackwood 2 Dr. Ellen W. Collisson 2

37, 9-14, 2017 : cefcapene piperacillin 3 CT Clostridium difficile CD vancomycin CD 7 Clostridium difficile CD CD associate

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