08 p Boltzmann I P ( ) principle of equal probability P ( ) g ( )g ( 0 ) (4 89) (4 88) eq II 0 g ( 0 ) 0 eq Taylor eq (4 90) g P ( ) g ( ) g ( 0

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "08 p Boltzmann I P ( ) principle of equal probability P ( ) g ( )g ( 0 ) (4 89) (4 88) eq II 0 g ( 0 ) 0 eq Taylor eq (4 90) g P ( ) g ( ) g ( 0"

Transcription

1 08 p. 8 4 k B log g() S() k B : Boltzmann T T S k B g g heat bath, thermal reservoir I II II System I System II II I I const. (4 85) g( 0 ) g ( )g ( ) g ( )g ( 0 ) (4 86) g ( )g ( 0 ) 0 (4 87) log g eq log g 0 eq (4 88)

2 08 p Boltzmann I P ( ) principle of equal probability P ( ) g ( )g ( 0 ) (4 89) (4 88) eq II 0 g ( 0 ) 0 eq Taylor eq (4 90) g P ( ) g ( ) g ( 0 eq ) g g ( )g ( 0 eq ) log g 0 eq P ( ) g ( ) exp log g ( 0 ) g ( ) exp log g ( 0 eq ) log g g ( ) exp log g ( 0 eq ) g ( )g ( 0 eq ) exp + o( ) 0 eq (4 88) (4 9) + o( ) (4 88) (4 9) o(x n ) O(x n ) Landau ( ) o(x n ) n x n O(x n ) x n f(x) Maclaurin f(x) f(0) + f (0)x + f (0)x + o ( x ) f(x) f(0) + f (0)x + f (0)x + O ( x 3) (4 9) (4 9) (4 9) I exp i + ii exp i exp ii (4 93) (4 9) (4 9) Kittel Kittel, p.49 g

3 08 p. 30 heat bath thermal reservoir P () g() exp g() T exp factor) (4 94) Boltzmann (Boltzmann reservoir ( ): ( reserver ) réservoir (4 9) (4 94) exp eq exp exp exp eq exp eq (4 94) 4.3 (4 94) normalize g() exp P () g() exp (4 95) partition function Z Z(T ) g() exp (4 96) g() S() k B log g Z(T ) g() exp d (4 97)

4 08 p. 3 g() + d g()d (4 96) Z(T ) exp g() (4 98) 4.4 ( ) partition function partition Wikipedia ( ) partition vt.. ( )... The partition function thus plays the role of a normalizing constant, ensuring that the probabilities sum up to one: Z ( ) e This is the reason for calling Z the partition function : it encodes how the probabilities are partitioned among the different microstates, based on their individual energies. The letter Z stands for the German word Zustandssumme, sum over states. (Wikipedia ) exp Z Zustandsumme

5 08 p Z(T ) g() exp (4 99) log Z Z(T ) Z(T ) g() exp g() exp P () (4 00) P () log Z (4 0) C v x P (x) A(x) average A A(x)P (x) x variance (A A ) A A C v (4 0) (4 0) C v C v log Z + T log Z(T ) log Z ( + T Z(T ) ) Z(T ) + Z(T ) Z(T ) (4 03) (4 99) Z(T ) T T g() exp Z(T ) + C v ( + ) g() exp ( ) g() exp (4 04) ( ) (4 05) (4 05) (4 95) g exp g exp k B T k B T T g exp g exp k B T k B T g exp g exp k B T k B T

6 08 p. 33 g() critical point (4 05) web ( 47) Z(T ) g() exp 5/ πm 3/ V exp h 3 5/ πm 3/ V h 3 d exp 0 5/ πm 3/ V π h 3 (k BT ) 3/ ( ) 3/ πm V ( ) 3/ (4 06) h 0 xe ax dx π a a log Z 3 log(k BT ) 3 k BT (4 07) Schrödinger

7 08 p ( 5) Z(T ) πn N exp Nµ B +NµB d NµB πn N exp Nµ B +NµB πn N d exp NµB exp exp Nµ B (4 08) ( 5) N N up g() N up Z(T ) N N up0 N! N up!(n N up )! exp µbn up + µb(n N up ) e µb + e µb e µb + e µb N N cosh N ( µb e µb + e µb ) e µb + e µb log Z ( NµB ( µb NµB tanh ) sinh µb cosh µb ) (4 09) (4 0) C v N(µB) ( ) (4 ) cosh µb N 4 7 µb 0.8 k B hyperbolic functions sinh(x) e x e x cosh(x) e x + e x tanh(x) sinh(x) cosh(x) cosh (x) sinh (x) d sinh(x) dx cosh(x) d cosh(x) dx sinh(x) d dx tanh(x) cosh (x) Kittel p. 50 ±µb Schottky Schottky Walter Schottky ( )

8 08 p. 35 nergy /NµB Heat Capacity Cv/NkB Independent Spins under Magnetic Field Temperature kbt/µb Temperature kbt/µb 4 7: 4.8 () Boltzmann exp () T g() exp g() (3) Z(T ) Z(T ) g() exp

9 08 p. 36 ω ( n n + ) hω n 0,,,... T h ω 0 ( ) + Z(T ) exp n k BT n0 exp h ω + exp nh ω k BT k BT x < x n x n0 h ω n0 tanh ( h ω ) nergy /hω Quantum Harmonic Oscillator T Temperature kbt/hω kbt kbt k BT T + k B <> Cv Heat Capacity Cv/kB

10 08 p. 37 O N j j(j + )ϵ 0 j 0,,,... (4 ) g(j) j + (4 3) ϵ 0 () () k BT ϵ 0 (3) (4) k BT ϵ 0 j 0 j j (5) Fortran C jg(j) exp j Z(T ) (4 4) C v (4 5) k BT T exp j k B δ T δ 0 (6) 4 8 ϵ 0/k B (7) Heat Capacity Cv/kB Diatomic Rigid Rotor Temperature kbt / ε0 #include <stdio.h> #include <math.h> #define delta e- double partition(double t) { double sum0.0; double p; int j0; do { p(*j+)*exp(-j*(j+)/t); sum+p; j++; } while (p>delta); return sum; } // int main( ) { double temperature; } scanf("%lf",&temperature); printf("%f\n",partition(temperature)); return 0; program main double precision temperature read(*,*) temperature write(*,*) partition(temperature) end c double precision function partition(t) parameter (deltae-) double precision t,sum,p integer j sum0.0 j0 continue p(*j+)*exp(-j*(j+)/t) sumsum+p jj+ if (p.gt.delta) goto partitionsum end 4 8: C Fortran

11 08 p ( ) L (L x, L y, L z) L x yp z zp y L y zp x xp z L z xp y yp x p (p x, p y, p z) h ( ) L x y i z z y L y ( z i x x ) z ( ) L z x i y y x L ± L x ± il y L +L L L + L z L zl + L +L z L + L zl L L z L L L ± L ±L 0 L L z L zl 0 L L z L L z L L L + + L z + L z ( ) x r sin θ cos ϕ y r sin θ sin ϕ z r cos θ L z i ϕ L z Ψ(r, θ, ϕ) Ψ f(r, θ) expil zϕ l z L z Ψ ϕ l z m 0, ±, ±,...

12 08 p. 39 Ψ m L l L zl ±Ψ m (L ±L z ± L ±) Ψ m (m ± )L ±Ψ m L ±Ψ m L z m ± m l z l m M L +Ψ M 0 (*) L L +Ψ M 0 ( L L z L z ) ΨM 0 L Ψ M M(M + )Ψ M Ψ M L M(M + ) L Ψ M, Ψ M,..., Ψ M+, Ψ M L L ± L M 0,,,... () L M(M + ) () L (M + ) (3) L z L z h M(M + ) (M + ) I I

2009 I 2 II III 14, 15, α β α β l 0 l l l l γ (1) γ = αβ (2) α β n n cos 2k n n π sin 2k n π k=1 k=1 3. a 0, a 1,..., a n α a

2009 I 2 II III 14, 15, α β α β l 0 l l l l γ (1) γ = αβ (2) α β n n cos 2k n n π sin 2k n π k=1 k=1 3. a 0, a 1,..., a n α a 009 I II III 4, 5, 6 4 30. 0 α β α β l 0 l l l l γ ) γ αβ ) α β. n n cos k n n π sin k n π k k 3. a 0, a,..., a n α a 0 + a x + a x + + a n x n 0 ᾱ 4. [a, b] f y fx) y x 5. ) Arcsin 4) Arccos ) ) Arcsin

More information

211 kotaro@math.titech.ac.jp 1 R *1 n n R n *2 R n = {(x 1,..., x n ) x 1,..., x n R}. R R 2 R 3 R n R n R n D D R n *3 ) (x 1,..., x n ) f(x 1,..., x n ) f D *4 n 2 n = 1 ( ) 1 f D R n f : D R 1.1. (x,

More information

I A A441 : April 21, 2014 Version : Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotaka ) Google

I A A441 : April 21, 2014 Version : Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotaka ) Google I4 - : April, 4 Version :. Kwhir, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotk) Google http://www.mth.ngoy-u.c.jp/~kwhir/courses/4s-biseki.html pdf 4 4 4 4 8 e 5 5 9 etc. 5 6 6 6 9 n etc. 6 6 6 3 6 3 7 7 etc 7 4 7 7 8 5 59

More information

30

30 3 ............................................2 2...........................................2....................................2.2...................................2.3..............................

More information

Gmech08.dvi

Gmech08.dvi 63 6 6.1 6.1.1 v = v 0 =v 0x,v 0y, 0) t =0 x 0,y 0, 0) t x x 0 + v 0x t v x v 0x = y = y 0 + v 0y t, v = v y = v 0y 6.1) z 0 0 v z yv z zv y zv x xv z xv y yv x = 0 0 x 0 v 0y y 0 v 0x 6.) 6.) 6.1) 6.)

More information

all.dvi

all.dvi fortran 1996 4 18 2007 6 11 2012 11 12 1 3 1.1..................................... 3 1.2.............................. 3 2 fortran I 5 2.1 write................................ 5 2.2.................................

More information

S I. dy fx x fx y fx + C 3 C dy fx 4 x, y dy v C xt y C v e kt k > xt yt gt [ v dt dt v e kt xt v e kt + C k x v + C C k xt v k 3 r r + dr e kt S dt d

S I. dy fx x fx y fx + C 3 C dy fx 4 x, y dy v C xt y C v e kt k > xt yt gt [ v dt dt v e kt xt v e kt + C k x v + C C k xt v k 3 r r + dr e kt S dt d S I.. http://ayapin.film.s.dendai.ac.jp/~matuda /TeX/lecture.html PDF PS.................................... 3.3.................... 9.4................5.............. 3 5. Laplace................. 5....

More information

2 G(k) e ikx = (ik) n x n n! n=0 (k ) ( ) X n = ( i) n n k n G(k) k=0 F (k) ln G(k) = ln e ikx n κ n F (k) = F (k) (ik) n n= n! κ n κ n = ( i) n n k n

2 G(k) e ikx = (ik) n x n n! n=0 (k ) ( ) X n = ( i) n n k n G(k) k=0 F (k) ln G(k) = ln e ikx n κ n F (k) = F (k) (ik) n n= n! κ n κ n = ( i) n n k n . X {x, x 2, x 3,... x n } X X {, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} X x i P i. 0 P i 2. n P i = 3. P (i ω) = i ω P i P 3 {x, x 2, x 3,... x n } ω P i = 6 X f(x) f(x) X n n f(x i )P i n x n i P i X n 2 G(k) e ikx = (ik) n

More information

V(x) m e V 0 cos x π x π V(x) = x < π, x > π V 0 (i) x = 0 (V(x) V 0 (1 x 2 /2)) n n d 2 f dξ 2ξ d f 2 dξ + 2n f = 0 H n (ξ) (ii) H

V(x) m e V 0 cos x π x π V(x) = x < π, x > π V 0 (i) x = 0 (V(x) V 0 (1 x 2 /2)) n n d 2 f dξ 2ξ d f 2 dξ + 2n f = 0 H n (ξ) (ii) H 199 1 1 199 1 1. Vx) m e V cos x π x π Vx) = x < π, x > π V i) x = Vx) V 1 x /)) n n d f dξ ξ d f dξ + n f = H n ξ) ii) H n ξ) = 1) n expξ ) dn dξ n exp ξ )) H n ξ)h m ξ) exp ξ )dξ = π n n!δ n,m x = Vx)

More information

Maxwell

Maxwell I 2018 12 13 0 4 1 6 1.1............................ 6 1.2 Maxwell......................... 8 1.3.......................... 9 1.4..................... 11 1.5..................... 12 2 13 2.1...................

More information

master.dvi

master.dvi 4 Maxwell- Boltzmann N 1 4.1 T R R 5 R (Heat Reservor) S E R 20 E 4.2 E E R E t = E + E R E R Ω R (E R ) S R (E R ) Ω R (E R ) = exp[s R (E R )/k] E, E E, E E t E E t E exps R (E t E) exp S R (E t E )

More information

4. ϵ(ν, T ) = c 4 u(ν, T ) ϵ(ν, T ) T ν π4 Planck dx = 0 e x 1 15 U(T ) x 3 U(T ) = σt 4 Stefan-Boltzmann σ 2π5 k 4 15c 2 h 3 = W m 2 K 4 5.

4. ϵ(ν, T ) = c 4 u(ν, T ) ϵ(ν, T ) T ν π4 Planck dx = 0 e x 1 15 U(T ) x 3 U(T ) = σt 4 Stefan-Boltzmann σ 2π5 k 4 15c 2 h 3 = W m 2 K 4 5. A 1. Boltzmann Planck u(ν, T )dν = 8πh ν 3 c 3 kt 1 dν h 6.63 10 34 J s Planck k 1.38 10 23 J K 1 Boltzmann u(ν, T ) T ν e hν c = 3 10 8 m s 1 2. Planck λ = c/ν Rayleigh-Jeans u(ν, T )dν = 8πν2 kt dν c

More information

S I. dy fx x fx y fx + C 3 C vt dy fx 4 x, y dy yt gt + Ct + C dt v e kt xt v e kt + C k x v k + C C xt v k 3 r r + dr e kt S Sr πr dt d v } dt k e kt

S I. dy fx x fx y fx + C 3 C vt dy fx 4 x, y dy yt gt + Ct + C dt v e kt xt v e kt + C k x v k + C C xt v k 3 r r + dr e kt S Sr πr dt d v } dt k e kt S I. x yx y y, y,. F x, y, y, y,, y n http://ayapin.film.s.dendai.ac.jp/~matuda n /TeX/lecture.html PDF PS yx.................................... 3.3.................... 9.4................5..............

More information

II No.01 [n/2] [1]H n (x) H n (x) = ( 1) r n! r!(n 2r)! (2x)n 2r. r=0 [2]H n (x) n,, H n ( x) = ( 1) n H n (x). [3] H n (x) = ( 1) n dn x2 e dx n e x2

II No.01 [n/2] [1]H n (x) H n (x) = ( 1) r n! r!(n 2r)! (2x)n 2r. r=0 [2]H n (x) n,, H n ( x) = ( 1) n H n (x). [3] H n (x) = ( 1) n dn x2 e dx n e x2 II No.1 [n/] [1]H n x) H n x) = 1) r n! r!n r)! x)n r r= []H n x) n,, H n x) = 1) n H n x) [3] H n x) = 1) n dn x e dx n e x [4] H n+1 x) = xh n x) nh n 1 x) ) d dx x H n x) = H n+1 x) d dx H nx) = nh

More information

num3.dvi

num3.dvi kanenko@mbk.nifty.com http://kanenko.a.la9.jp/ ,, ( ) Taylor. ( 1) i )x 2i+1 sinx = (2i+1)! i=0 S=0.0D0 T=X; /* */ DO 100 I=1,N S=S+T /* */ T=-T*X*X/(I+I+2)/(I+I+3) /* */ 100 CONTINUE. S=S+(-1)**I*X**(2*i+1)/KAIJO(2*I+1).

More information

e a b a b b a a a 1 a a 1 = a 1 a = e G G G : x ( x =, 8, 1 ) x 1,, 60 θ, ϕ ψ θ G G H H G x. n n 1 n 1 n σ = (σ 1, σ,..., σ N ) i σ i i n S n n = 1,,

e a b a b b a a a 1 a a 1 = a 1 a = e G G G : x ( x =, 8, 1 ) x 1,, 60 θ, ϕ ψ θ G G H H G x. n n 1 n 1 n σ = (σ 1, σ,..., σ N ) i σ i i n S n n = 1,, 01 10 18 ( ) 1 6 6 1 8 8 1 6 1 0 0 0 0 1 Table 1: 10 0 8 180 1 1 1. ( : 60 60 ) : 1. 1 e a b a b b a a a 1 a a 1 = a 1 a = e G G G : x ( x =, 8, 1 ) x 1,, 60 θ, ϕ ψ θ G G H H G x. n n 1 n 1 n σ = (σ 1,

More information

, 1 ( f n (x))dx d dx ( f n (x)) 1 f n (x)dx d dx f n(x) lim f n (x) = [, 1] x f n (x) = n x x 1 f n (x) = x f n (x) = x 1 x n n f n(x) = [, 1] f n (x

, 1 ( f n (x))dx d dx ( f n (x)) 1 f n (x)dx d dx f n(x) lim f n (x) = [, 1] x f n (x) = n x x 1 f n (x) = x f n (x) = x 1 x n n f n(x) = [, 1] f n (x 1 1.1 4n 2 x, x 1 2n f n (x) = 4n 2 ( 1 x), 1 x 1 n 2n n, 1 x n n 1 1 f n (x)dx = 1, n = 1, 2,.. 1 lim 1 lim 1 f n (x)dx = 1 lim f n(x) = ( lim f n (x))dx = f n (x)dx 1 ( lim f n (x))dx d dx ( lim f d

More information

fx-260A_Users Guide_J

fx-260A_Users Guide_J fx-260a http://edu.casio.jp J 1 5 2 Fl SD F0 COMP F4 DEG F5 RAD F6 GRA 3 F7 FIX F8 SCI F9 NORM COMP DEG, RAD, GRA COMP SD F0 SD SC FIX F9 SD DEG, RAD, GRA t SD COMP DEG RAD GRA COMP 23 4.5 53 23 + 4.5,

More information

18 2 F 12 r 2 r 1 (3) Coulomb km Coulomb M = kg F G = ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 = [N]. Coulomb

18 2 F 12 r 2 r 1 (3) Coulomb km Coulomb M = kg F G = ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 = [N]. Coulomb r 1 r 2 r 1 r 2 2 Coulomb Gauss Coulomb 2.1 Coulomb 1 2 r 1 r 2 1 2 F 12 2 1 F 21 F 12 = F 21 = 1 4πε 0 1 2 r 1 r 2 2 r 1 r 2 r 1 r 2 (2.1) Coulomb ε 0 = 107 4πc 2 =8.854 187 817 10 12 C 2 N 1 m 2 (2.2)

More information

. sinh x sinh x) = e x e x = ex e x = sinh x 3) y = cosh x, y = sinh x y = e x, y = e x 6 sinhx) coshx) 4 y-axis x-axis : y = cosh x, y = s

. sinh x sinh x) = e x e x = ex e x = sinh x 3) y = cosh x, y = sinh x y = e x, y = e x 6 sinhx) coshx) 4 y-axis x-axis : y = cosh x, y = s . 00 3 9 [] sinh x = ex e x, cosh x = ex + e x ) sinh cosh 4 hyperbolic) hyperbola) = 3 cosh x cosh x) = e x + e x = cosh x ) . sinh x sinh x) = e x e x = ex e x = sinh x 3) y = cosh x, y = sinh x y =

More information

QMI_10.dvi

QMI_10.dvi 25 3 19 Erwin Schrödinger 1925 3.1 3.1.1 σ τ x u u x t ux, t) u 3.1 t x P ux, t) Q θ P Q Δx x + Δx Q P ux + Δx, t) Q θ P u+δu x u x σ τ P x) Q x+δx) P Q x 3.1: θ P θ Q P Q equation of motion P τ Q τ σδx

More information

QMI_09.dvi

QMI_09.dvi 25 3 19 Erwin Schrödinger 1925 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 σ τ 2 2 ux, t) = ux, t) 3.1) 2 x2 ux, t) σ τ 2 u/ 2 m p E E = p2 3.2) E ν ω E = hν = hω. 3.3) k p k = p h. 3.4) 26 3 hω = E = p2 = h2 k 2 ψkx ωt) ψ 3.5) h

More information

磁性物理学 - 遷移金属化合物磁性のスピンゆらぎ理論

磁性物理学 - 遷移金属化合物磁性のスピンゆらぎ理論 email: takahash@sci.u-hyogo.ac.jp May 14, 2009 Outline 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 2 / 262 Today s Lecture: Mode-mode Coupling Theory 100 / 262 Part I Effects of Non-linear Mode-Mode Coupling Effects of Non-linear

More information

1. A0 A B A0 A : A1,...,A5 B : B1,...,B

1. A0 A B A0 A : A1,...,A5 B : B1,...,B 1. A0 A B A0 A : A1,...,A5 B : B1,...,B12 2. 3. 4. 5. A0 A, B Z Z m, n Z m n m, n A m, n B m=n (1) A, B (2) A B = A B = Z/ π : Z Z/ (3) A B Z/ (4) Z/ A, B (5) f : Z Z f(n) = n f = g π g : Z/ Z A, B (6)

More information

num2.dvi

num2.dvi kanenko@mbk.nifty.com http://kanenko.a.la9.jp/ 16 32...... h 0 h = ε () 0 ( ) 0 1 IEEE754 (ieee754.c Kerosoft Ltd.!) 1 2 : OS! : WindowsXP ( ) : X Window xcalc.. (,.) C double 10,??? 3 :, ( ) : BASIC,

More information

r d 2r d l d (a) (b) (c) 1: I(x,t) I(x+ x,t) I(0,t) I(l,t) V in V(x,t) V(x+ x,t) V(0,t) l V(l,t) 2: 0 x x+ x 3: V in 3 V in x V (x, t) I(x, t

r d 2r d l d (a) (b) (c) 1: I(x,t) I(x+ x,t) I(0,t) I(l,t) V in V(x,t) V(x+ x,t) V(0,t) l V(l,t) 2: 0 x x+ x 3: V in 3 V in x V (x, t) I(x, t 1 1 2 2 2r d 2r d l d (a) (b) (c) 1: I(x,t) I(x+ x,t) I(0,t) I(l,t) V in V(x,t) V(x+ x,t) V(0,t) l V(l,t) 2: 0 x x+ x 3: V in 3 V in x V (x, t) I(x, t) V (x, t) I(x, t) V in x t 3 4 1 L R 2 C G L 0 R 0

More information

[ ] (Ising model) 2 i S i S i = 1 (up spin : ) = 1 (down spin : ) (4.38) s z = ±1 4 H 0 = J zn/2 i,j S i S j (4.39) i, j z 5 2 z = 4 z = 6 3

[ ] (Ising model) 2 i S i S i = 1 (up spin : ) = 1 (down spin : ) (4.38) s z = ±1 4 H 0 = J zn/2 i,j S i S j (4.39) i, j z 5 2 z = 4 z = 6 3 4.2 4.2.1 [ ] (Ising model) 2 i S i S i = 1 (up spin : ) = 1 (down spin : ) (4.38) s z = ±1 4 H 0 = J zn/2 S i S j (4.39) i, j z 5 2 z = 4 z = 6 3 z = 6 z = 8 zn/2 1 2 N i z nearest neighbors of i j=1

More information

i

i i 3 4 4 7 5 6 3 ( ).. () 3 () (3) (4) /. 3. 4/3 7. /e 8. a > a, a = /, > a >. () a >, a =, > a > () a > b, a = b, a < b. c c n a n + b n + c n 3c n..... () /3 () + (3) / (4) /4 (5) m > n, a b >, m > n,

More information

p = mv p x > h/4π λ = h p m v Ψ 2 Ψ

p = mv p x > h/4π λ = h p m v Ψ 2 Ψ II p = mv p x > h/4π λ = h p m v Ψ 2 Ψ Ψ Ψ 2 0 x P'(x) m d 2 x = mω 2 x = kx = F(x) dt 2 x = cos(ωt + φ) mω 2 = k ω = m k v = dx = -ωsin(ωt + φ) dt = d 2 x dt 2 0 y v θ P(x,y) θ = ωt + φ ν = ω [Hz] 2π

More information

φ 4 Minimal subtraction scheme 2-loop ε 2008 (University of Tokyo) (Atsuo Kuniba) version 21/Apr/ Formulas Γ( n + ɛ) = ( 1)n (1 n! ɛ + ψ(n + 1)

φ 4 Minimal subtraction scheme 2-loop ε 2008 (University of Tokyo) (Atsuo Kuniba) version 21/Apr/ Formulas Γ( n + ɛ) = ( 1)n (1 n! ɛ + ψ(n + 1) φ 4 Minimal subtraction scheme 2-loop ε 28 University of Tokyo Atsuo Kuniba version 2/Apr/28 Formulas Γ n + ɛ = n n! ɛ + ψn + + Oɛ n =,, 2, ψn + = + 2 + + γ, 2 n ψ = γ =.5772... Euler const, log + ax x

More information

#A A A F, F d F P + F P = d P F, F y P F F x A.1 ( α, 0), (α, 0) α > 0) (x, y) (x + α) 2 + y 2, (x α) 2 + y 2 d (x + α)2 + y 2 + (x α) 2 + y 2 =

#A A A F, F d F P + F P = d P F, F y P F F x A.1 ( α, 0), (α, 0) α > 0) (x, y) (x + α) 2 + y 2, (x α) 2 + y 2 d (x + α)2 + y 2 + (x α) 2 + y 2 = #A A A. F, F d F P + F P = d P F, F P F F A. α, 0, α, 0 α > 0, + α +, α + d + α + + α + = d d F, F 0 < α < d + α + = d α + + α + = d d α + + α + d α + = d 4 4d α + = d 4 8d + 6 http://mth.cs.kitmi-it.c.jp/

More information

( ; ) C. H. Scholz, The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting : - ( ) σ = σ t sin 2π(r a) λ dσ d(r a) =

( ; ) C. H. Scholz, The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting : - ( ) σ = σ t sin 2π(r a) λ dσ d(r a) = 1 9 8 1 1 1 ; 1 11 16 C. H. Scholz, The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting 1. 1.1 1.1.1 : - σ = σ t sin πr a λ dσ dr a = E a = π λ σ πr a t cos λ 1 r a/λ 1 cos 1 E: σ t = Eλ πa a λ E/π γ : λ/ 3 γ =

More information

H.Haken Synergetics 2nd (1978)

H.Haken Synergetics 2nd (1978) 27 3 27 ) Ising Landau Synergetics Fokker-Planck F-P Landau F-P Gizburg-Landau G-L G-L Bénard/ Hopfield H.Haken Synergetics 2nd (1978) (1) Ising m T T C 1: m h Hamiltonian H = J ij S i S j h i S

More information

I ( ) 1 de Broglie 1 (de Broglie) p λ k h Planck ( Js) p = h λ = k (1) h 2π : Dirac k B Boltzmann ( J/K) T U = 3 2 k BT

I ( ) 1 de Broglie 1 (de Broglie) p λ k h Planck ( Js) p = h λ = k (1) h 2π : Dirac k B Boltzmann ( J/K) T U = 3 2 k BT I (008 4 0 de Broglie (de Broglie p λ k h Planck ( 6.63 0 34 Js p = h λ = k ( h π : Dirac k B Boltzmann (.38 0 3 J/K T U = 3 k BT ( = λ m k B T h m = 0.067m 0 m 0 = 9. 0 3 kg GaAs( a T = 300 K 3 fg 07345

More information

ii p ϕ x, t = C ϕ xe i ħ E t +C ϕ xe i ħ E t ψ x,t ψ x,t p79 やは時間変化しないことに注意 振動 粒子はだいたい このあたりにいる 粒子はだいたい このあたりにいる p35 D.3 Aψ Cϕdx = aψ ψ C Aϕ dx

ii p ϕ x, t = C ϕ xe i ħ E t +C ϕ xe i ħ E t ψ x,t ψ x,t p79 やは時間変化しないことに注意 振動 粒子はだいたい このあたりにいる 粒子はだいたい このあたりにいる p35 D.3 Aψ Cϕdx = aψ ψ C Aϕ dx i B5 7.8. p89 4. ψ x, tψx, t = ψ R x, t iψ I x, t ψ R x, t + iψ I x, t = ψ R x, t + ψ I x, t p 5.8 π π π F e ix + F e ix + F 3 e 3ix F e ix + F e ix + F 3 e 3ix dx πψ x πψx p39 7. AX = X A [ a b c d x

More information

x () g(x) = f(t) dt f(x), F (x) 3x () g(x) g (x) f(x), F (x) (3) h(x) = x 3x tf(t) dt.9 = {(x, y) ; x, y, x + y } f(x, y) = xy( x y). h (x) f(x), F (x

x () g(x) = f(t) dt f(x), F (x) 3x () g(x) g (x) f(x), F (x) (3) h(x) = x 3x tf(t) dt.9 = {(x, y) ; x, y, x + y } f(x, y) = xy( x y). h (x) f(x), F (x [ ] IC. f(x) = e x () f(x) f (x) () lim f(x) lim f(x) x + x (3) lim f(x) lim f(x) x + x (4) y = f(x) ( ) ( s46). < a < () a () lim a log xdx a log xdx ( ) n (3) lim log k log n n n k=.3 z = log(x + y ),

More information

RIMS98R2.dvi

RIMS98R2.dvi RIMS Kokyuroku, vol.084, (999), 45 59. Euler Fourier Euler Fourier S = ( ) n f(n) = e in f(n) (.) I = 0 e ix f(x) dx (.2) Euler Fourier Fourier Euler Euler Fourier Euler Euler Fourier Fourier [5], [6]

More information

基礎数学I

基礎数学I I & II ii ii........... 22................. 25 12............... 28.................. 28.................... 31............. 32.................. 34 3 1 9.................... 1....................... 1............

More information

pdf

pdf http://www.ns.kogakuin.ac.jp/~ft13389/lecture/physics1a2b/ pdf I 1 1 1.1 ( ) 1. 30 m µm 2. 20 cm km 3. 10 m 2 cm 2 4. 5 cm 3 km 3 5. 1 6. 1 7. 1 1.2 ( ) 1. 1 m + 10 cm 2. 1 hr + 6400 sec 3. 3.0 10 5 kg

More information

85 4

85 4 85 4 86 Copright c 005 Kumanekosha 4.1 ( ) ( t ) t, t 4.1.1 t Step! (Step 1) (, 0) (Step ) ±V t (, t) I Check! P P V t π 54 t = 0 + V (, t) π θ : = θ : π ) θ = π ± sin ± cos t = 0 (, 0) = sin π V + t +V

More information

1. (8) (1) (x + y) + (x + y) = 0 () (x + y ) 5xy = 0 (3) (x y + 3y 3 ) (x 3 + xy ) = 0 (4) x tan y x y + x = 0 (5) x = y + x + y (6) = x + y 1 x y 3 (

1. (8) (1) (x + y) + (x + y) = 0 () (x + y ) 5xy = 0 (3) (x y + 3y 3 ) (x 3 + xy ) = 0 (4) x tan y x y + x = 0 (5) x = y + x + y (6) = x + y 1 x y 3 ( 1 1.1 (1) (1 + x) + (1 + y) = 0 () x + y = 0 (3) xy = x (4) x(y + 3) + y(y + 3) = 0 (5) (a + y ) = x ax a (6) x y 1 + y x 1 = 0 (7) cos x + sin x cos y = 0 (8) = tan y tan x (9) = (y 1) tan x (10) (1 +

More information

9 1. (Ti:Al 2 O 3 ) (DCM) (Cr:Al 2 O 3 ) (Cr:BeAl 2 O 4 ) Ĥ0 ψ n (r) ω n Schrödinger Ĥ 0 ψ n (r) = ω n ψ n (r), (1) ω i ψ (r, t) = [Ĥ0 + Ĥint (

9 1. (Ti:Al 2 O 3 ) (DCM) (Cr:Al 2 O 3 ) (Cr:BeAl 2 O 4 ) Ĥ0 ψ n (r) ω n Schrödinger Ĥ 0 ψ n (r) = ω n ψ n (r), (1) ω i ψ (r, t) = [Ĥ0 + Ĥint ( 9 1. (Ti:Al 2 O 3 ) (DCM) (Cr:Al 2 O 3 ) (Cr:BeAl 2 O 4 ) 2. 2.1 Ĥ ψ n (r) ω n Schrödinger Ĥ ψ n (r) = ω n ψ n (r), (1) ω i ψ (r, t) = [Ĥ + Ĥint (t)] ψ (r, t), (2) Ĥ int (t) = eˆxe cos ωt ˆdE cos ωt, (3)

More information

() x + y + y + x dy dx = 0 () dy + xy = x dx y + x y ( 5) ( s55906) 0.7. (). 5 (). ( 6) ( s6590) 0.8 m n. 0.9 n n A. ( 6) ( s6590) f A (λ) = det(a λi)

() x + y + y + x dy dx = 0 () dy + xy = x dx y + x y ( 5) ( s55906) 0.7. (). 5 (). ( 6) ( s6590) 0.8 m n. 0.9 n n A. ( 6) ( s6590) f A (λ) = det(a λi) 0. A A = 4 IC () det A () A () x + y + z = x y z X Y Z = A x y z ( 5) ( s5590) 0. a + b + c b c () a a + b + c c a b a + b + c 0 a b c () a 0 c b b c 0 a c b a 0 0. A A = 7 5 4 5 0 ( 5) ( s5590) () A ()

More information

( )

( ) 7..-8..8.......................................................................... 4.................................... 3...................................... 3..3.................................. 4.3....................................

More information

IA

IA IA 31 4 11 1 1 4 1.1 Planck.............................. 4 1. Bohr.................................... 5 1.3..................................... 6 8.1................................... 8....................................

More information

1 3 1.1.......................... 3 1............................... 3 1.3....................... 5 1.4.......................... 6 1.5........................ 7 8.1......................... 8..............................

More information

i Γ

i Γ 018 4 10 i 1 1.1.............................. 1.......................... 3 1.3............................ 6 1.4............................ 7 8.1 Γ.................................... 8.......................

More information

(MRI) 10. (MRI) (MRI) : (NMR) ( 1 H) MRI ρ H (x,y,z) NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectrometry: NMR NMR s( B ) m m = µ 0 IA = γ J (1) γ: :Planck c

(MRI) 10. (MRI) (MRI) : (NMR) ( 1 H) MRI ρ H (x,y,z) NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectrometry: NMR NMR s( B ) m m = µ 0 IA = γ J (1) γ: :Planck c 10. : (NMR) ( 1 H) MRI ρ H (x,y,z) NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectrometry: NMR NMR s( B ) m m = µ 0 IA = γ J (1) γ: :Planck constant J: Ĵ 2 = J(J +1),Ĵz = J J: (J = 1 2 for 1 H) I m A 173/197 10.1

More information

B ver B

B ver B B ver. 2017.02.24 B Contents 1 11 1.1....................... 11 1.1.1............. 11 1.1.2.......................... 12 1.2............................. 14 1.2.1................ 14 1.2.2.......................

More information

1

1 1 1.. ( ) ( ) ( ) (A) E icb φ Et = + cdiva ct (H3) (B) ( ) ct ct ' ctct ' + ' = ' ct ' + ct ' i( ') (H3,H18) 3 (i) cosh Ψ = cosh ΘcoshΩ sinhψ sinhθ sinhω cosh Ψ cosh Θ cosh Ω = sinhψ sinhθ sinhω tanhψ

More information

1 variation 1.1 imension unit L m M kg T s Q C QT 1 A = C s 1 MKSA F = ma N N = kg m s 1.1 J E = 1 mv W = F x J = kg m s 1 = N m 1.

1 variation 1.1 imension unit L m M kg T s Q C QT 1 A = C s 1 MKSA F = ma N N = kg m s 1.1 J E = 1 mv W = F x J = kg m s 1 = N m 1. 1.1 1. 1.3.1..3.4 3.1 3. 3.3 4.1 4. 4.3 5.1 5. 5.3 6.1 6. 6.3 7.1 7. 7.3 1 1 variation 1.1 imension unit L m M kg T s Q C QT 1 A = C s 1 MKSA F = ma N N = kg m s 1.1 J E = 1 mv W = F x J = kg m s 1 = N

More information

I-2 (100 ) (1) y(x) y dy dx y d2 y dx 2 (a) y + 2y 3y = 9e 2x (b) x 2 y 6y = 5x 4 (2) Bernoulli B n (n = 0, 1, 2,...) x e x 1 = n=0 B 0 B 1 B 2 (3) co

I-2 (100 ) (1) y(x) y dy dx y d2 y dx 2 (a) y + 2y 3y = 9e 2x (b) x 2 y 6y = 5x 4 (2) Bernoulli B n (n = 0, 1, 2,...) x e x 1 = n=0 B 0 B 1 B 2 (3) co 16 I ( ) (1) I-1 I-2 I-3 (2) I-1 ( ) (100 ) 2l x x = 0 y t y(x, t) y(±l, t) = 0 m T g y(x, t) l y(x, t) c = 2 y(x, t) c 2 2 y(x, t) = g (A) t 2 x 2 T/m (1) y 0 (x) y 0 (x) = g c 2 (l2 x 2 ) (B) (2) (1)

More information

) ] [ h m x + y + + V x) φ = Eφ 1) z E = i h t 13) x << 1) N n n= = N N + 1) 14) N n n= = N N + 1)N + 1) 6 15) N n 3 n= = 1 4 N N + 1) 16) N n 4

) ] [ h m x + y + + V x) φ = Eφ 1) z E = i h t 13) x << 1) N n n= = N N + 1) 14) N n n= = N N + 1)N + 1) 6 15) N n 3 n= = 1 4 N N + 1) 16) N n 4 1. k λ ν ω T v p v g k = π λ ω = πν = π T v p = λν = ω k v g = dω dk 1) ) 3) 4). p = hk = h λ 5) E = hν = hω 6) h = h π 7) h =6.6618 1 34 J sec) hc=197.3 MeV fm = 197.3 kev pm= 197.3 ev nm = 1.97 1 3 ev

More information

0 ϕ ( ) (x) 0 ϕ (+) (x)ϕ d 3 ( ) (y) 0 pd 3 q (2π) 6 a p a qe ipx e iqy 0 2Ep 2Eq d 3 pd 3 q 0 (2π) 6 [a p, a q]e ipx e iqy 0 2Ep 2Eq d 3 pd 3 q (2π)

0 ϕ ( ) (x) 0 ϕ (+) (x)ϕ d 3 ( ) (y) 0 pd 3 q (2π) 6 a p a qe ipx e iqy 0 2Ep 2Eq d 3 pd 3 q 0 (2π) 6 [a p, a q]e ipx e iqy 0 2Ep 2Eq d 3 pd 3 q (2π) ( ) 2 S 3 ( ) ( ) 0 O 0 O ( ) O ϕ(x) ϕ (x) d 3 p (2π) 3 2Ep (a p e ipx + b pe +ipx ) ϕ (+) (x) + ϕ ( ) (x) d 3 p (2π) 3 2Ep (a pe +ipx + b p e ipx ) ϕ ( ) (x) + ϕ (+) (x) (px p 0 x 0 p x E p t p x, E p

More information

Chebyshev Schrödinger Heisenberg H = 1 2m p2 + V (x), m = 1, h = 1 1/36 1 V (x) = { 0 (0 < x < L) (otherwise) ψ n (x) = 2 L sin (n + 1)π x L, n = 0, 1, 2,... Feynman K (a, b; T ) = e i EnT/ h ψ n (a)ψ

More information

36 3 D f(z) D z f(z) z Taylor z D C f(z) z C C f (z) C f(z) f (z) f(z) D C D D z C C 3.: f(z) 3. f (z) f 2 (z) D D D D D f (z) f 2 (z) D D f (z) f 2 (

36 3 D f(z) D z f(z) z Taylor z D C f(z) z C C f (z) C f(z) f (z) f(z) D C D D z C C 3.: f(z) 3. f (z) f 2 (z) D D D D D f (z) f 2 (z) D D f (z) f 2 ( 3 3. D f(z) D D D D D D D D f(z) D f (z) f (z) f(z) D (i) (ii) (iii) f(z) = ( ) n z n = z + z 2 z 3 + n= z < z < z > f (z) = e t(+z) dt Re z> Re z> [ ] f (z) = e t(+z) = (Rez> ) +z +z t= z < f(z) Taylor

More information

di-problem.dvi

di-problem.dvi 005/05/05 by. I : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :. II : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3 3. III : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4 4. : : : : : : : : : :

More information

Kroneher Levi-Civita 1 i = j δ i j = i j 1 if i jk is an even permutation of 1,2,3. ε i jk = 1 if i jk is an odd permutation of 1,2,3. otherwise. 3 4

Kroneher Levi-Civita 1 i = j δ i j = i j 1 if i jk is an even permutation of 1,2,3. ε i jk = 1 if i jk is an odd permutation of 1,2,3. otherwise. 3 4 [2642 ] Yuji Chinone 1 1-1 ρ t + j = 1 1-1 V S ds ds Eq.1 ρ t + j dv = ρ t dv = t V V V ρdv = Q t Q V jdv = j ds V ds V I Q t + j ds = ; S S [ Q t ] + I = Eq.1 2 2 Kroneher Levi-Civita 1 i = j δ i j =

More information

³ÎΨÏÀ

³ÎΨÏÀ 2017 12 12 Makoto Nakashima 2017 12 12 1 / 22 2.1. C, D π- C, D. A 1, A 2 C A 1 A 2 C A 3, A 4 D A 1 A 2 D Makoto Nakashima 2017 12 12 2 / 22 . (,, L p - ). Makoto Nakashima 2017 12 12 3 / 22 . (,, L p

More information

Einstein 1905 Lorentz Maxwell c E p E 2 (pc) 2 = m 2 c 4 (7.1) m E ( ) E p µ =(p 0,p 1,p 2,p 3 )=(p 0, p )= c, p (7.2) x µ =(x 0,x 1,x 2,x

Einstein 1905 Lorentz Maxwell c E p E 2 (pc) 2 = m 2 c 4 (7.1) m E ( ) E p µ =(p 0,p 1,p 2,p 3 )=(p 0, p )= c, p (7.2) x µ =(x 0,x 1,x 2,x 7 7.1 7.1.1 Einstein 1905 Lorentz Maxwell c E p E 2 (pc) 2 = m 2 c 4 (7.1) m E ( ) E p µ =(p 0,p 1,p 2,p 3 )=(p 0, p )= c, p (7.2) x µ =(x 0,x 1,x 2,x 3 )=(x 0, x )=(ct, x ) (7.3) E/c ct K = E mc 2 (7.4)

More information

I

I I 6 4 10 1 1 1.1............... 1 1................ 1 1.3.................... 1.4............... 1.4.1.............. 1.4................. 1.4.3........... 3 1.4.4.. 3 1.5.......... 3 1.5.1..............

More information

Aharonov-Bohm(AB) S 0 1/ 2 1/ 2 S t = 1/ 2 1/2 1/2 1/, (12.1) 2 1/2 1/2 *1 AB ( ) 0 e iθ AB S AB = e iθ, AB 0 θ 2π ϕ = e ϕ (ϕ ) ϕ

Aharonov-Bohm(AB) S 0 1/ 2 1/ 2 S t = 1/ 2 1/2 1/2 1/, (12.1) 2 1/2 1/2 *1 AB ( ) 0 e iθ AB S AB = e iθ, AB 0 θ 2π ϕ = e ϕ (ϕ ) ϕ 1 13 6 8 3.6.3 - Aharonov-BohmAB) S 1/ 1/ S t = 1/ 1/ 1/ 1/, 1.1) 1/ 1/ *1 AB ) e iθ AB S AB = e iθ, AB θ π ϕ = e ϕ ϕ ) ϕ 1.) S S ) e iθ S w = e iθ 1.3) θ θ AB??) S t = 4 sin θ 1 + e iθ AB e iθ AB + e

More information

Design of highly accurate formulas for numerical integration in weighted Hardy spaces with the aid of potential theory 1 Ken ichiro Tanaka 1 Ω R m F I = F (t) dt (1.1) Ω m m 1 m = 1 1 Newton-Cotes Gauss

More information

z f(z) f(z) x, y, u, v, r, θ r > 0 z = x + iy, f = u + iv C γ D f(z) f(z) D f(z) f(z) z, Rm z, z 1.1 z = x + iy = re iθ = r (cos θ + i sin θ) z = x iy

z f(z) f(z) x, y, u, v, r, θ r > 0 z = x + iy, f = u + iv C γ D f(z) f(z) D f(z) f(z) z, Rm z, z 1.1 z = x + iy = re iθ = r (cos θ + i sin θ) z = x iy z fz fz x, y, u, v, r, θ r > z = x + iy, f = u + iv γ D fz fz D fz fz z, Rm z, z. z = x + iy = re iθ = r cos θ + i sin θ z = x iy = re iθ = r cos θ i sin θ x = z + z = Re z, y = z z = Im z i r = z = z

More information

Bessel ( 06/11/21) Bessel 1 ( ) 1.1 0, 1,..., n n J 0 (x), J 1 (x),..., J n (x) I 0 (x), I 1 (x),..., I n (x) Miller (Miller algorithm) Bess

Bessel ( 06/11/21) Bessel 1 ( ) 1.1 0, 1,..., n n J 0 (x), J 1 (x),..., J n (x) I 0 (x), I 1 (x),..., I n (x) Miller (Miller algorithm) Bess Bessel 5 3 11 ( 6/11/1) Bessel 1 ( ) 1.1, 1,..., n n J (x), J 1 (x),..., J n (x) I (x), I 1 (x),..., I n (x) Miller (Miller algorithm) Bessel (6 ) ( ) [1] n n d j J n (x), d j I n (x) Deuflhard j= j=.1

More information

LCR e ix LC AM m k x m x x > 0 x < 0 F x > 0 x < 0 F = k x (k > 0) k x = x(t)

LCR e ix LC AM m k x m x x > 0 x < 0 F x > 0 x < 0 F = k x (k > 0) k x = x(t) 338 7 7.3 LCR 2.4.3 e ix LC AM 7.3.1 7.3.1.1 m k x m x x > 0 x < 0 F x > 0 x < 0 F = k x k > 0 k 5.3.1.1 x = xt 7.3 339 m 2 x t 2 = k x 2 x t 2 = ω 2 0 x ω0 = k m ω 0 1.4.4.3 2 +α 14.9.3.1 5.3.2.1 2 x

More information

微分積分 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. このサンプルページの内容は, 初版 1 刷発行時のものです.

微分積分 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます.   このサンプルページの内容は, 初版 1 刷発行時のものです. 微分積分 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. ttp://www.morikita.co.jp/books/mid/00571 このサンプルページの内容は, 初版 1 刷発行時のものです. i ii 014 10 iii [note] 1 3 iv 4 5 3 6 4 x 0 sin x x 1 5 6 z = f(x, y) 1 y = f(x)

More information

IA hara@math.kyushu-u.ac.jp Last updated: January,......................................................................................................................................................................................

More information

( ) ,

( ) , II 2007 4 0. 0 1 0 2 ( ) 0 3 1 2 3 4, - 5 6 7 1 1 1 1 1) 2) 3) 4) ( ) () H 2.79 10 10 He 2.72 10 9 C 1.01 10 7 N 3.13 10 6 O 2.38 10 7 Ne 3.44 10 6 Mg 1.076 10 6 Si 1 10 6 S 5.15 10 5 Ar 1.01 10 5 Fe 9.00

More information

QMI_10.dvi

QMI_10.dvi ... black body radiation black body black body radiation Gustav Kirchhoff 859 895 W. Wien O.R. Lummer cavity radiation ν ν +dν f T (ν) f T (ν)dν = 8πν2 c 3 kt dν (Rayleigh Jeans) (.) f T (ν) spectral energy

More information

2009 IA 5 I 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, (1) Arcsin 1 ( 2 (4) Arccos 1 ) 2 3 (2) Arcsin( 1) (3) Arccos 2 (5) Arctan 1 (6) Arctan ( 3 ) 3 2. n (1) ta

2009 IA 5 I 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, (1) Arcsin 1 ( 2 (4) Arccos 1 ) 2 3 (2) Arcsin( 1) (3) Arccos 2 (5) Arctan 1 (6) Arctan ( 3 ) 3 2. n (1) ta 009 IA 5 I, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 6 3. () Arcsin ( (4) Arccos ) 3 () Arcsin( ) (3) Arccos (5) Arctan (6) Arctan ( 3 ) 3. n () tan x (nπ π/, nπ + π/) f n (x) f n (x) fn (x) Arctan x () sin x [nπ π/, nπ +π/] g n

More information

II A A441 : October 02, 2014 Version : Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotaka )

II A A441 : October 02, 2014 Version : Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotaka ) II 214-1 : October 2, 214 Version : 1.1 Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotaka ) http://www.math.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~kawahira/courses/14w-biseki.html pdf 1 2 1 9 1 16 1 23 1 3 11 6 11 13 11 2 11 27 12 4 12 11

More information

sim0004.dvi

sim0004.dvi 4 : 1 f(x) Z b a dxf(x) (1) ( Double Exponential method=de ) 1 DE N = n T n h h =(b a)=n T n = b a f(a) +f(b) n f + f(a + j b a n )g n j=1 = b a f(a) +f(b) n f + f(a +j b a )g; n n+1 j=1 T n+1 = b a f(a)

More information

£Ã¥×¥í¥°¥é¥ß¥ó¥°ÆþÌç (2018) - Â裱£²²ó ¡Ý½ÉÂꣲ¤Î²òÀ⡤±é½¬£²¡Ý

£Ã¥×¥í¥°¥é¥ß¥ó¥°ÆþÌç (2018) - Â裱£²²ó  ¡Ý½ÉÂꣲ¤Î²òÀ⡤±é½¬£²¡Ý (2018) 2018 7 5 f(x) [ 1, 1] 3 3 1 3 f(x) dx c i f(x i ) 1 0 i=1 = 5 ) ( ) 3 ( 9 f + 8 5 9 f(0) + 5 3 9 f 5 1 1 + sin(x) θ ( 1 θ dx = tan 1 + sin x 2 π ) + 1 4 1 3 [a, b] f a, b double G3(double (*f)(),

More information

£Ã¥×¥í¥°¥é¥ß¥ó¥°(2018) - Âè11²ó – ½ÉÂꣲ¤Î²òÀ⡤±é½¬£² –

£Ã¥×¥í¥°¥é¥ß¥ó¥°(2018) - Âè11²ó – ½ÉÂꣲ¤Î²òÀ⡤±é½¬£² – (2018) 11 2018 12 13 2 g v dv x dt = bv x, dv y dt = g bv y (1) b v 0 θ x(t) = v 0 cos θ ( 1 e bt) (2) b y(t) = 1 ( v 0 sin θ + g ) ( 1 e bt) g b b b t (3) 11 ( ) p14 2 1 y 4 t m y > 0 y < 0 t m1 h = 0001

More information

( ) sin 1 x, cos 1 x, tan 1 x sin x, cos x, tan x, arcsin x, arccos x, arctan x. π 2 sin 1 x π 2, 0 cos 1 x π, π 2 < tan 1 x < π 2 1 (1) (

( ) sin 1 x, cos 1 x, tan 1 x sin x, cos x, tan x, arcsin x, arccos x, arctan x. π 2 sin 1 x π 2, 0 cos 1 x π, π 2 < tan 1 x < π 2 1 (1) ( 6 20 ( ) sin, cos, tan sin, cos, tan, arcsin, arccos, arctan. π 2 sin π 2, 0 cos π, π 2 < tan < π 2 () ( 2 2 lim 2 ( 2 ) ) 2 = 3 sin (2) lim 5 0 = 2 2 0 0 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 2 5 6 3 5 7 4 5 8 4 9 3 4 a 3 b

More information

2 1 x 2 x 2 = RT 3πηaN A t (1.2) R/N A N A N A = N A m n(z) = n exp ( ) m gz k B T (1.3) z n z = m = m ρgv k B = erg K 1 R =

2 1 x 2 x 2 = RT 3πηaN A t (1.2) R/N A N A N A = N A m n(z) = n exp ( ) m gz k B T (1.3) z n z = m = m ρgv k B = erg K 1 R = 1 1 1.1 1827 *1 195 *2 x 2 t x 2 = 2Dt D RT D = RT N A 1 6πaη (1.1) D N A a η 198 *3 ( a =.212µ) *1 Robert Brown (1773-1858. *2 Albert Einstein (1879-1955 *3 Jean Baptiste Perrin (187-1942 2 1 x 2 x 2

More information

x = a 1 f (a r, a + r) f(a) r a f f(a) 2 2. (a, b) 2 f (a, b) r f(a, b) r (a, b) f f(a, b)

x = a 1 f (a r, a + r) f(a) r a f f(a) 2 2. (a, b) 2 f (a, b) r f(a, b) r (a, b) f f(a, b) 2011 I 2 II III 17, 18, 19 7 7 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1.1.............................. 2 1.2 : 1.................... 4 1.2.1 2............................... 5 1.3 : 2.................... 5 1.3.1 2.....................................

More information

0104.pages

0104.pages bit 8, 6, 3 bit byte = 8 bit, char CBYTEFORTRAN) 055, -87 word = 6 bit int (C) INTEGER (FORTRAN) -37683767 unsgined int (C) 065535 double word = 3 bit, longint C -4748364847483647 CD-audio 6 bit, 44. kbpsch74

More information

( ) s n (n = 0, 1,...) n n = δ nn n n = I n=0 ψ = n C n n (1) C n = n ψ α = e 1 2 α 2 n=0 α, β α n n! n (2) β α = e 1 2 α 2 1

( ) s n (n = 0, 1,...) n n = δ nn n n = I n=0 ψ = n C n n (1) C n = n ψ α = e 1 2 α 2 n=0 α, β α n n! n (2) β α = e 1 2 α 2 1 (3.5 3.8) 03032s 2006.7.0 n (n = 0,,...) n n = δ nn n n = I n=0 ψ = n C n n () C n = n ψ α = e 2 α 2 n=0 α, β α n n (2) β α = e 2 α 2 2 β 2 n=0 =0 = e 2 α 2 β n α 2 β 2 n=0 = e 2 α 2 2 β 2 +β α β n α!

More information

) a + b = i + 6 b c = 6i j ) a = 0 b = c = 0 ) â = i + j 0 ˆb = 4) a b = b c = j + ) cos α = cos β = 6) a ˆb = b ĉ = 0 7) a b = 6i j b c = i + 6j + 8)

) a + b = i + 6 b c = 6i j ) a = 0 b = c = 0 ) â = i + j 0 ˆb = 4) a b = b c = j + ) cos α = cos β = 6) a ˆb = b ĉ = 0 7) a b = 6i j b c = i + 6j + 8) 4 4 ) a + b = i + 6 b c = 6i j ) a = 0 b = c = 0 ) â = i + j 0 ˆb = 4) a b = b c = j + ) cos α = cos β = 6) a ˆb = b ĉ = 0 7) a b = 6i j b c = i + 6j + 8) a b a b = 6i j 4 b c b c 9) a b = 4 a b) c = 7

More information

68 A mm 1/10 A. (a) (b) A.: (a) A.3 A.4 1 1

68 A mm 1/10 A. (a) (b) A.: (a) A.3 A.4 1 1 67 A Section A.1 0 1 0 1 Balmer 7 9 1 0.1 0.01 1 9 3 10:09 6 A.1: A.1 1 10 9 68 A 10 9 10 9 1 10 9 10 1 mm 1/10 A. (a) (b) A.: (a) A.3 A.4 1 1 A.1. 69 5 1 10 15 3 40 0 0 ¾ ¾ É f Á ½ j 30 A.3: A.4: 1/10

More information

No δs δs = r + δr r = δr (3) δs δs = r r = δr + u(r + δr, t) u(r, t) (4) δr = (δx, δy, δz) u i (r + δr, t) u i (r, t) = u i x j δx j (5) δs 2

No δs δs = r + δr r = δr (3) δs δs = r r = δr + u(r + δr, t) u(r, t) (4) δr = (δx, δy, δz) u i (r + δr, t) u i (r, t) = u i x j δx j (5) δs 2 No.2 1 2 2 δs δs = r + δr r = δr (3) δs δs = r r = δr + u(r + δr, t) u(r, t) (4) δr = (δx, δy, δz) u i (r + δr, t) u i (r, t) = u i δx j (5) δs 2 = δx i δx i + 2 u i δx i δx j = δs 2 + 2s ij δx i δx j

More information

x A Aω ẋ ẋ 2 + ω 2 x 2 = ω 2 A 2. (ẋ, ωx) ζ ẋ + iωx ζ ζ dζ = ẍ + iωẋ = ẍ + iω(ζ iωx) dt dζ dt iωζ = ẍ + ω2 x (2.1) ζ ζ = Aωe iωt = Aω cos ωt + iaω sin

x A Aω ẋ ẋ 2 + ω 2 x 2 = ω 2 A 2. (ẋ, ωx) ζ ẋ + iωx ζ ζ dζ = ẍ + iωẋ = ẍ + iω(ζ iωx) dt dζ dt iωζ = ẍ + ω2 x (2.1) ζ ζ = Aωe iωt = Aω cos ωt + iaω sin 2 2.1 F (t) 2.1.1 mẍ + kx = F (t). m ẍ + ω 2 x = F (t)/m ω = k/m. 1 : (ẋ, x) x = A sin ωt, ẋ = Aω cos ωt 1 2-1 x A Aω ẋ ẋ 2 + ω 2 x 2 = ω 2 A 2. (ẋ, ωx) ζ ẋ + iωx ζ ζ dζ = ẍ + iωẋ = ẍ + iω(ζ iωx) dt dζ

More information

1 1 sin cos P (primary) S (secondly) 2 P S A sin(ω2πt + α) A ω 1 ω α V T m T m 1 100Hz m 2 36km 500Hz. 36km 1

1 1 sin cos P (primary) S (secondly) 2 P S A sin(ω2πt + α) A ω 1 ω α V T m T m 1 100Hz m 2 36km 500Hz. 36km 1 sin cos P (primary) S (secondly) 2 P S A sin(ω2πt + α) A ω ω α 3 3 2 2V 3 33+.6T m T 5 34m Hz. 34 3.4m 2 36km 5Hz. 36km m 34 m 5 34 + m 5 33 5 =.66m 34m 34 x =.66 55Hz, 35 5 =.7 485.7Hz 2 V 5Hz.5V.5V V

More information

1 No.1 5 C 1 I III F 1 F 2 F 1 F 2 2 Φ 2 (t) = Φ 1 (t) Φ 1 (t t). = Φ 1(t) t = ( 1.5e 0.5t 2.4e 4t 2e 10t ) τ < 0 t > τ Φ 2 (t) < 0 lim t Φ 2 (t) = 0

1 No.1 5 C 1 I III F 1 F 2 F 1 F 2 2 Φ 2 (t) = Φ 1 (t) Φ 1 (t t). = Φ 1(t) t = ( 1.5e 0.5t 2.4e 4t 2e 10t ) τ < 0 t > τ Φ 2 (t) < 0 lim t Φ 2 (t) = 0 1 No.1 5 C 1 I III F 1 F 2 F 1 F 2 2 Φ 2 (t) = Φ 1 (t) Φ 1 (t t). = Φ 1(t) t = ( 1.5e 0.5t 2.4e 4t 2e 10t ) τ < 0 t > τ Φ 2 (t) < 0 lim t Φ 2 (t) = 0 0 < t < τ I II 0 No.2 2 C x y x y > 0 x 0 x > b a dx

More information

4.6 (E i = ε, ε + ) T Z F Z = e βε + e β(ε+ ) = e βε (1 + e β ) F = kt log Z = kt log[e βε (1 + e β )] = ε kt ln(1 + e β ) (4.18) F (T ) S = T = k = k

4.6 (E i = ε, ε + ) T Z F Z = e βε + e β(ε+ ) = e βε (1 + e β ) F = kt log Z = kt log[e βε (1 + e β )] = ε kt ln(1 + e β ) (4.18) F (T ) S = T = k = k 4.6 (E i = ε, ε + ) T Z F Z = e ε + e (ε+ ) = e ε ( + e ) F = kt log Z = kt loge ε ( + e ) = ε kt ln( + e ) (4.8) F (T ) S = T = k = k ln( + e ) + kt e + e kt 2 + e ln( + e ) + kt (4.20) /kt T 0 = /k (4.20)

More information

I A A441 : April 15, 2013 Version : 1.1 I Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Shigehiro, Yoshida )

I A A441 : April 15, 2013 Version : 1.1 I   Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Shigehiro, Yoshida ) I013 00-1 : April 15, 013 Version : 1.1 I Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Shigehiro, Yoshida) http://www.math.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~kawahira/courses/13s-tenbou.html pdf * 4 15 4 5 13 e πi = 1 5 0 5 7 3 4 6 3 6 10 6 17

More information

120 9 I I 1 I 2 I 1 I 2 ( a) ( b) ( c ) I I 2 I 1 I ( d) ( e) ( f ) 9.1: Ampère (c) (d) (e) S I 1 I 2 B ds = µ 0 ( I 1 I 2 ) I 1 I 2 B ds =0. I 1 I 2

120 9 I I 1 I 2 I 1 I 2 ( a) ( b) ( c ) I I 2 I 1 I ( d) ( e) ( f ) 9.1: Ampère (c) (d) (e) S I 1 I 2 B ds = µ 0 ( I 1 I 2 ) I 1 I 2 B ds =0. I 1 I 2 9 E B 9.1 9.1.1 Ampère Ampère Ampère s law B S µ 0 B ds = µ 0 j ds (9.1) S rot B = µ 0 j (9.2) S Ampère Biot-Savart oulomb Gauss Ampère rot B 0 Ampère µ 0 9.1 (a) (b) I B ds = µ 0 I. I 1 I 2 B ds = µ 0

More information

SO(3) 7 = = 1 ( r ) + 1 r r r r ( l ) (5.17) l = 1 ( sin θ ) + sin θ θ θ ϕ (5.18) χ(r)ψ(θ, ϕ) l ψ = αψ (5.19) l 1 = i(sin ϕ θ l = i( cos ϕ θ l 3 = i ϕ

SO(3) 7 = = 1 ( r ) + 1 r r r r ( l ) (5.17) l = 1 ( sin θ ) + sin θ θ θ ϕ (5.18) χ(r)ψ(θ, ϕ) l ψ = αψ (5.19) l 1 = i(sin ϕ θ l = i( cos ϕ θ l 3 = i ϕ SO(3) 71 5.7 5.7.1 1 ħ L k l k l k = iϵ kij x i j (5.117) l k SO(3) l z l ± = l 1 ± il = i(y z z y ) ± (z x x z ) = ( x iy) z ± z( x ± i y ) = X ± z ± z (5.118) l z = i(x y y x ) = 1 [(x + iy)( x i y )

More information

meiji_resume_1.PDF

meiji_resume_1.PDF β β β (q 1,q,..., q n ; p 1, p,..., p n ) H(q 1,q,..., q n ; p 1, p,..., p n ) Hψ = εψ ε k = k +1/ ε k = k(k 1) (x, y, z; p x, p y, p z ) (r; p r ), (θ; p θ ), (ϕ; p ϕ ) ε k = 1/ k p i dq i E total = E

More information

Fortran90/95 [9]! (1 ) " " 5 "Hello!"! 3. (line) Fortran Fortran 1 2 * (1 ) 132 ( ) * 2 ( Fortran ) Fortran ,6 (continuation line) 1

Fortran90/95 [9]! (1 )   5 Hello!! 3. (line) Fortran Fortran 1 2 * (1 ) 132 ( ) * 2 ( Fortran ) Fortran ,6 (continuation line) 1 Fortran90/95 2.1 Fortran 2-1 Hello! 1 program example2_01! end program 2! first test program ( ) 3 implicit none! 4 5 write(*,*) "Hello!"! write Hello! 6 7 stop! 8 end program example2_01 1 program 1!

More information

() (, y) E(, y) () E(, y) (3) q ( ) () E(, y) = k q q (, y) () E(, y) = k r r (3).3 [.7 ] f y = f y () f(, y) = y () f(, y) = tan y y ( ) () f y = f y

() (, y) E(, y) () E(, y) (3) q ( ) () E(, y) = k q q (, y) () E(, y) = k r r (3).3 [.7 ] f y = f y () f(, y) = y () f(, y) = tan y y ( ) () f y = f y 5. [. ] z = f(, y) () z = 3 4 y + y + 3y () z = y (3) z = sin( y) (4) z = cos y (5) z = 4y (6) z = tan y (7) z = log( + y ) (8) z = tan y + + y ( ) () z = 3 8y + y z y = 4 + + 6y () z = y z y = (3) z =

More information

* 1 1 (i) (ii) Brückner-Hartree-Fock (iii) (HF, BCS, HFB) (iv) (TDHF,TDHFB) (RPA) (QRPA) (v) (vi) *

* 1 1 (i) (ii) Brückner-Hartree-Fock (iii) (HF, BCS, HFB) (iv) (TDHF,TDHFB) (RPA) (QRPA) (v) (vi) * * 1 1 (i) (ii) Brückner-Hartree-Fock (iii) (HF, BCS, HFB) (iv) (TDHF,TDHFB) (RPA) (QRPA) (v) (vi) *1 2004 1 1 ( ) ( ) 1.1 140 MeV 1.2 ( ) ( ) 1.3 2.6 10 8 s 7.6 10 17 s? Λ 2.5 10 10 s 6 10 24 s 1.4 ( m

More information

C による数値計算法入門 ( 第 2 版 ) 新装版 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. このサンプルページの内容は, 新装版 1 刷発行時のものです.

C による数値計算法入門 ( 第 2 版 ) 新装版 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます.  このサンプルページの内容は, 新装版 1 刷発行時のものです. C による数値計算法入門 ( 第 2 版 ) 新装版 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. http://www.morikita.co.jp/books/mid/009383 このサンプルページの内容は, 新装版 1 刷発行時のものです. i 2 22 2 13 ( ) 2 (1) ANSI (2) 2 (3) Web http://www.morikita.co.jp/books/mid/009383

More information

Note.tex 2008/09/19( )

Note.tex 2008/09/19( ) 1 20 9 19 2 1 5 1.1........................ 5 1.2............................. 8 2 9 2.1............................. 9 2.2.............................. 10 3 13 3.1.............................. 13 3.2..................................

More information

.2 ρ dv dt = ρk grad p + 3 η grad (divv) + η 2 v.3 divh = 0, rote + c H t = 0 dive = ρ, H = 0, E = ρ, roth c E t = c ρv E + H c t = 0 H c E t = c ρv T

.2 ρ dv dt = ρk grad p + 3 η grad (divv) + η 2 v.3 divh = 0, rote + c H t = 0 dive = ρ, H = 0, E = ρ, roth c E t = c ρv E + H c t = 0 H c E t = c ρv T NHK 204 2 0 203 2 24 ( ) 7 00 7 50 203 2 25 ( ) 7 00 7 50 203 2 26 ( ) 7 00 7 50 203 2 27 ( ) 7 00 7 50 I. ( ν R n 2 ) m 2 n m, R = e 2 8πε 0 hca B =.09737 0 7 m ( ν = ) λ a B = 4πε 0ħ 2 m e e 2 = 5.2977

More information

18 ( ) I II III A B C(100 ) 1, 2, 3, 5 I II A B (100 ) 1, 2, 3 I II A B (80 ) 6 8 I II III A B C(80 ) 1 n (1 + x) n (1) n C 1 + n C

18 ( ) I II III A B C(100 ) 1, 2, 3, 5 I II A B (100 ) 1, 2, 3 I II A B (80 ) 6 8 I II III A B C(80 ) 1 n (1 + x) n (1) n C 1 + n C 8 ( ) 8 5 4 I II III A B C( ),,, 5 I II A B ( ),, I II A B (8 ) 6 8 I II III A B C(8 ) n ( + x) n () n C + n C + + n C n = 7 n () 7 9 C : y = x x A(, 6) () A C () C P AP Q () () () 4 A(,, ) B(,, ) C(,,

More information

30 (11/04 )

30 (11/04 ) 30 (11/04 ) i, 1,, II I?,,,,,,,,, ( ),,, ϵ δ,,,,, (, ),,,,,, 5 : (1) ( ) () (,, ) (3) ( ) (4) (5) ( ) (1),, (),,, () (3), (),, (4), (1), (3), ( ), (5),,,,,,,, ii,,,,,,,, Richard P. Feynman, The best teaching

More information

1 1 [1] ( 2,625 [2] ( 2, ( ) /

1 1 [1] ( 2,625 [2] ( 2, ( ) / [] (,65 [] (,3 ( ) 67 84 76 7 8 6 7 65 68 7 75 73 68 7 73 7 7 59 67 68 65 75 56 6 58 /=45 /=45 6 65 63 3 4 3/=36 4/=8 66 7 68 7 7/=38 /=5 7 75 73 8 9 8/=364 9/=864 76 8 78 /=45 /=99 8 85 83 /=9 /= ( )

More information