2

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "2"

Transcription

1 III ( Dirac ) ( ) ( )

2 2

3 G P G P Dirac Spin Spin Dirac Dirac

4 1 1 G Lie GL n (R),GL n (C),O(n),U(n) g Lie V G R n, C n ρ : G GL(V ) G X X G P G X ρ P E = P G V P, E G X {U α } U α P P = α U α G P g αβ : U αβ G U αβ := U α U β P S = {s α } s α : U α G g αβ s β = s α on U αβ 1 2

5 P P E = α U α V E g V αβ : U αβ GL(V ) G A = {A α } A α : U α Ω 1 (U α, End(V )) A β = g 1 αβ A αg αβ + g 1 αβ dg αβ (1.1) 1.2. A = {A v α} A V α : U α Ω 1 (U α, End(V )) A V β = gv αβ 1 A V α gv αβ + gv αβ 1 dg V αβ G = O(n), U(n) A V α ( ) 1.3. (1.1) g 1 αβ (d + A α)g αβ = d + A β 1.4 (A ). C P := α U α g A β g 1 αβ A αg αβ + g 1 αβ dg αβ C P / X C P / G P C P / E X :Γ(E) Γ(T X E) f C (X),s Γ(X, E) (fs)=df s + f s 3

6 G = U(n), O(n) d(s 0,s 1 )=( s 0,s 1 )+(s 0, s 1 ) E Uα = U α V, s Uα : U α V s 1.6. : s Uα = ds + A V α s d :Ω k (E) Ω k+1 (E) Ω k (E) = Γ(Λ k T X E) k =0 d = d (ω s) =d ω s +( 1) deg ω ω d s ω Ω l (E), s Ω k (E) d :Ω k (End (E)) Ω k+1 (End (E)) d (α s) =(d α) s +( 1) deg ω ω d s tr : End (C n ) C tr : End (E) C Ω k (End (E)) d Ω k+1 (End (E)) tr Ω l d tr Ω l+1 4

7 1.3 G P G π : P X G 0 T fiber P TP π TX G G A P T fiber P G P g (trivial) A P : TP g A P Ω 1 (P, g) A P Ω 1 (P, g) G P Lie G g Ω 1 (G, g) canonical Mauer-Cartan g 1 dg A P : TP g A P Mauer-Cartan {A α } A P = g 1 A α g + g 1 dg (1.2) s α s αa P = A α E s Γ(E) π : P V s π s P X v P ṽ π v, s = ṽ, dπ s 2 G P E 5

8 2.1 G A = {A α },A α Ω 1 (U α, g) A F (A) :={F (A α )} F (A α ):=da α [A α A α ] F (A V α ):=da V α + A V α A V α 2.1 (F (A) ). F (A β )=g 1 αβ F (A)g αβ g P = U α g F (A β )=g 1 αβ F (A)g αβ g P X F (A) 2.2 d d :Ω k (E) Ω k+2 (E) d d :Γ(E) Ω 2 (E) 2.2. F ( ) Ω 2 (End(E)) d 2 s = F ( ) s F ( ) 6

9 G ρ ρ :Ω 2 (g P ) Ω 2 (End(V )) F (A) F ( ) F (A) F ( ) G = U(n),O(n) End(E) u(e), o(e) 2.3 (Bianci ).. E s d F ( ) =0 0=d 3 s d 3 s = d F ( )s F ( )(d s) =(d F ( ))s 2.3 G P G P A P Ω 1 (P, g) G canonical A P F (A P ) da P () ()- v 0,v 1 X ṽ 0, ṽ 1 P π F (A P )(v 0,v 1 )=da P (ṽ 0, ṽ 1 ) p, q p 7

10 p p p q 2. 3 R Chern Chern 3.1 X CW E X C n E Chern c k (E) H 2k (X, Z) Chern ch k (E) H 2k (X, Q) c k (E) H 2k (X, Z) ch k (E) H 2k (X, Q) : f : X X c k (f E)=f c k (E) ch k (f E)=f ch k (E) c := c 0 + c 1 + c 2 + ch := ch 0 + ch 1 + ch 2 8

11 c(e 0 E 1 )=c(e 0 )c(e 1 ) ch(e 0 E 1 )=ch(e 0 )+ch(e 1 ) ch(e 0 E 1 )=ch(e 0 )ch(e 1 ) c 0 =1 ch 0 (E) = rank E c 1 = ch 1 L X ch(l) =e c 1(L) normalization E Chern Chern Normalization P 2 (C) P 1 (C) : ξ X H 2 (P 1 (C)) = Zα c 1 (ξ) =α normalize normalization c n (E) =e(e) n = rank E e(e) Euler Thom Euler 3.2 X (Chern-Weil ) 9

12 n E X A E F A Ω 2 (End(E)) exp:ω 2 (End(E)) k Ω 2k (End(E)) Taylor ch(a) :=tr ( 1 ) e 2π F A ch(a) = k ch k(a) 3.1. ch k (A). Bianki d F A =0 0=trd F A = d(trf A ) 1 trf A e 2π F A det : End (E) C det:(ω 0 Ω 2 )(End(E)) k Ω 2k (End(E)) k ( ) 1 c k λ k := det λid E + 2π F A c k (A) ch k (A) c k (E) :=[c k (A)] A 3.3 Grassmann : BU n = Gr(n) ={V C ; dim V = n} C n : ξ n Gr(n) C := lim(c C 2 C 3 ) 10

13 3.2. X C n E X f : X BU n E = f ξ n f up to homotopy 3.3. H (BU n, Z) =Z[c 1,c 2, c n ] H (BU n, Q) =Z[ch 1,ch 2, ch n ] c 1,c 2, c n ch 1,ch 2, ch n C n : n i=1 π i ξ 1 CP CP }{{} n CP = BU(1) π i i f : CP CP BU(n) H (BU(n)) H (CP CP )= n H (CP )=Z[x 1,...,x n ] H (CP )=Z[x i ] x i H 2 (CP ) H (CP ) Z x 1,...,x n k c k Q n k=1 xk i /k! ch k C n E X f : X BU(n) c k (E) :=f c k ch k (E) :=f ch k 3.4 X n E X Chern c n (E) E c n (E) H 2n (X, π 2n 1 (S(C n ))) 11

14 S(C n ) 2n 1 i <2n 1 π 2n 1 (S(C n )) = Z π i (S(C n ))=0 Euler E s 1,s 2 c n 1 (E) c n 1 (E) H 2n 2 (X, π 2n 3 (V 2 (C n ))) V 2 (C n ):={C n } π 2n 3 (V 2 (C n )) = Z i <2n 3 π i (V 2 (C n )) = Grothendieck Grothandieck Chern L c 1 (L) n E X ξ E C P(E) X x := c 1 (ξ E ) H 2 (P(E)) X 3.4. H (P(E)) = H (x) H (X) x H (X) x n 1 Chen c k (E) x n k 12

15 Milnor-Stasheff n E X c n (E) =e(e) π k : V k (E) X πk = C } C {{} E n k k rank E n k = n k : H 2(n k) (X) H 2(n k) (V k (E)) c n k (E) Euler c n k (E n k ) 4 Dirac 4.1 Spin SO(2m) Spin(2m) SO(2m) maximal torus: S0(2) SO(2) }{{} m T SO(2) = U(1) z SO(2m) z i U(1) z =(z 1,z 2,...z m ) z lift z 4.1. Spin(2m) : 1. trace ( z + )= 2m trace ( z )= 2m 2m = + 2m 2m 1/2 1/2 z ± z ± z ± 1 2 m z ± z ± z ± 1 2 m z, zn 1/2 (z 1,...,z m z 1 = = z m =1 z =1,z ±1/2 k =1 13

16 2. Clifford c : R 2m End( ) c : R 2m Hom ( +, ) Hom (, + ) c(v) 2 = v 2 v 0 v 1 = c(v 0 )c(v 1 )+c(v 1 )c(v 0 )=0 4.2 Spin Dirac 2m Riemann X X Spin TX SO(2m) Spin(2m) P Spin X X Spin : S ± := P Spin Spin(2m) ± X S ± Levi-Civita S ± Γ(S ± ) S ± Γ(T X S ± ) c Γ(S ± ) c S ± Dirac TX Dirac E X E S ± E := 1 S ± + E 1 Γ(S ± E) Γ(T X S ± E) c Γ(S ± E) Dirac c E Dirac 14

17 4.3 Dirac Λ k R 2m Γ(S S) = Ω k E = S = S + S Dirac d, d E = S = S + S Dirac D :Γ(S + S) Γ(S S) singnature X = dim(ker D) dim(coker D) D :Γ(S + S + ) Γ(S S + ) d + d :Ω even Ω odd χ(x) = dim(ker(d + d )) dim(coker (d + d )) 15

18 [1] J.W.Milnor, J.D.Stasheff, Characteristic classes, Princeton University Press, 1974 [2] J.W.,, 1998 [3],,, 1997 [4],,,

E1 (4/12)., ( )., 3,4 ( ). ( ) Allen Hatcher, Vector bundle and K-theory ( HP ) 1

E1 (4/12)., ( )., 3,4 ( ). ( ) Allen Hatcher, Vector bundle and K-theory ( HP ) 1 E1 (4/12)., ( )., 3,4 ( ). ( ) Allen Hatcher, Vector bundle and K-theory ( HP ) 1 (4/12) 1 1.. 2. F R C H P n F E n := {((x 0,..., x n ), [v 0 : : v n ]) F n+1 P n F n x i v i = 0 }. i=0 E n P n F P n

More information

Dynkin Serre Weyl

Dynkin Serre Weyl Dynkin Naoya Enomoto 2003.3. paper Dynkin Introduction Dynkin Lie Lie paper 1 0 Introduction 3 I ( ) Lie Dynkin 4 1 ( ) Lie 4 1.1 Lie ( )................................ 4 1.2 Killing form...........................................

More information

λ n numbering Num(λ) Young numbering T i j T ij Young T (content) cont T (row word) word T µ n S n µ C(µ) 0.2. Young λ, µ n Kostka K µλ K µλ def = #{T

λ n numbering Num(λ) Young numbering T i j T ij Young T (content) cont T (row word) word T µ n S n µ C(µ) 0.2. Young λ, µ n Kostka K µλ K µλ def = #{T 0 2 8 8 6 3 0 0 Young Young [F] 0.. Young λ n λ n λ = (λ,, λ l ) λ λ 2 λ l λ = ( m, 2 m 2, ) λ = n, l(λ) = l {λ n n 0} P λ = (λ, ), µ = (µ, ) n λ µ k k k λ i µ i λ µ λ = µ k i= i= i < k λ i = µ i λ k >

More information

x 3 a (mod p) ( ). a, b, m Z a b m a b (mod m) a b m 2.2 (Z/mZ). a = {x x a (mod m)} a Z m 0, 1... m 1 Z/mZ = {0, 1... m 1} a + b = a +

x 3 a (mod p) ( ). a, b, m Z a b m a b (mod m) a b m 2.2 (Z/mZ). a = {x x a (mod m)} a Z m 0, 1... m 1 Z/mZ = {0, 1... m 1} a + b = a + 1 1 22 1 x 3 (mod ) 2 2.1 ( )., b, m Z b m b (mod m) b m 2.2 (Z/mZ). = {x x (mod m)} Z m 0, 1... m 1 Z/mZ = {0, 1... m 1} + b = + b, b = b Z/mZ 1 1 Z Q R Z/Z 2.3 ( ). m {x 0, x 1,..., x m 1 } modm 2.4

More information

N cos s s cos ψ e e e e 3 3 e e 3 e 3 e

N cos s s cos ψ e e e e 3 3 e e 3 e 3 e 3 3 5 5 5 3 3 7 5 33 5 33 9 5 8 > e > f U f U u u > u ue u e u ue u ue u e u e u u e u u e u N cos s s cos ψ e e e e 3 3 e e 3 e 3 e 3 > A A > A E A f A A f A [ ] f A A e > > A e[ ] > f A E A < < f ; >

More information

QCD 1 QCD GeV 2014 QCD 2015 QCD SU(3) QCD A µ g µν QCD 1

QCD 1 QCD GeV 2014 QCD 2015 QCD SU(3) QCD A µ g µν QCD 1 QCD 1 QCD GeV 2014 QCD 2015 QCD SU(3) QCD A µ g µν QCD 1 (vierbein) QCD QCD 1 1: QCD QCD Γ ρ µν A µ R σ µνρ F µν g µν A µ Lagrangian gr TrFµν F µν No. Yes. Yes. No. No! Yes! [1] Nash & Sen [2] Riemann

More information

2 1 κ c(t) = (x(t), y(t)) ( ) det(c (t), c x (t)) = det (t) x (t) y (t) y = x (t)y (t) x (t)y (t), (t) c (t) = (x (t)) 2 + (y (t)) 2. c (t) =

2 1 κ c(t) = (x(t), y(t)) ( ) det(c (t), c x (t)) = det (t) x (t) y (t) y = x (t)y (t) x (t)y (t), (t) c (t) = (x (t)) 2 + (y (t)) 2. c (t) = 1 1 1.1 I R 1.1.1 c : I R 2 (i) c C (ii) t I c (t) (0, 0) c (t) c(i) c c(t) 1.1.2 (1) (2) (3) (1) r > 0 c : R R 2 : t (r cos t, r sin t) (2) C f : I R c : I R 2 : t (t, f(t)) (3) y = x c : R R 2 : t (t,

More information

II Lie Lie Lie ( ) 1. Lie Lie Lie

II Lie Lie Lie ( ) 1. Lie Lie Lie II Lie 2010 1 II Lie Lie Lie ( ) 1. Lie Lie 2. 3. 4. Lie i 1 1 2 Lie Lie 4 3 Lie 8 4 9 5 11 6 14 7 16 8 19 9 Lie 23 10 Lie 26 11 Lie Lie 31 12 Lie 35 1 1 C Lie Lie 1.1 Hausdorff M M {(U α, φ α )} α A (1)

More information

Dirac 38 5 Dirac 4 4 γ µ p µ p µ + m 2 = ( p µ γ µ + m)(p ν γ ν + m) (5.1) γ = p µ p ν γ µ γ ν p µ γ µ m + mp ν γ ν + m 2 = 1 2 p µp ν {γ µ, γ ν } + m

Dirac 38 5 Dirac 4 4 γ µ p µ p µ + m 2 = ( p µ γ µ + m)(p ν γ ν + m) (5.1) γ = p µ p ν γ µ γ ν p µ γ µ m + mp ν γ ν + m 2 = 1 2 p µp ν {γ µ, γ ν } + m Dirac 38 5 Dirac 4 4 γ µ p µ p µ + m 2 p µ γ µ + mp ν γ ν + m 5.1 γ p µ p ν γ µ γ ν p µ γ µ m + mp ν γ ν + m 2 1 2 p µp ν {γ µ, γ ν } + m 2 5.2 p m p p µ γ µ {, } 10 γ {γ µ, γ ν } 2η µν 5.3 p µ γ µ + mp

More information

1 X X A, B X = A B A B A B X 1.1 R R I I a, b(a < b) I a x b = x I 1.2 R A 1.3 X : (1)X (2)X X (3)X A, B X = A B A B = 1.4 f : X Y X Y ( ) A Y A Y A f

1 X X A, B X = A B A B A B X 1.1 R R I I a, b(a < b) I a x b = x I 1.2 R A 1.3 X : (1)X (2)X X (3)X A, B X = A B A B = 1.4 f : X Y X Y ( ) A Y A Y A f 1 X X A, B X = A B A B A B X 1.1 R R I I a, b(a < b) I a x b = x I 1. R A 1.3 X : (1)X ()X X (3)X A, B X = A B A B = 1.4 f : X Y X Y ( ) A Y A Y A f 1 (A) f X X f 1 (A) = X f 1 (A) = A a A f f(x) = a x

More information

第86回日本感染症学会総会学術集会後抄録(I)

第86回日本感染症学会総会学術集会後抄録(I) κ κ κ κ κ κ μ μ β β β γ α α β β γ α β α α α γ α β β γ μ β β μ μ α ββ β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β γ β μ μ μ μμ μ μ μ μ β β μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ β

More information

2.1 H f 3, SL(2, Z) Γ k (1) f H (2) γ Γ f k γ = f (3) f Γ \H cusp γ SL(2, Z) f k γ Fourier f k γ = a γ (n)e 2πinz/N n=0 (3) γ SL(2, Z) a γ (0) = 0 f c

2.1 H f 3, SL(2, Z) Γ k (1) f H (2) γ Γ f k γ = f (3) f Γ \H cusp γ SL(2, Z) f k γ Fourier f k γ = a γ (n)e 2πinz/N n=0 (3) γ SL(2, Z) a γ (0) = 0 f c GL 2 1 Lie SL(2, R) GL(2, A) Gelbart [Ge] 1 3 [Ge] Jacquet-Langlands [JL] Bump [Bu] Borel([Bo]) ([Ko]) ([Mo]) [Mo] 2 2.1 H = {z C Im(z) > 0} Γ SL(2, Z) Γ N N Γ (N) = {γ SL(2, Z) γ = 1 2 mod N} g SL(2,

More information

0. Intro ( K CohFT etc CohFT 5.IKKT 6.

0. Intro ( K CohFT etc CohFT 5.IKKT 6. E-mail: sako@math.keio.ac.jp 0. Intro ( K 1. 2. CohFT etc 3. 4. CohFT 5.IKKT 6. 1 µ, ν : d (x 0,x 1,,x d 1 ) t = x 0 ( t τ ) x i i, j, :, α, β, SO(D) ( x µ g µν x µ µ g µν x ν (1) g µν g µν vector x µ,y

More information

TOP URL 1

TOP URL   1 TOP URL http://amonphys.web.fc.com/ 1 19 3 19.1................... 3 19.............................. 4 19.3............................... 6 19.4.............................. 8 19.5.............................

More information

1 Euclid Euclid Euclid

1 Euclid Euclid Euclid II 2000 1 Euclid 1 1.1..................................... 1 1.2..................................... 8 1.3 Euclid............. 19 1.4 3 Euclid............................ 22 2 28 2.1 Lie Lie..................................

More information

Gauss Fuchs rigid rigid rigid Nicholas Katz Rigid local systems [6] Fuchs Katz Crawley- Boevey[1] [7] Katz rigid rigid Katz middle convolu

Gauss Fuchs rigid rigid rigid Nicholas Katz Rigid local systems [6] Fuchs Katz Crawley- Boevey[1] [7] Katz rigid rigid Katz middle convolu rigidity 2014.9.1-2014.9.2 Fuchs 1 Introduction y + p(x)y + q(x)y = 0, y 2 p(x), q(x) p(x) q(x) Fuchs 19 Fuchs 83 Gauss Fuchs rigid rigid rigid 7 1970 1996 Nicholas Katz Rigid local systems [6] Fuchs Katz

More information

( ),.,,., C A (2008, ). 1,, (M, g) (Riemannian symmetric space), : p M, s p : M M :.,.,.,, (, ).,, (M, g) p M, s p : M M p, : (1) p s p, (

( ),.,,., C A (2008, ). 1,, (M, g) (Riemannian symmetric space), : p M, s p : M M :.,.,.,, (, ).,, (M, g) p M, s p : M M p, : (1) p s p, ( ( ),.,,., C A (2008, ). 1,,. 1.1. (M, g) (Riemannian symmetric space), : p M, s p : M M :.,.,.,, (, ).,,. 1.2. (M, g) p M, s p : M M p, : (1) p s p, (2) s 2 p = id ( id ), (3) s p ( )., p ( s p (p) = p),,

More information

1. 1 A : l l : (1) l m (m 3) (2) m (3) n (n 3) (4) A α, β γ α β + γ = 2 m l lm n nα nα = lm. α = lm n. m lm 2β 2β = lm β = lm 2. γ l 2. 3

1. 1 A : l l : (1) l m (m 3) (2) m (3) n (n 3) (4) A α, β γ α β + γ = 2 m l lm n nα nα = lm. α = lm n. m lm 2β 2β = lm β = lm 2. γ l 2. 3 1. 1 A : l l : (1) l m (m 3) (2) m (3) n (n 3) (4) A 2 1 2 1 2 3 α, β γ α β + γ = 2 m l lm n nα nα = lm. α = lm n. m lm 2β 2β = lm β = lm 2. γ l 2. 3 4 P, Q R n = {(x 1, x 2,, x n ) ; x 1, x 2,, x n R}

More information

0 Intoduction 0.1 (localization fomula) T = U(1) M µ M T µ = M M T µ eff M T 2. M T M T Gauss µ µ eff (1) (2) Atiyah-Singe U(1) [At85]

0 Intoduction 0.1 (localization fomula) T = U(1) M µ M T µ = M M T µ eff M T 2. M T M T Gauss µ µ eff (1) (2) Atiyah-Singe U(1) [At85] v2.3 2005/02/11 12 Contents 0 Intoduction 2 0.1....................................... 2 0.2......................................... 2 1 U(1) Boel 3 1.1............................ 3 1.2..........................

More information

SO(n) [8] SU(2)

SO(n) [8] SU(2) SO(n) [8] 1 2 1.1.............................. 3 1.2.............................. 6 1.3 SU(2)............................. 7 1.4 -...................... 10 1.5 SO(3).............................. 11

More information

x V x x V x, x V x = x + = x +(x+x )=(x +x)+x = +x = x x = x x = x =x =(+)x =x +x = x +x x = x ( )x = x =x =(+( ))x =x +( )x = x +( )x ( )x = x x x R

x V x x V x, x V x = x + = x +(x+x )=(x +x)+x = +x = x x = x x = x =x =(+)x =x +x = x +x x = x ( )x = x =x =(+( ))x =x +( )x = x +( )x ( )x = x x x R V (I) () (4) (II) () (4) V K vector space V vector K scalor K C K R (I) x, y V x + y V () (x + y)+z = x +(y + z) (2) x + y = y + x (3) V x V x + = x (4) x V x + x = x V x x (II) x V, α K αx V () (α + β)x

More information

( 3) b 1 b : b b f : a b 1 b f = f (2.7) g : b c g 1 b = g (2.8) 1 b b (identity arrow) id b f a b g f 1 b b c g (2.9) 3 C C C a, b a b Hom C (a, b) h

( 3) b 1 b : b b f : a b 1 b f = f (2.7) g : b c g 1 b = g (2.8) 1 b b (identity arrow) id b f a b g f 1 b b c g (2.9) 3 C C C a, b a b Hom C (a, b) h 2011 9 5 1 Lie 1 2 2.1 (category) (object) a, b, c, a b (arrow, morphism) f : a b (2.1) f a b (2.2) ( 1) f : a b g : b c (composite) g f : a c ( 2) f f a b g f g c g h (2.3) a b c d (2.4) h (g f) = (h

More information

b3e2003.dvi

b3e2003.dvi 15 II 5 5.1 (1) p, q p = (x + 2y, xy, 1), q = (x 2 + 3y 2, xyz, ) (i) p rotq (ii) p gradq D (2) a, b rot(a b) div [11, p.75] (3) (i) f f grad f = 1 2 grad( f 2) (ii) f f gradf 1 2 grad ( f 2) rotf 5.2

More information

(2) Fisher α (α) α Fisher α ( α) 0 Levi Civita (1) ( 1) e m (e) (m) ([1], [2], [13]) Poincaré e m Poincaré e m Kähler-like 2 Kähler-like

(2) Fisher α (α) α Fisher α ( α) 0 Levi Civita (1) ( 1) e m (e) (m) ([1], [2], [13]) Poincaré e m Poincaré e m Kähler-like 2 Kähler-like () 10 9 30 1 Fisher α (α) α Fisher α ( α) 0 Levi Civita (1) ( 1) e m (e) (m) ([1], [], [13]) Poincaré e m Poincaré e m Kähler-like Kähler-like Kähler M g M X, Y, Z (.1) Xg(Y, Z) = g( X Y, Z) + g(y, XZ)

More information

7 π L int = gψ(x)ψ(x)φ(x) + (7.4) [ ] p ψ N = n (7.5) π (π +,π 0,π ) ψ (σ, σ, σ )ψ ( A) σ τ ( L int = gψψφ g N τ ) N π * ) (7.6) π π = (π, π, π ) π ±

7 π L int = gψ(x)ψ(x)φ(x) + (7.4) [ ] p ψ N = n (7.5) π (π +,π 0,π ) ψ (σ, σ, σ )ψ ( A) σ τ ( L int = gψψφ g N τ ) N π * ) (7.6) π π = (π, π, π ) π ± 7 7. ( ) SU() SU() 9 ( MeV) p 98.8 π + π 0 n 99.57 9.57 97.4 497.70 δm m 0.4%.% 0.% 0.8% π 9.57 4.96 Σ + Σ 0 Σ 89.6 9.46 K + K 0 49.67 (7.) p p = αp + βn, n n = γp + δn (7.a) [ ] p ψ ψ = Uψ, U = n [ α

More information

21 2 26 i 1 1 1.1............................ 1 1.2............................ 3 2 9 2.1................... 9 2.2.......... 9 2.3................... 11 2.4....................... 12 3 15 3.1..........

More information

,. Black-Scholes u t t, x c u 0 t, x x u t t, x c u t, x x u t t, x + σ x u t, x + rx ut, x rux, t 0 x x,,.,. Step 3, 7,,, Step 6., Step 4,. Step 5,,.

,. Black-Scholes u t t, x c u 0 t, x x u t t, x c u t, x x u t t, x + σ x u t, x + rx ut, x rux, t 0 x x,,.,. Step 3, 7,,, Step 6., Step 4,. Step 5,,. 9 α ν β Ξ ξ Γ γ o δ Π π ε ρ ζ Σ σ η τ Θ θ Υ υ ι Φ φ κ χ Λ λ Ψ ψ µ Ω ω Def, Prop, Th, Lem, Note, Remark, Ex,, Proof, R, N, Q, C [a, b {x R : a x b} : a, b {x R : a < x < b} : [a, b {x R : a x < b} : a,

More information

O1-1 O1-2 O1-3 O1-4 O1-5 O1-6

O1-1 O1-2 O1-3 O1-4 O1-5 O1-6 O1-1 O1-2 O1-3 O1-4 O1-5 O1-6 O1-7 O1-8 O1-9 O1-10 O1-11 O1-12 O1-13 O1-14 O1-15 O1-16 O1-17 O1-18 O1-19 O1-20 O1-21 O1-22 O1-23 O1-24 O1-25 O1-26 O1-27 O1-28 O1-29 O1-30 O1-31 O1-32 O1-33 O1-34 O1-35

More information

Twist knot orbifold Chern-Simons

Twist knot orbifold Chern-Simons Twist knot orbifold Chern-Simons 1 3 M π F : F (M) M ω = {ω ij }, Ω = {Ω ij }, cs := 1 4π 2 (ω 12 ω 13 ω 23 + ω 12 Ω 12 + ω 13 Ω 13 + ω 23 Ω 23 ) M Chern-Simons., S. Chern J. Simons, F (M) Pontrjagin 2.,

More information

A 2 3. m S m = {x R m+1 x = 1} U + k = {x S m x k > 0}, U k = {x S m x k < 0}, ϕ ± k (x) = (x 0,..., ˆx k,... x m ) 1. {(U ± k, ϕ± k ) 0 k m} S m 1.2.

A 2 3. m S m = {x R m+1 x = 1} U + k = {x S m x k > 0}, U k = {x S m x k < 0}, ϕ ± k (x) = (x 0,..., ˆx k,... x m ) 1. {(U ± k, ϕ± k ) 0 k m} S m 1.2. A A 1 A 5 A 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 1.1 1.1 (). Hausdorff M R m M M {U α } U α R m E α ϕ α : U α E α U α U β = ϕ α (ϕ β ϕβ (U α U β )) 1 : ϕ β (U α U β ) ϕ α (U α U β ) C M a m dim M a U α ϕ α {x i, 1 i m} {U,

More information

Hitchin-Chatterjee T. (U, (g α0 α 1 )): U = {U α } α A, (M ) g αβ : U αβ T, (U αβ ) g αβ g βγ = g αγ. (U αβγ ) T T, T g αβ : U αβ T P αβ U αβ, Hitchin

Hitchin-Chatterjee T. (U, (g α0 α 1 )): U = {U α } α A, (M ) g αβ : U αβ T, (U αβ ) g αβ g βγ = g αγ. (U αβγ ) T T, T g αβ : U αβ T P αβ U αβ, Hitchin Gerbes, II : Hitchin-Chatterjee Murray gerbe. Hitchin-Chatterjee Murray 1 Hitchin-Chatterjee T. (U, (g α0 α 1 )): U = {U α } α A, (M ) g αβ : U αβ T, (U αβ ) g αβ g βγ = g αγ. (U αβγ ) T T, T g αβ : U

More information

main.dvi

main.dvi SGC - 70 2, 3 23 ɛ-δ 2.12.8 3 2.92.13 4 2 3 1 2.1 2.102.12 [8][14] [1],[2] [4][7] 2 [4] 1 2009 8 1 1 1.1... 1 1.2... 4 1.3 1... 8 1.4 2... 9 1.5... 12 1.6 1... 16 1.7... 18 1.8... 21 1.9... 23 2 27 2.1

More information

.2 ρ dv dt = ρk grad p + 3 η grad (divv) + η 2 v.3 divh = 0, rote + c H t = 0 dive = ρ, H = 0, E = ρ, roth c E t = c ρv E + H c t = 0 H c E t = c ρv T

.2 ρ dv dt = ρk grad p + 3 η grad (divv) + η 2 v.3 divh = 0, rote + c H t = 0 dive = ρ, H = 0, E = ρ, roth c E t = c ρv E + H c t = 0 H c E t = c ρv T NHK 204 2 0 203 2 24 ( ) 7 00 7 50 203 2 25 ( ) 7 00 7 50 203 2 26 ( ) 7 00 7 50 203 2 27 ( ) 7 00 7 50 I. ( ν R n 2 ) m 2 n m, R = e 2 8πε 0 hca B =.09737 0 7 m ( ν = ) λ a B = 4πε 0ħ 2 m e e 2 = 5.2977

More information

1 911 9001030 9:00 A B C D E F G H I J K L M 1A0900 1B0900 1C0900 1D0900 1E0900 1F0900 1G0900 1H0900 1I0900 1J0900 1K0900 1L0900 1M0900 9:15 1A0915 1B0915 1C0915 1D0915 1E0915 1F0915 1G0915 1H0915 1I0915

More information

30

30 3 ............................................2 2...........................................2....................................2.2...................................2.3..............................

More information

all.dvi

all.dvi I 1 Density Matrix 1.1 ( (Observable) Ô :ensemble ensemble average) Ô en =Tr ˆρ en Ô ˆρ en Tr  n, n =, 1,, Tr  = n n  n Tr  I w j j ( j =, 1,, ) ˆρ en j w j j ˆρ en = j w j j j Ô en = j w j j Ô j emsemble

More information

1 1, 2016 D B. 1.1,.,,. (1). (2). (3) Milnor., (1) (2)., (3). 1.2,.,, ( )..,.,,. 1.3, webpage,.,,.

1 1, 2016 D B. 1.1,.,,. (1). (2). (3) Milnor., (1) (2)., (3). 1.2,.,, ( )..,.,,. 1.3, webpage,.,,. 1 1, 2016 D B. 1.1,.,,. (1). (2). (3) Milnor., (1) (2)., (3). 1.2,.,, ( )..,.,,. 1.3, 2015. webpage,.,,. 2 1 (1),, ( ). (2),,. (3),.,, : Hashinaga, T., Tamaru, H.: Three-dimensional solvsolitons and the

More information

D = [a, b] [c, d] D ij P ij (ξ ij, η ij ) f S(f,, {P ij }) S(f,, {P ij }) = = k m i=1 j=1 m n f(ξ ij, η ij )(x i x i 1 )(y j y j 1 ) = i=1 j

D = [a, b] [c, d] D ij P ij (ξ ij, η ij ) f S(f,, {P ij }) S(f,, {P ij }) = = k m i=1 j=1 m n f(ξ ij, η ij )(x i x i 1 )(y j y j 1 ) = i=1 j 6 6.. [, b] [, d] ij P ij ξ ij, η ij f Sf,, {P ij } Sf,, {P ij } k m i j m fξ ij, η ij i i j j i j i m i j k i i j j m i i j j k i i j j kb d {P ij } lim Sf,, {P ij} kb d f, k [, b] [, d] f, d kb d 6..

More information

v v = v 1 v 2 v 3 (1) R = (R ij ) (2) R (R 1 ) ij = R ji (3) 3 R ij R ik = δ jk (4) i=1 δ ij Kronecker δ ij = { 1 (i = j) 0 (i

v v = v 1 v 2 v 3 (1) R = (R ij ) (2) R (R 1 ) ij = R ji (3) 3 R ij R ik = δ jk (4) i=1 δ ij Kronecker δ ij = { 1 (i = j) 0 (i 1. 1 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.1.1 v v = v 1 v 2 v 3 (1) R = (R ij ) (2) R (R 1 ) ij = R ji (3) R ij R ik = δ jk (4) δ ij Kronecker δ ij = { 1 (i = j) 0 (i j) (5) 1 1.1. v1.1 2011/04/10 1. 1 2 v i = R ij v j (6) [

More information

[1] convention Minkovski i Polchinski [2] 1 Clifford Spin 1 2 Euclid Clifford 2 3 Euclid Spin 6 4 Euclid Pin Clifford Spin 10 A 12 B 17 1 Cliffo

[1] convention Minkovski i Polchinski [2] 1 Clifford Spin 1 2 Euclid Clifford 2 3 Euclid Spin 6 4 Euclid Pin Clifford Spin 10 A 12 B 17 1 Cliffo [1] convention Minkovski i Polchinski [2] 1 Clifford Spin 1 2 Euclid Clifford 2 3 Euclid Spin 6 4 Euclid Pin + 8 5 Clifford Spin 10 A 12 B 17 1 Clifford Spin D Euclid Clifford Γ µ, µ = 1,, D {Γ µ, Γ ν

More information

tomocci ,. :,,,, Lie,,,, Einstein, Newton. 1 M n C. s, M p. M f, p d ds f = dxµ p ds µ f p, X p = X µ µ p = dxµ ds µ p. µ, X µ.,. p,. T M p.

tomocci ,. :,,,, Lie,,,, Einstein, Newton. 1 M n C. s, M p. M f, p d ds f = dxµ p ds µ f p, X p = X µ µ p = dxµ ds µ p. µ, X µ.,. p,. T M p. tomocci 18 7 5...,. :,,,, Lie,,,, Einstein, Newton. 1 M n C. s, M p. M f, p d ds f = dxµ p ds µ f p, X p = X µ µ p = dxµ ds µ p. µ, X µ.,. p,. T M p. M F (M), X(F (M)).. T M p e i = e µ i µ. a a = a i

More information

20 4 20 i 1 1 1.1............................ 1 1.2............................ 4 2 11 2.1................... 11 2.2......................... 11 2.3....................... 19 3 25 3.1.............................

More information

II 1 II 2012 II Gauss-Bonnet II

II 1 II 2012 II Gauss-Bonnet II II 1 II 212 II Gauss-Bonnet II 1 1 1.1......................................... 1 1.2............................................ 2 1.3.................................. 3 1.4.............................................

More information

( ) (, ) ( )

( ) (, ) ( ) ( ) (, ) ( ) 1 2 2 2 2.1......................... 2 2.2.............................. 3 2.3............................... 4 2.4.............................. 5 2.5.............................. 6 2.6..........................

More information

SAMA- SUKU-RU Contents p-adic families of Eisenstein series (modular form) Hecke Eisenstein Eisenstein p T

SAMA- SUKU-RU Contents p-adic families of Eisenstein series (modular form) Hecke Eisenstein Eisenstein p T SAMA- SUKU-RU Contents 1. 1 2. 7.1. p-adic families of Eisenstein series 3 2.1. modular form Hecke 3 2.2. Eisenstein 5 2.3. Eisenstein p 7 3. 7.2. The projection to the ordinary part 9 3.1. The ordinary

More information

9 Feb 2008 NOGUCHI (UT) HDVT 9 Feb / 33

9 Feb 2008 NOGUCHI (UT) HDVT 9 Feb / 33 9 Feb 2008 NOGUCHI (UT) HDVT 9 Feb 2008 1 / 33 1 NOGUCHI (UT) HDVT 9 Feb 2008 2 / 33 1 Green-Griffiths (1972) NOGUCHI (UT) HDVT 9 Feb 2008 2 / 33 1 Green-Griffiths (1972) X f : C X f (C) X NOGUCHI (UT)

More information

CVMに基づくNi-Al合金の

CVMに基づくNi-Al合金の CV N-A (-' by T.Koyama ennard-jones fcc α, β, γ, δ β α γ δ = or α, β. γ, δ α β γ ( αβγ w = = k k k ( αβγ w = ( αβγ ( αβγ w = w = ( αβγ w = ( αβγ w = ( αβγ w = ( αβγ w = ( αβγ w = ( βγδ w = = k k k ( αγδ

More information

d ϕ i) t d )t0 d ϕi) ϕ i) t x j t d ) ϕ t0 t α dx j d ) ϕ i) t dx t0 j x j d ϕ i) ) t x j dx t0 j f i x j ξ j dx i + ξ i x j dx j f i ξ i x j dx j d )

d ϕ i) t d )t0 d ϕi) ϕ i) t x j t d ) ϕ t0 t α dx j d ) ϕ i) t dx t0 j x j d ϕ i) ) t x j dx t0 j f i x j ξ j dx i + ξ i x j dx j f i ξ i x j dx j d ) 23 M R M ϕ : R M M ϕt, x) ϕ t x) ϕ s ϕ t ϕ s+t, ϕ 0 id M M ϕ t M ξ ξ ϕ t d ϕ tx) ξϕ t x)) U, x 1,...,x n )) ϕ t x) ϕ 1) t x),...,ϕ n) t x)), ξx) ξ i x) d ϕi) t x) ξ i ϕ t x)) M f ϕ t f)x) f ϕ t )x) fϕ

More information

等質空間の幾何学入門

等質空間の幾何学入門 2006/12/04 08 tamaru@math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp i, 2006/12/04 08. 2006, 4.,,.,,.,.,.,,.,,,.,.,,.,,,.,. ii 1 1 1.1 :................................... 1 1.2........................................ 2 1.3......................................

More information

16 B

16 B 16 B (1) 3 (2) (3) 5 ( ) 3 : 2 3 : 3 : () 3 19 ( ) 2 ax 2 + bx + c = 0 (a 0) x = b ± b 2 4ac 2a 3, 4 5 1824 5 Contents 1. 1 2. 7 3. 13 4. 18 5. 22 6. 25 7. 27 8. 31 9. 37 10. 46 11. 50 12. 56 i 1 1. 1.1..

More information

Z: Q: R: C: 3. Green Cauchy

Z: Q: R: C: 3. Green Cauchy 7 Z: Q: R: C: 3. Green.............................. 3.............................. 5.3................................. 6.4 Cauchy..................... 6.5 Taylor..........................6...............................

More information

64 3 g=9.85 m/s 2 g=9.791 m/s 2 36, km ( ) 1 () 2 () m/s : : a) b) kg/m kg/m k

64 3 g=9.85 m/s 2 g=9.791 m/s 2 36, km ( ) 1 () 2 () m/s : : a) b) kg/m kg/m k 63 3 Section 3.1 g 3.1 3.1: : 64 3 g=9.85 m/s 2 g=9.791 m/s 2 36, km ( ) 1 () 2 () 3 9.8 m/s 2 3.2 3.2: : a) b) 5 15 4 1 1. 1 3 14. 1 3 kg/m 3 2 3.3 1 3 5.8 1 3 kg/m 3 3 2.65 1 3 kg/m 3 4 6 m 3.1. 65 5

More information

非可換Lubin-Tate理論の一般化に向けて

非可換Lubin-Tate理論の一般化に向けて Lubin-Tate 2012 9 18 ( ) Lubin-Tate 2012 9 18 1 / 27 ( ) Lubin-Tate 2012 9 18 2 / 27 Lubin-Tate p 1 1 ( ) Lubin-Tate 2012 9 18 2 / 27 Lubin-Tate p 1 1 Lubin-Tate GL n n 1 Lubin-Tate ( ) Lubin-Tate 2012

More information

wiles05.dvi

wiles05.dvi Andrew Wiles 1953, 20 Fermat.. Fermat 10,. 1 Wiles. 19 20., Fermat 1. (Fermat). p 3 x p + y p =1 xy 0 x, y 2., n- t n =1 ζ n Q Q(ζ n ). Q F,., F = Q( 5) 6=2 3 = (1 + 5)(1 5) 2. Kummer Q(ζ p ), p Fermat

More information

LLG-R8.Nisus.pdf

LLG-R8.Nisus.pdf d M d t = γ M H + α M d M d t M γ [ 1/ ( Oe sec) ] α γ γ = gµ B h g g µ B h / π γ g = γ = 1.76 10 [ 7 1/ ( Oe sec) ] α α = λ γ λ λ λ α γ α α H α = γ H ω ω H α α H K K H K / M 1 1 > 0 α 1 M > 0 γ α γ =

More information

1 M = (M, g) m Riemann N = (N, h) n Riemann M N C f : M N f df : T M T N M T M f N T N M f 1 T N T M f 1 T N C X, Y Γ(T M) M C T M f 1 T N M Levi-Civi

1 M = (M, g) m Riemann N = (N, h) n Riemann M N C f : M N f df : T M T N M T M f N T N M f 1 T N T M f 1 T N C X, Y Γ(T M) M C T M f 1 T N M Levi-Civi 1 Surveys in Geometry 1980 2 6, 7 Harmonic Map Plateau Eells-Sampson [5] Siu [19, 20] Kähler 6 Reports on Global Analysis [15] Sacks- Uhlenbeck [18] Siu-Yau [21] Frankel Siu Yau Frankel [13] 1 Surveys

More information

I ( ) 1 de Broglie 1 (de Broglie) p λ k h Planck ( Js) p = h λ = k (1) h 2π : Dirac k B Boltzmann ( J/K) T U = 3 2 k BT

I ( ) 1 de Broglie 1 (de Broglie) p λ k h Planck ( Js) p = h λ = k (1) h 2π : Dirac k B Boltzmann ( J/K) T U = 3 2 k BT I (008 4 0 de Broglie (de Broglie p λ k h Planck ( 6.63 0 34 Js p = h λ = k ( h π : Dirac k B Boltzmann (.38 0 3 J/K T U = 3 k BT ( = λ m k B T h m = 0.067m 0 m 0 = 9. 0 3 kg GaAs( a T = 300 K 3 fg 07345

More information

『共形場理論』

『共形場理論』 T (z) SL(2, C) T (z) SU(2) S 1 /Z 2 SU(2) (ŜU(2) k ŜU(2) 1)/ŜU(2) k+1 ŜU(2)/Û(1) G H N =1 N =1 N =1 N =1 N =2 N =2 N =2 N =2 ĉ>1 N =2 N =2 N =4 N =4 1 2 2 z=x 1 +ix 2 z f(z) f(z) 1 1 4 4 N =4 1 = = 1.3

More information

量子力学 問題

量子力学 問題 3 : 203 : 0. H = 0 0 2 6 0 () = 6, 2 = 2, 3 = 3 3 H 6 2 3 ϵ,2,3 (2) ψ = (, 2, 3 ) ψ Hψ H (3) P i = i i P P 2 = P 2 P 3 = P 3 P = O, P 2 i = P i (4) P + P 2 + P 3 = E 3 (5) i ϵ ip i H 0 0 (6) R = 0 0 [H,

More information

: 2005 ( ρ t +dv j =0 r m m r = e E( r +e r B( r T 208 T = d E j 207 ρ t = = = e t δ( r r (t e r r δ( r r (t e r ( r δ( r r (t dv j =

: 2005 ( ρ t +dv j =0 r m m r = e E( r +e r B( r T 208 T = d E j 207 ρ t = = = e t δ( r r (t e r r δ( r r (t e r ( r δ( r r (t dv j = 72 Maxwell. Maxwell e r ( =,,N Maxwell rot E + B t = 0 rot H D t = j dv D = ρ dv B = 0 D = ɛ 0 E H = μ 0 B ρ( r = j( r = N e δ( r r = N e r δ( r r = : 2005 ( 2006.8.22 73 207 ρ t +dv j =0 r m m r = e E(

More information

6 6.1 L r p hl = r p (6.1) 1, 2, 3 r =(x, y, z )=(r 1,r 2,r 3 ), p =(p x,p y,p z )=(p 1,p 2,p 3 ) (6.2) hl i = jk ɛ ijk r j p k (6.3) ɛ ijk Levi Civit

6 6.1 L r p hl = r p (6.1) 1, 2, 3 r =(x, y, z )=(r 1,r 2,r 3 ), p =(p x,p y,p z )=(p 1,p 2,p 3 ) (6.2) hl i = jk ɛ ijk r j p k (6.3) ɛ ijk Levi Civit 6 6.1 L r p hl = r p (6.1) 1, 2, 3 r =(x, y, z )=(r 1,r 2,r 3 ), p =(p x,p y,p z )=(p 1,p 2,p 3 ) (6.2) hl i = jk ɛ ijk r j p k (6.3) ɛ ijk Levi Civita ɛ 123 =1 0 r p = 2 2 = (6.4) Planck h L p = h ( h

More information

液晶の物理1:連続体理論(弾性,粘性)

液晶の物理1:連続体理論(弾性,粘性) The Physics of Liquid Crystals P. G. de Gennes and J. Prost (Oxford University Press, 1993) Liquid crystals are beautiful and mysterious; I am fond of them for both reasons. My hope is that some readers

More information

0. I II I II (1) linear type: GL( ), Sp( ), O( ), (2) loop type: loop current Kac-Moody affine, hyperbolic (3) diffeo t

0. I II I II (1) linear type: GL( ), Sp( ), O( ), (2) loop type: loop current Kac-Moody affine, hyperbolic (3) diffeo t e-mail: koyama@math.keio.ac.jp 0. I II I II (1) linear type: GL( ), Sp( ), O( ), (2) loop type: loop current Kac-Moody affine, hyperbolic (3) diffeo type: diffeo universal Teichmuller modular I. I-. Weyl

More information

, CH n. CH n, CP n,,,., CH n,,. RH n ( Cartan )., CH n., RH n CH n,,., RH n, CH n., RH n ( ), CH n ( 1.1 (v), (vi) )., RH n,, CH n,., CH n,. 1.2, CH n

, CH n. CH n, CP n,,,., CH n,,. RH n ( Cartan )., CH n., RH n CH n,,., RH n, CH n., RH n ( ), CH n ( 1.1 (v), (vi) )., RH n,, CH n,., CH n,. 1.2, CH n ( ), Jürgen Berndt,.,. 1, CH n.,,. 1.1 ([6]). CH n (n 2), : (i) CH k (k = 0,..., n 1) tube. (ii) RH n tube. (iii). (iv) ruled minimal, equidistant. (v) normally homogeneous submanifold F k tube. (vi) normally

More information

医系の統計入門第 2 版 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. このサンプルページの内容は, 第 2 版 1 刷発行時のものです.

医系の統計入門第 2 版 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます.   このサンプルページの内容は, 第 2 版 1 刷発行時のものです. 医系の統計入門第 2 版 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. http://www.morikita.co.jp/books/mid/009192 このサンプルページの内容は, 第 2 版 1 刷発行時のものです. i 2 t 1. 2. 3 2 3. 6 4. 7 5. n 2 ν 6. 2 7. 2003 ii 2 2013 10 iii 1987

More information

Mazur [Ma1] Schlessinger [Sch] [SL] [Ma1] [Ma1] [Ma2] Galois [] 17 R m R R R M End R M) M R ut R M) M R R G R[G] R G Sets 1 Λ Noether Λ k Λ m Λ k C Λ

Mazur [Ma1] Schlessinger [Sch] [SL] [Ma1] [Ma1] [Ma2] Galois [] 17 R m R R R M End R M) M R ut R M) M R R G R[G] R G Sets 1 Λ Noether Λ k Λ m Λ k C Λ Galois ) 0 1 1 2 2 4 3 10 4 12 5 14 16 0 Galois Galois Galois TaylorWiles Fermat [W][TW] Galois Galois Galois 1 Noether 2 1 Mazur [Ma1] Schlessinger [Sch] [SL] [Ma1] [Ma1] [Ma2] Galois [] 17 R m R R R

More information

2017 II 1 Schwinger Yang-Mills 5. Higgs 1

2017 II 1 Schwinger Yang-Mills 5. Higgs 1 2017 II 1 Schwinger 2 3 4. Yang-Mills 5. Higgs 1 1 Schwinger Schwinger φ 4 L J 1 2 µφ(x) µ φ(x) 1 2 m2 φ 2 (x) λφ 4 (x) + φ(x)j(x) (1.1) J(x) Schwinger source term) c J(x) x S φ d 4 xl J (1.2) φ(x) m 2

More information

K g g g g; (x, y) [x, y] g Lie algebra [, ] bracket (i) [, ] (ii) x g [x, x] = 0 (iii) ( Jacobi identity) [x, [y, z]] + [y, [z, x]] +

K g g g g; (x, y) [x, y] g Lie algebra [, ] bracket (i) [, ] (ii) x g [x, x] = 0 (iii) ( Jacobi identity) [x, [y, z]] + [y, [z, x]] + 2015 X V 1. 19 Sophus Lie [Hu] James Humphreys, Introduction to Lie Algebras and Representation Theory, Graduate Texts in Mathematics Volume 9 1972, Springer [Sa],, 2002, [Hu] 14.3 78 [Sa] 13 167 [Hu]

More information

量子力学A

量子力学A c 1 1 1.1....................................... 1 1............................................ 4 1.3.............................. 6 10.1.................................. 10......................................

More information

あさひ indd

あさひ indd 2006. 0. 2 2006. 0. 4 30 8 70 2 65 65 40 65 62 300 2006. 0. 3 7 702 22 7 62802 7 385 50 7 385 50 8 385 50 0 2 390 526 4 2006. 0. 0 0 0 62 55 57 68 0 80 5000 24600 37200 0 70 267000 500000 600 2 70 70 267000

More information

25 7 18 1 1 1.1 v.s............................. 1 1.1.1.................................. 1 1.1.2................................. 1 1.1.3.................................. 3 1.2................... 3

More information

LCR e ix LC AM m k x m x x > 0 x < 0 F x > 0 x < 0 F = k x (k > 0) k x = x(t)

LCR e ix LC AM m k x m x x > 0 x < 0 F x > 0 x < 0 F = k x (k > 0) k x = x(t) 338 7 7.3 LCR 2.4.3 e ix LC AM 7.3.1 7.3.1.1 m k x m x x > 0 x < 0 F x > 0 x < 0 F = k x k > 0 k 5.3.1.1 x = xt 7.3 339 m 2 x t 2 = k x 2 x t 2 = ω 2 0 x ω0 = k m ω 0 1.4.4.3 2 +α 14.9.3.1 5.3.2.1 2 x

More information

topology.dvi

topology.dvi LastUpdate: 2003.4.12 1 5 1.1............. 5 1.1.1...................... 5 1.1.2..................... 6 1.2 Kunneth............... 8 1.2.1 Tor Ext....................... 8 1.2.2..................... 10

More information

1 Part I (warming up lecture). (,,...) 1.1 ( ) M = G/K :. M,. : : R-space. R-space..

1 Part I (warming up lecture). (,,...) 1.1 ( ) M = G/K :. M,. : : R-space. R-space.. ( ) ( ) 2012/07/14 1 Part I (warming up lecture). (,,...) 1.1 ( ) M = G/K :. M,. : : R-space. R-space.. 1.2 ( ) ( ): M,. : (Part II). 1 (Part III). : :,, austere,. :, Einstein, Ricci soliton,. 1.3 : (S,

More information

1 4 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) () 1 4 2

1 4 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) () 1 4 2 7 1995, 2017 7 21 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 6 (1).................................... 6 (2)..................................... 6 (3) t................. 9 5 11 (1)......................................... 11 (2)

More information

K E N Z U 2012 7 16 HP M. 1 1 4 1.1 3.......................... 4 1.2................................... 4 1.2.1..................................... 4 1.2.2.................................... 5................................

More information

No δs δs = r + δr r = δr (3) δs δs = r r = δr + u(r + δr, t) u(r, t) (4) δr = (δx, δy, δz) u i (r + δr, t) u i (r, t) = u i x j δx j (5) δs 2

No δs δs = r + δr r = δr (3) δs δs = r r = δr + u(r + δr, t) u(r, t) (4) δr = (δx, δy, δz) u i (r + δr, t) u i (r, t) = u i x j δx j (5) δs 2 No.2 1 2 2 δs δs = r + δr r = δr (3) δs δs = r r = δr + u(r + δr, t) u(r, t) (4) δr = (δx, δy, δz) u i (r + δr, t) u i (r, t) = u i δx j (5) δs 2 = δx i δx i + 2 u i δx i δx j = δs 2 + 2s ij δx i δx j

More information

Euler, Yang-Mills Clebsch variable Helicity ( Tosiaki Kori ) School of Sciences and Technology, Waseda Uiversity (i) Yang-Mills 3 A T (T A) Poisson Ha

Euler, Yang-Mills Clebsch variable Helicity ( Tosiaki Kori ) School of Sciences and Technology, Waseda Uiversity (i) Yang-Mills 3 A T (T A) Poisson Ha Euler, Yang-ills Clebsch variable Helicity Tosiaki Kori ) School of Sciences and Technology, Waseda Uiversity i) Yang-ills 3 A T T A) Poisson Hamilton ii) Clebsch parametrization iii) Y- Y-iv) Euler,v)

More information

1 (Contents) (1) Beginning of the Universe, Dark Energy and Dark Matter Noboru NAKANISHI 2 2. Problem of Heat Exchanger (1) Kenji

1 (Contents) (1) Beginning of the Universe, Dark Energy and Dark Matter Noboru NAKANISHI 2 2. Problem of Heat Exchanger (1) Kenji 8 4 2018 6 2018 6 7 1 (Contents) 1. 2 2. (1) 22 3. 31 1. Beginning of the Universe, Dark Energy and Dark Matter Noboru NAKANISHI 2 2. Problem of Heat Exchanger (1) Kenji SETO 22 3. Editorial Comments Tadashi

More information

W u = u(x, t) u tt = a 2 u xx, a > 0 (1) D := {(x, t) : 0 x l, t 0} u (0, t) = 0, u (l, t) = 0, t 0 (2)

W u = u(x, t) u tt = a 2 u xx, a > 0 (1) D := {(x, t) : 0 x l, t 0} u (0, t) = 0, u (l, t) = 0, t 0 (2) 3 215 4 27 1 1 u u(x, t) u tt a 2 u xx, a > (1) D : {(x, t) : x, t } u (, t), u (, t), t (2) u(x, ) f(x), u(x, ) t 2, x (3) u(x, t) X(x)T (t) u (1) 1 T (t) a 2 T (t) X (x) X(x) α (2) T (t) αa 2 T (t) (4)

More information

L(A) l(a)

L(A) l(a) 4 3 214 6 214 6 13 1 3 1.1................................................ 3 1.2................................... 5 1.3 L(A) l(a)............................................. 6 1.4.......................................

More information

1 (Berry,1975) 2-6 p (S πr 2 )p πr 2 p 2πRγ p p = 2γ R (2.5).1-1 : : : : ( ).2 α, β α, β () X S = X X α X β (.1) 1 2

1 (Berry,1975) 2-6 p (S πr 2 )p πr 2 p 2πRγ p p = 2γ R (2.5).1-1 : : : : ( ).2 α, β α, β () X S = X X α X β (.1) 1 2 2005 9/8-11 2 2.2 ( 2-5) γ ( ) γ cos θ 2πr πρhr 2 g h = 2γ cos θ ρgr (2.1) γ = ρgrh (2.2) 2 cos θ θ cos θ = 1 (2.2) γ = 1 ρgrh (2.) 2 2. p p ρgh p ( ) p p = p ρgh (2.) h p p = 2γ r 1 1 (Berry,1975) 2-6

More information

OCAMI

OCAMI OCAMI 2015 12 16 1. 2. R 3. Lie 4. U(n), SU(n), O(n), SO(n), Sp(n) 5. U(n), SU(n), O(n), SO(n), Sp(n) 6. Lie 7. G 2 G 2 /SO(4) 1. M Riemann M Riemann def x M, s x : s.t. s 2 x = id, x s x s x x R n S n

More information

Îã³°·¿¤Î¥·¥å¡¼¥Ù¥ë¥È¥«¥êto=1=¡á=1=¥ë¥�¥å¥é¥¹

Îã³°·¿¤Î¥·¥å¡¼¥Ù¥ë¥È¥«¥êto=1=¡á=1=¥ë¥�¥å¥é¥¹ (kaji@math.sci.fukuoka-u.ac.jp) 2009 8 10 R 3 R 3 ( wikipedia ) (Schubert, 19 ) (= )(Ehresmann, 20 ) (Chevalley, 20 ) G/P: ( : ) W : ( : ) X w : W X w W G: B G: Borel P B: G/P: 1 C n ( ) Fl n := {0 V

More information

2019_Boston_HP

2019_Boston_HP (k 1,...,k r )= X 1 m k 1 0

More information

nsg04-28/ky208684356100043077

nsg04-28/ky208684356100043077 δ!!! μ μ μ γ UBE3A Ube3a Ube3a δ !!!! α α α α α α α α α α μ μ α β α β β !!!!!!!! μ! Suncus murinus μ Ω! π μ Ω in vivo! μ μ μ!!! ! in situ! in vivo δ δ !!!!!!!!!! ! in vivo Orexin-Arch Orexin-Arch !!

More information

2 1 1 α = a + bi(a, b R) α (conjugate) α = a bi α (absolute value) α = a 2 + b 2 α (norm) N(α) = a 2 + b 2 = αα = α 2 α (spure) (trace) 1 1. a R aα =

2 1 1 α = a + bi(a, b R) α (conjugate) α = a bi α (absolute value) α = a 2 + b 2 α (norm) N(α) = a 2 + b 2 = αα = α 2 α (spure) (trace) 1 1. a R aα = 1 1 α = a + bi(a, b R) α (conjugate) α = a bi α (absolute value) α = a + b α (norm) N(α) = a + b = αα = α α (spure) (trace) 1 1. a R aα = aα. α = α 3. α + β = α + β 4. αβ = αβ 5. β 0 6. α = α ( ) α = α

More information

July 28, H H 0 H int = H H 0 H int = H int (x)d 3 x Schrödinger Picture Ψ(t) S =e iht Ψ H O S Heisenberg Picture Ψ H O H (t) =e iht O S e i

July 28, H H 0 H int = H H 0 H int = H int (x)d 3 x Schrödinger Picture Ψ(t) S =e iht Ψ H O S Heisenberg Picture Ψ H O H (t) =e iht O S e i July 8, 4. H H H int H H H int H int (x)d 3 x Schrödinger Picture Ψ(t) S e iht Ψ H O S Heisenberg Picture Ψ H O H (t) e iht O S e iht Interaction Picture Ψ(t) D e iht Ψ(t) S O D (t) e iht O S e ih t (Dirac

More information

TOP URL 1

TOP URL   1 TOP URL http://amonphys.web.fc2.com/ 1 30 3 30.1.............. 3 30.2........................... 4 30.3...................... 5 30.4........................ 6 30.5.................................. 8 30.6...............................

More information

1 G K C 1.1. G K V ρ : G GL(V ) (ρ, V ) G V 1.2. G 2 (ρ, V ), (τ, W ) 2 V, W T : V W τ g T = T ρ g ( g G) V ρ g T W τ g V T W 1.3. G (ρ, V ) V W ρ g W

1 G K C 1.1. G K V ρ : G GL(V ) (ρ, V ) G V 1.2. G 2 (ρ, V ), (τ, W ) 2 V, W T : V W τ g T = T ρ g ( g G) V ρ g T W τ g V T W 1.3. G (ρ, V ) V W ρ g W Naoya Enomoto 2002.9. paper 1 2 2 3 3 6 1 1 G K C 1.1. G K V ρ : G GL(V ) (ρ, V ) G V 1.2. G 2 (ρ, V ), (τ, W ) 2 V, W T : V W τ g T = T ρ g ( g G) V ρ g T W τ g V T W 1.3. G (ρ, V ) V W ρ g W W G- G W

More information

koji07-01.dvi

koji07-01.dvi 2007 I II III 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 5 10 19 (!) 1938 70 21? 1 1 2 1 2 2 1! 4, 5 1? 50 1 2 1 1 2 2 1?? 2 1 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2, 3,... 3 1, 2 1, 3? 2 1 3 1 2 1 1, 2 2, 3? 2 1 3 2 3 2 k,l m, n k,l m, n kn > ml...?

More information