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1 March European Values StudyWorld Values surveyinternational Social Survey Programme Jagodzinski Jagodzinski Manabe, Jagodzinski and Onodera Jagodzinski Manabe and JagodzinskiJagodzinski and Manabe A religiosity equivalence secularization

2 respondentsocial attribute demographic factor universepopulation conditional analysis religiosity religiosity data analysis religiosity religious faith, belief, attitude, feeling, behavior exploratory heuristic Facet L. Guttman S. Shye Facet Design response category Mapping Sentence Structuple Facet Analysis Scalogram Analysis Partial Order Scalogram Analysis Smallest Space Analysis Median Regression Analysis Guttman

3 March Facet Theory rationale Manabe open-ended question closed-ended question Guttman range question cafeteria question range question unidimensional cafeteria question multidimensional range question range positive negative Guttman cumulative findings response scale attitudes response scale involvement monotonelinear polytone

4 Guttman Facet Design Factor Analysis religiosity conceptualization operationalization questionnaire method NHK religiosity religiosity conceptualization operationalization simpletabulationsmarginal frequency distributions singlemodal multi-modal linear in the middle

5 March linear U V N linear linear UV N correlation matrix n nn mm statements propositions statements propositions positive negative statements/propositions statement/propositions sign size

6 advanced analysis Q bqfufo Qf Qg advanced analysis religiosity key variables Q Q religiosity Q Q religiosity Smallest Space Analysis measurement L. Guttman multidimensional scaling n m mn n

7 March empirical research religiosity religiosity conceptualization operationalization religiosity T. Parsons religiosity QQa i HUDAPHebrew University Data Analysis Package SSA SSA concentric circle Guttman empirical law Qf space partition Qe Qg Qi Qh

8 Qa Qd Qc Q Q b SSA Guttman contiguity hypothesis Guttman SSA

9 March religiosity religiosity R. Merton [Merton religiosity Guttman SSA simplex scale analysisguttman scale unidimensional scale self-awareness of religiosity

10 religiosity UFO UFO UFO

11 UFO SSA Q Q March

12 religiosity Qe Qf Qg Qd Qe Qa Qh Qa Qd Qm Qb Ql Qk SSA Guttman Guttman Guttman Guttman Circumplex religiosity

13 March religiosity Qp Qc Qb Qo Qh Qi Qr Qq Qp key concepts punishment reward SSA religiosity T. Parsons Sanction Parsons R. Inglehart Inglehart

14 Qj Qc Qn QfQg SSA

15 March proposition statement SSA positive negative mean values

16 discrepancy Median Regression Analysis Guttman Guttman range attitude, involvement, intelligence principal components Guttman component U N M polytone regression

17 March Qc Q c Q f Q b Q r Qf Qb Qr Q e Q f Q b Q r Qe Qf Qb Qr Q i Q f Q b Q r Qi Qf Qb Qr involvement attitude component general theory substantive theory European Value Studies

18 monotone UFO religiosity findingsinterpretation

19 March secularization religious pluralism Lawrence religious bricolage a religion à la carte Dobbelaere invisible religionluckmann Inglehart Norris Inglehart Dobbelaere, K.,, Secularization, London: Sage. Dobbelaere, K.,, Religion in Europe and North America. In R. de MoorEd., Values in Western Societies, Tilburg: Tilburg University Press. Dobbelaere, K.,, Secularization: An analysis at three levels, Bern etc.: Publishing Group Peter Lang. Inglehart, R.,, Modernaization and Postmodernization: Cultural, economic and political change in 43 societies, Princeton: Princeton University Press. Jagodzinski, Wolfgang and Kazufumi Manabe,, In search of Japanese Religiosity, Kwansei Gakuin University Social Sciences ReviewVol.. Lawrence, B. B.,, From Fundamentalism to Fundamentalisms: A religious ideology in multiple forms. In P. HeelasEd., Religion, Modernity and Postmodernity, Oxford: Blackwell. Luckmann, T.,, The Invisible Religion, New York: Macmillan. Wolfgang Jagodzinski Wolfgang Jagodzinski ISSP NHK Manabe, Kazufumi,, Facet Theory and Studies of Japanese Society: From a comparative perspective, Bonn: Bier sche Verlangsanstalt.

20 Wolfgang Jagodzinski World Values Survey Manabe, Kazufumi, Wolfgang Jagodzinski and Noriko Onodera,, Family Values and Religion in Germany and Japan: An analysis of ISSP data, Kwansei Gakuin University Social Sciences Review Vol.. Manabe, Kazufumi, Wolfgang Jagodzinski,, Family Values and Religion in Germany and Japan: Theoretical discussions and empirical findings, Merton, Robert K.,, Social Theory and Social Structure, Glencoe: Free Press. NHK Norris, P. and R. Inglehart,, Sacred and Secular: Religion and politics worldwide. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. ISSP NHK Parsons, Talcott,, Essays in Sociological Theory, Glencoe: The Free Press.

21 March

22 a i a b c d e f g h i

23 March a f a b c d e f a h a b c d e f g h

24 a r a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r

25 March a m a b c d e f g h i j k l m

26 The Structure of Japanese Religiosity ABSTRACT Introduction In recent years, the social sciences have seen a re-emergence of research focused on the theme of values, for example, the appearance of post-modern values, based on new dimensions. Since the s, several large-scale international comparative surveys have been conducted that focus on people s beliefs and values, including the European Values Studies, the World Values Survey and the International Social Survey Programme. The questionnaires used in these surveys focus on religiosity. The results have shown that while religiosity is strongly linked to people s beliefs, values and attitudes in Western countries, that tendency is not evident in Japan. The generalized use of the phrase nonreligious Japan is also derived from this context. This perspective, however, is based on Western religious views, and an examination informed by Japan s distinctive religiosity would undoubtedly shed some light on other aspects that might not otherwise be evident. That is the key purpose of this questionnaire survey. Survey Outline The sample was obtained using a two-stage stratified nationwide random sampling of men and women agedand older from the Basic Resident Registry as of March,. The survey was conducted in March. Asurvey companycentral Research Services, Inc.was entrusted to conduct the survey using the leave-and-pick-up method. Valid responses were collected fromrespondents, yielding a response rate of. Data Analysis Method The data analysis method used was Facet Analysis, developed by Louis Guttman, and specifically the two methods of Smallest Space Analysis and Median Regression Analysis. I have labeled the current data analysis an exploratory data analysis, and have selected these methods because they are extremely effective tools for conducting exploratory work. Smallest Space Analysis Smallest Space Analysis of Question Items Related to Religious Behaviors The SSA map shows that the question items related to religious behaviors are divided into three groups: Worship, devotions, the Bible, sacred scriptures, and shrine or temple visits, Visiting ancestors graves, household shrines, household altars, and Visiting a shrine on New Year s Day, fortune-telling sticks, protective charms, amulets, prayer. Smallest Space Analysis of Question Items Related to Another World According to the SSA map the question items are divided into those regarding: Deities, Life after death, reincarnation, souls, guardian souls, and UFOs. Smallest Space Analysis of Question Items Related to Religious Beliefs, Feelings and Attitudes The question items that are close to the position of holding religious beliefs are a religious mind is important, followed by protection and salvation, gratitude and emotional connection with ancestors, a sense of peace or awe, then the belief that bad behavior will be punished, and a religious view of nature, However, exhibiting memorialism and the feeling that the this moment is important are located a fair distance away from holds religious beliefs. This SSA map is important insofar as it clearly shows the various aspects of the religiosity of the Japanese. Smallest Space Analysis of Question items Related to the Workings, Functions and Characteristics of Religion This SSA map shows that the question items related to the workings, functions and characteristics of religion are divided into two categories: those with positive content and those with negative content. Median Regression Analysis The next step after Smallest Space Analysis is to explore the relationship between religious behaviors and religious feelings and attitudes. These results suggest that the relationship in each of these cases has a monotone shape that rises upward to the right. That is, religious behaviors and religious feelings and attitudes are not distinct and separate items, but are closely linked to one another. Key Words : religious behaviors, religious beliefs, feelings and attitudes, the workings, functions and characteristics of religion

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