ECRR2010(1_4)

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1 2010 ECRR2010

2 ECRR2010 1

3 European Committee on Radiation Risk Comité Européen sur le Risque de l Irradiation Secretary: Grattan Healy Scientific Secretary: C.C.Busby Website: Recommendations of the ECRR The Health Effects of Exposure to Low Doses of Ionising Radiation Edited by: Chris Busby, with Rosalie Bertell, Inge Schmitz Feuerhake Molly Scott Cato and Alexey Yablokov Published for the ECRR by: Green Audit Press, Castle Cottage, Aberystwyth, SY23 1DZ, United Kingdom Copyright 2010: The European Committee on Radiation Risk The International Foundation for Research on Radiation Risk, Stockholm, Sweden ( ISBN: A catalogue for this book is available from the British Library Printed in Wales by Cambrian Printers kev 1,000 XY XY 0.04 FLUKA Elsaessar et al

4 2010 Prof. Elena Burlakova, Russian Federation Dr Sebastian Pflugbeil, Germany Prof. Shoji Sawada, Japan Dr Cecilia Busby, UK Prof. Mikhail Malko, Belarus Prof. Angelina Nyagu, Ukraine Prof. Alexey Nesterenko, Belarus Dr Alfred Koerblein, Germany Prof. Roza Goncharova, Belarus Dr VT Padmanabhan, India Dr Joe Mangano, USA Prof. Carmel Mothershill, Ireland/Canada Prof. Daniil Gluzman, Ukraine Prof. Hagen Scherb, Germany Prof. Yuri Bandashevsky, Belarus Dr Alecsandra Fucic, Croatia Prof. Michel Fernex, France/Switzerland Prof. Inge Schmitz Feuerhake, Germany Prof. Alexey V Yablokov, Russian Federation Prof. Vyvyan Howard, UK Mr Andreas Elsaesser, UK Prof. Chris Busby, UK Mm Mireille de Messieres, UK/France Mr Grattan Healy, Ireland ECRR Prof. Inge Schmizt Feuerhake, Prof. Alexey V Yablokov, Dr Sebastian Pfugbeil, Prof. Chris Busby Mr. Grattan Healy Contact: scisec@euradcom.org 3

5 1. ECRR ICRP ICRP ECRR A

6 ECRR2003 Prof. Alice M Stewart Prof. Edward P Radford Prof. Edward P Radford, There is no safe dose of radiation. BEIR III III 1979 BEIR 2009 ECRR Ed Radford Memorial Prize Prof. Yuri I Bandashevsky Prof. Yuri I Bandashevsky 5

7 2003 ECRR2003 ICRP ECRR2003 ECRR 2004 Martin Tondel Cs kbq/m 2 11% ECRR2003 ECRR ICRP ECRR * 1988 ECRR * Z 6

8 1.1 ECRR Civil Society ECRR European Parliament the Green Group 1997 Basic Safety Standards Directive 96/29 Directive Euratom 96/ EU EU Council of Ministers man-made radioactivity ECRR ICRP UNSCEAR European Commission EU ECRR detriment 7

9 3. 4. ECRR STOA: Scientific Option Assessment Dr. Bertell ICRP STOA Prof. Assimakopoulos ICRP ICRP Dr. Valentin ICRP ECRR ICRP ECRR STOA ECRR ECRR ECRR NRPB Michael Meacher CERRIE* 8

10 CERRIE 2004, 2004a ECRR2003 IRSN IRSN IRSN2005 ICRP ECRR IRSN ECRR ECRR 2003 CERRIE ECRR DNA ICRP ICRP1990 ICRP UNSCEAR ECRR2006 ECRR2009 ECRR ECRR ECRR2003 DNA 2004 Dr Okeanov ECRR kbq/m 2 11 Tondel et al 2004 ICRP 600 ECRR km KiKK 2007 ECRR2003 ICRP

11 2009 ECRR % 600 Busby 2009 ICRP 2007 ICRP UNSCER 2006 ICRP ECRR2003 ECRR2003 Dyson 2009 ICRP ECRR ICRP ICRP 100 ICRP epigenetic effects the clonal expansion theory of cancer ICRP 2009 ICRP Dr Jack Valentin ECRR ICRP ECRR ECRR2003 ICRP ECRR ICRP UNSCEAR ECRR ECRR ICRP ECRR

12 2003 ECRR 96/ * CERRIE Committee Examining Radiation Risk from Internal Emitter 11

13 2.1 Carson 1962, Bertell 1986, Nussbaum and Koehnlein 1994, Busby 1995, 2006, 2009, Sawada 2007 ICRP ICRP ECRR ICRP 12

14 msv ICRP ICRP ICRP lens destruction neurological illnesses immunologies and several other radiogenic illnesses ICRP ICRP ICRP ICRP 13

15 Gy Sv 2009 ECRR 2.4 ECRR2003 ECRR2003 ICRP 1990 UNSCEAR BEIR 2007 ICRP Publication ICRP 120 ECRR

16 William of Occam Mill s Canons Canon of Agreement Canon of Difference Principle of Accumulation Principle of Instance Confirmation plausibility of mechanism Mill, 1879; Harre, 1985; Papineau, msv 2 msv ICRP 15

17 ICRP DNA de/dm 1 kg LNT: Linear No Threshold ICRP ECRR ECRR

18 ICRP UNSCEAR BEIR ICRP contingency analysis tables ICRP 1 Kuhn, 1962, Popper, 1962 ICRP 1980 ICRP 17

19 Michael Polanyi 1950 Kuhn Latour Science War Azande 1930 Evans Pritchard 1937 E. Evans Pritchard, Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic among the Azande, M. Polanyi FRS, Personal Knowledge, 1958 ICRP ICRP ICRP 18

20 ICRP ICRP ECRR > 100 msv < 100 msv < 100 msv CERRIE group-think Janis & Mann, 1977 ICRP ICRP UNSCEAR NCRP BEIR 1990 Sir Richard Southwood PINCHE EU EU PINCHE Van den Hazel et al PINCHE Scott Cato et al skeptics corps Red teaming CERRIE 2001 Michael Meacher ICRP 19

21 2003 Elliot Morley Morley, CERRIE, 2004b 3.3 ICRP2007 CERRIE ICRP2007 bias PINCHE ICRP ICRP ICRP/ICRU/IAEA 21 UNSCEAR/NCRP ICRP 123 Journal of Radiological Protection house journals British Nuclear Fuels Chief Scientist Richard Wakeford Central European Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine ICRP A. Akleyev 1961 British Medical Bulletin Carter C.O. The inheritance of pyloric stenosis ICRP ECRR ICRP2007 ICRP2007 ICRP ECRR ICRP ICRP 2005 ICRP 20

22 (50) ICRP ICRP2007 ICRP ICRP ICRP ICRP scientific consensus scientific community 1970 Journal of Radiological Protection ICRP 21

23 ICRP UNSCEAR IAEA ICRP ICRP ECRR HPA RP HPA HPA RP John Harrison Journal of Radiological Protection Viel, 1998 EU PINCHE Van den Hazel et al

24 +,-./'0 ()* !"#$%&'"()* 7$8-9:;< ()* 1= msv

25 4.1 genomic instability bystander signaling de minimis threshold ; Human chauvinism Routely and Routely the inevitability of human chauvinism chauvinism 24

26 Routley and Routley, 1979 harm IAEA 2002 ICRP 2002 moral standing human utility non-anthropocentric views IAEA 2002 the law of action, motive and result detriment insight Mary Midgley

27 Midgley, 1983: 89 intellectualist bias intuitions Midgley, 1983: ICRP international nuclear community 26

28 ICRP 101 ICRP ICRP ECRR Utilitarianism ethical rightness Sagoff, 1988, p.171 central tenets Shaw, 1999 Shaw,

29 Shaw 1999, p.2 Shaw, 1999 Bristol Anne Maclean 1993 Nant-y-Gwyddon

30 Rights-based theories the good Ronald Dworkin Taking Rights Seriously 1977 the right to the inviolability of the body Everyone has the right to life, liberty and the security of the person. a strong prima facie case 29

31 2002 ISBN C3032 Rawls s Theory of Justice 1971 A Theory of Justice John Rawls distribution illth intellectual tool veil of ignorance commitment Rawls 1971: 3 just state ISBN:

32 Virtue ethics strand sound virtuous Rosalind Hursthouse 1999 vicious behaviour 1957 callousness

33 4.4.1 cost-benefit analysis Pearce, 1993; Funtowicz & Ravetz, 1994 Daly, 1973 individuals utility function social utility function ICRP ICRP Tietenberg Houston 1983 Center for Policy Alternatives 1994 costs 32

34 4.4.2 monetary interest rate discount factor x value x/(1+r) r discount rate r 1 : 1(1+r)(1+r)= 1(1+r) 2. x x/(l+ r) 2. n one-time net benefit PV[B n ] = B n (1+r) n. [B 0,.., B n ] 33

35 PV[B 0,.., B n ] =!. ( 1 + r) i i = 0 r B 0 time horizon Hussen 2000: 329 n B i long-lasting cost jam today is always preferable to jam tomorrow The precautionary principle DNA scientific insecurity 34

36 4.4.4 morally distinct status human system 6 DNA ATM heterozygous xeroderma pigmentosum radiosensitive citizen John Gofman 35

37 human system LSS St. Petersburg BN , de minimis argument 1 36

38 ICRP critical target group representative individual 2007 ICRP ICRP representative person an Act of God ICRP ICRP Collective Dose Controllable Dose ICRP

39 ICRP ICRP Justification Principle ICRP ICRP representative person ( ICRP Reference Man) most at-risk person

40 discourse economic growth-driven world system 39

41 reflexive methods relativity physical world logical positivist view 40

42 Latour 1987 scientific world-view DNA ICRP ICRP Latour ICRP ICRP 1928 X International X-Ray and Radium Protection Committee 1945 ICRP NCRP: National Council on Radiation Protection

43 AEC: Atomic Energy Commission NCRP X US Advisory Committee on X-Ray and Radium Protection X X novel NCRP AEC NCRP G. Failla Z. Morgan AEC NCRP msv msv NCRP NCRP

44 ICRP NCRP Lauriston Taylor NCRP NCRP ICRP ICRP NCRP NCRP ICRP ECRR ICRP desk organization ICRP 1980 Jack Valentin desktop organization ICRP UNSCEAR UNSCEAR UNSCEAR ICRP2007 ICRP UNSCEAR BEIR VII IAEA ECRR2003 ICRP Roger Clarke NRPB 2007 ICRP Dr Roger Cox NRPB HPA ICRP ICRP UNSCEAR2000 ICRP CERRIE 2005 BEIR VII IAEA Dr Abel Gonzalez ICRP ICRP2007 Dr Lars Eric Holm ICRP 43

45 SSI 2001 UNSCEAR UNSCEAR IAEA ICRP ICRP ICRP WHO WHO 1959 IAEA IAEA IAEA WHO FAO 2001 WHO Prof H Nakajima WHO IAEA IAEA IAEA WHO Fernex 2001 WHO IAEA 2-3, ResWHA 12-40, NRPB UNSCEAR ICRP NCRP/ICRP Caufield Tayor, 1971 NCRP ICRP Karl Morgan Caufield, 1989 ECRR ICRP 44

46 STOA ICRP Assimakopoulos, ICRP / Hiroshima basis ICRP ICRP basis basis Hiroshima basis A-Bomb Life Span Studies ABCC ABCC ABCC Kusano 1953 lag period 5 45

47 3 Kusano 1953 RERF 2009 ECRR * Sawada 2007, ECRR Stewart & Kneale, 1999 Padmanabhan CERRIE 2004b, Busby 2006 Kusano 1953 Busby 2006 ABCC Neel & Schull ; later exposures * 46

第１章放射線リスク欧州委員会(ECRR)の背景

第１章放射線リスク欧州委員会(ECRR)の背景 ECRR 2003 2003 2003 - ECRR2003 2003 Recommendations of the ECRR The Health Effects of Ionising Radiation Exposure at Low Doses for Radiation Protection Purposes Regulators Edition Edited by Chris Busby