BESS BESS Jon Mitchell Alexander Moiseev Jonathan F. Ormes Eun-Suk Seo Robert Streitmatter J. Z. Wang Measurements of Antiproton Spectrum with BESS By

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1 BESS BESS Jon Mitchell Alexander Moiseev Jonathan F. Ormes Eun-Suk Seo Robert Streitmatter J. Z. Wang Measurements of Antiproton Spectrum with BESS By Yoichi ASAOKA, Koh ABE, Kazuaki ANRAKU, Kosuke IZUMI, Masatoshi IMORI, Ikuo UEDA, Shuji ORITO, Takayuki SAEKI, Makoto SASAKI, Tomoyuki SANUKI, Yoshiaki SHIKAZE, Junichi SUZUKI, Tomohiro SONODA, Kenichi TANAKA, Keisuke TANIZAKI, Mitsuaki NOZAKI, Sadakazu HAINO, Hideyuki FUKE, Motoharu FUJIKAWA, Jun NISHIMURA, Nagataka MATSUI, Tadashi MAENO, Yasuhiro MAKIDA, Takeo MATSUKAWA, Shinya MATSUDA, Hiroyuki MATSUNAGA, Hiroshi MATSUMOTO, Tadao MITSUI, Masakazu MOTOKI, Nobuyuki YAJIMAa, Takamasa YAMAGAMI, Kazuhiro YAMATO, Akira YAMAMOTO, Yasuchika YAMAMOTO, Tetsuya YOSHIDA, Koji YOSHIMURA, Jon MITCHELL, Alexander MOISEEV, Jonathan F. ORMES, Eun-Suk SEO, Robert STREITMATTER and J. Z. WANG Abstract : The energy spectrum of cosmic-ray antiprotons has been measured by BESS suc- University of Tokyo High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Kobe University Institute of Space and Astronautical Science NASA/GSFC, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center University of Maryland deceased University of Tsukuba Tohoku University

2 cessively in 1993, 1995, 1997, 1998, 1999 and In total more than 210 antiprotons were clearly identified in an energy range of 0.18 to 4.20 GeV. From these successive measurements of the antiproton spectrum at various solar activity, the effect of the solar modulation and the origin of cosmic-ray antiprotons are discussed. BESS GeVBESS BESS 1. Golden1 GeV Hawking BESS

3 BESS Buffington Buffington BESS BESS T JET JET IDCs m sr hit point fitjetr mz cm IDCr mz m z yzcharge divisionjet vernier padidc GeV JET hit pulse truncated mean 2

4 TOF 13 dedxtofps z cm m rigidityr m R BESS 14n n GeV TO triggertof track triggerdeadtime TOFIDChit pattern i iirigidity TOF transputerdirect Memory AccessController DMACGBExabyte JEThitfitting rigidity Transputerbank transputer Exabyte 2.2. BESS BESSa TOFpscm Track triggertofouter drift chamberodcb TOFcm1516 psgev

5 BESS 3 dead time 17GBGB ctofps GeV GeV BELLEKEK BESS 1819d 3. rigidity GVNASAkm gcm km

6 4 1 BESS BESS BESS BESS BESS BESS BESS hr hr Dead Time GB GeV i ii tack TOF or hit TOF hit r y z TOFdEd x

7 BESS fittingx fittinghit trackqualitiy R JETdEd x resolution R ps TOF GVTOF fitting R 4.2. N NpNeNatmos. J TOA de St J TOA Ne Natmos.St MHz GEANT/

8 5 GHIESHA track quality cut i ii20 iii GV 6

9 BESS GeV24 BESS BESS BESS 4.3. GEANT/GHEISHABESS MC BESS MC Ge VPSKBESS 26BESS K BESS BESS CFGGeV 7

10 BESS BESS MC GeV MC BESS MC GHEISHA MC GeV GeV BESS BESS MC BESS Buffington

11 BESS GeV diffusion modelleaky box model Boron/Carbon i ii iii GeV BESS leaky box modeldiffusion model tertiary interaction diffuserays GeV 29 GeVMSSM

12 11 29 R pc yr km/skm/s km/s solar modulation BESS BESS

13 BESS 12 8 Bieber a GeVGeVGeV b 8tilt angleb tilt anglecurrent sheet 42 current sheet a38

14 BESS Ulysses39Pioneer ujmu! bohmf

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306 [7] GeV TeV PAMELA 100 GeV PAMELA AMS GeV [8] TeV [9] PAMELA[10] AMS BESS-Polar 95 [11]AMS 1.3 AMS AMS rigidity TOFTime Of Flight TRDE

306 [7] GeV TeV PAMELA 100 GeV PAMELA AMS GeV [8] TeV [9] PAMELA[10] AMS BESS-Polar 95 [11]AMS 1.3 AMS AMS rigidity TOFTime Of Flight TRDE 305 Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) Sadakazu.Haino@cern.ch 2013 2 28 1 AMS 1.1 AMS AMS 60 600 1976 LEP L3 LEP GeV TeV 2011 5 AMS ISS ISS 2020 20 BESS [2] HEAT[3] AMS PAMELA [4] Fermi [5] 10 GeV 100 GeV