関西福祉大学紀要 8号 ◆/11.坂口

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1 Effects of social support on mental health after bereavement : A study for the contents of support Yukihiro Sakaguchi Abstract : It is necessary to consider the contents of support for the bereaved in order to get suggestive observation for the bereavement care. This study focused on emotional and instrumental support. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the contents of support and bereaved families demographic data and to examine the effects of emotional/instrumental supports on mental health after bereavement. Study 1 was conducted on 30 bereaved persons who lost spouses or parents. It was revealed that widowed persons perceived less instrumental support than persons who lost parents and the older widowed persons perceived less emotional support. The longitudinal study Study was conducted on 87 bereaved persons. The results showed that emotional support at more than eight months after bereavement positively influenced on mental health, controlling for their level of past mental health. There was no significant relationship between instrumental support and mental health. These findings suggest the lack of supports for the older widowed people and the necessity of longitudinal supports for the bereaved. Key words emotional support instrumental support mental health after bereavement bereavement care

2 8 004! 1, buffering modelcohen & McKay 1984 stressor-support specificity model matching model 1 matching Vachon & Stylianos 1988 goodness of fit 13 Kitson, Babri, Roach, & Placidi Lehman, Ellard, & Wortman Worden global stressor

3 18 15, 16 Sarason, Shearin, Pierce, & Sarason 1987 received support perceived support 19 Greene & Feld ! A 83 3, SD SD SD SD , nst 80.73, ns t , p.001

4 V1 V V3 3 V4 V5 V EQS 5.6 Goodness of Fit Index GFIAdjusted GFI AGFIRMSEA Root Mean Square Error of Approximation SPSS Table Table , p.006 ; GFI.97 ; AGFI.9 ; RMSEA.085 r.66 Table 1 n 1 n 108 Table n 1 n 108 n n n n n n n n

5 Figure 1 Figure 1 n * : p.05 V1 V , p.006 ; GFI.97 ; AGFI.9 ; RMSEA.076 Stroebe & Stroebe 1987 deficit model of partner loss Figure , p. 171 ; GFI.96 ; AGFI.90 ; RMSEA.050

6 8 004 Ferraro, Mutran, & Barresi ! Figure n 1 * : p.05 V1 V4 08., p.10 ; GFI.94 ; AGFI.87 ; RMSEA.063 Antonicci & Akiyama Lund, Caserta, Van Pelt, & Gass Lund SD SD , ns , p.001 t , p.001t , p.05

7 GHQ 8 t , ns 1 6 GHQ 8 GHQ General Health Questionnaire 8 GHQ 8 8, 9 4 Likert 0 3 GHQ EQS 5.6 Goodness of Fit Index GFIAdjusted GFI AGFIRMSEA Root Mean Square Error of Approximation SPSS 3 3 GHQ SD SD 13.6 t GHQ 8 t 86.64, p.05 GHQ r.38, p.001 GHQ r.08, ns Figure , p.17 ; GFI.90 ; AGFI.81 ; RMSEA

8 8 004 Figure 3 n * : p.05 V1 V4! 9, 11 18

9 Sarason A 1 13

10 8 004 Dakof, G. A. & Taylor, S. E Victims perceptions of social support : What is helpful from whom? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, Stylianos, S. K. & Vachon, M. L. S The role of social support in bereavement. In Stroebe, M. S., Stroebe, W., & Hansson, R. O. Eds. Handbook of Bereavement : Theory, Research and Intervention. pp New York : Cambridge University Press. Windholz, M. J., Marmar, C. R., & Horowitz, M A review of the research on conjugal bereavement : Impact on health and efficacy of intervention. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 6, Dimond, M. F., Lund, D. A., & Caserta, M. S The role of social support in the first two years of bereavement in an elderly sample. The Gerontologist, 7, Greene, R. W. & Feld, S Social support coverage and the well-being of elderly widows and married women. Journal of Family Issues, 10, Murphy, S. A Mental distress and recovery in a high-risk bereavement sample three years after untimely death. Nursing Research, 37, Norris, F. H. & Murrell, S. A Social support, life events, and stress as modifiers of adjustment to bereavement by older adults. Psychology and Aging, 5, Schwarzer, C. 199 Bereavement, received social support, and anxiety in the elderly : a longitudinal analysis. Anxiety Research, 4, Stroebe, W., Stroebe, M. S., Abakoumkin, G., & Schut, H The role of loneliness and social support in adjustment to loss : a test of attachment versus stress theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, , Payne, S. A The assessment of need for bereavement follow-up in palliative and hospice care. Palliative Medicine, 8, Cohen, S. & McKay, G Social support, stress, and the buffering hypothesis : A theoretical analysis. In Baum, A., Taylor, S. E., & Singer, J. E. Eds. Handbook of psychology and health Ver. 4pp Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum. Vachon, M. L. S. & Stylianos, S. K The role of social support in bereavement. Journal of Social Issues, 44, Kitson, G. C., Babri, K. B.,Roach,M.J.,&Placidi, K. S Adjustment to widowhood and divorce. Journal of Family Issues, 10, 5 3. Lehman, D., Ellard, J., & Wortman, C Social support for the bereaved : Recipients and providers perspectives on what is helpful. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, Worden, J.W.198 Grief Counseling and Grief Therapy. New York : Springer. Stroebe, M. S The broken heart phenomenon : Anexamination of the mortality of bereavement. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 4, Sarason, B. R., Shearin, E. N., Pierce, G. R., & Sarason, I. G Interrelations of social support measures : Theoretical and practical implications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5, , Bentler, P. M EQS ; Structual equations program manual. California : Multivariate Software Inc. SPSS Inc SPSS Base System Release 6. x. SPSS Inc. Stroebe, M. S. & Stroebe, W Bereavement and health. New York : Cambridge University Press. Antonicci, T. & Akiyama, H Social networks in adult life and a preliminary examination of the convoy model. Journal of Gerontology, 4,

11 Lund, D. A., Caserta, M. S., Van Pelt, J., & Gass, K. A Stability of social support networks after later-life spousal bereavement. Death Studies, 14, Ferraro, K. F., Mutran, E., & Barresi, C. M Widowhood, health, and friendship support in later life. Journal of Health and Social behavior, 5, GHQ Goldberg, D. P. & Hillier, V. F A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychological Medicine, 9, Marmar, C. R., Horowits, M. J., Weiss, D. S., Wilner, N. R., & Kaltreider, N. B A controlled trial of brief psychotherapy and mutual-help group treatment of conjugal bereavement. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145,

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