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1 1163 griefmourning 2 Lund et al.1993: Bereavement

2 the death certificates d d d d c d d d 2.25 kg c d n b d a n 148 b McNemar df1p 0.02 c McNemar df1p0.01 d McNemar df1p0.001clayton, P. J Breavement. In: Paykel, E. S. ed.handbook of affective disorders. London: Churchill Livingstone. Freud posttraumatic stress disorderptsd

3 e e e 53 4 e e e e e 2.25 kg e e e b e 19 4 d 17 2 e 8 1 c d a n b df1p 0.05 c df1p0.01 d df1p e df1p Clayton, P. J Breavement. In: Paykel, E. S. ed.handbook of affective disorders. London: Churchill Livingstone kg Clayton, P. J Breavement. In: Paykel, E. S. ed.handbook of affective disorders. London: Chur- chill Livingstone

4 b a c a 46 8 d 32 2 d a df1p 0.05 b df1p0.005 c df1p0.001 d df1p0.0001n Springer Sciences and Business Media. New results in depression, 1986, Breavement nad its relation to clinical depression, Clayton, P. J. Berlin-Heidelberg: Spring-Verlag Zisook & Schuchter1991: 1346; 1993: Zisook & Shuchter Lindemann1944: 24Coconut Grove Massachusetts General Hospital 13 Lindemann Armed Forces Prigerson 1995:

5 Texas Grief Inventory Grief Measurement Scale Prigerson 1997: 616 Grief Measurement Scale PTSD PTSD PTSD? Cox Cox hazard regression mode 3 De Leon 1993: Schaefer 1995: Ebrahim 1995: Lusyne 2001:

6 interpersonal therapyipt IPT IPT 51 PTSD 45 Jordan & Neimeyer2003: 765 nortriptyline nortriptyline IPT nortriptyline IPT nortriptyline nortriptyline IPT IPT nortriptyline 2

7 1169 electroconvulsive therapyect Clayton, P. J Bereavement. In: Paykel, E. S. ed.handbook of affective disorders. London: Churchill Livingstone. Clayton, P. J Bereavement and its relation to clinical depression. In: Hippius, H., Klerman, G. L. & Matussek, N. eds.new results in depression. Berlin-Heidelberg: Spring-Verlag. Clayton, P Bereavement and depression. In: Roose, S. & Sackeim, H. eds.late life depression. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Clayton, P., Demarais, L. and Winokur, G A study of normal bereavement. American Journal of Psychiatry 125, Clayton, P. J. and Darvish, H. S Course of depressive symptoms following the stress of bereavement. In: Barrett, J. E. ed. Stress and mental disorder, pp New York: Raven Press. Clayton, P. J., Halikas, J. A. and Maurice,W. L The bereavement of the widowed. Disease of the Nervous System 32, Clayton, P. J., Herjanic, M., Murphy, G. E., et al Mourning and depression, their similarities and differences. Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal 19, Clayton, P. J., Parilla, R. H. Jr., and Bieri, M. D Methodological problems in assessing the relationship between acuteness of death and the bereavement outcome. In: Reiffel, J. ed.the psychosocial aspects of cardiovascular disease: the patient, the family and the staff, pp NewYork: Columbia University Press. De Leon, C. F. M., Kasl, S. F. and Jacobs, S Widowhood and mortality risk in a community sample of the elderly: a prospective study. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 46, Ebrahim, S., Wannamethee, G., McCallum, A., et al Marital status, change in marital status, and mortality in middle-aged British men. American Journal of Epidemiology 142, Frost, N. R. and Clayton, P. J Bereavement and psychiatric hospitalization. Archives of General Psychiatry 34, Jordan, J. R. and Neimeyer, R. A Does grief counseling work? Death Studies 27, Lindermann, E Symptomalogy and management of acute grief. American Journal of Psychiatry 101, Lund, D. A., Caserta, M. S. and Dimond, M. F The course of spousal bereavement in later life. In: Stroebe, M. S., Stroebe,W. &Hansson, R. O. eds.handbook of bereavement, pp Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lusyne, P., Page, H. and Lievens, J Mortality following conjugal bereavement, Belgium : the unexpected effect of education. Population Studies 55, Prigerson, H. G., Bierhals, A. J., Kasl, S. V., et al Traumatic grief as a risk factor for mental and physical morbidity. American Journal of Psychiatry 154, Prigerson, H. G., Maciejewski, P. K., Reynolds, III, C. F., et al Inventory of Complicated Grief. A scale to measure maladaptive symptoms of loss. Psychiatry Research 59, Rubenowitz, E., Waern, M., Wilhelmson, K., et al Life events and psychosocial factors in elderly suicidesa case-control study. Psychological Medicine 31, Schaefer, C., Quesenberry, J. C. P. Jr. and Wi, S Mortality following conjugal bereavement and the effects of a shared environment. American Journal of Epidemiology 141, Shear, K., Frank, E., Houck, P. R., et al Treatment of complicated grief. JAMA 293, Zisook, S. and Shuchter, S. R Depression through the first year after the death of a spouse. American Journal of Psychiatry 148, Zisook, S. and Shuchter, S. R Uncomplicated bereavement. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 54, Zisook, S., Chentsova-Dutton, Y. and Schuchter, S. R PTSD following bereavement. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry 10,

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$w.....I.v48.\1-4.eps$ A Review of studies on the concept of Grief Attempts to Approach Human Experiences of Loss Nozomi HASHIMOTO Bereavement is one of the biggest and most important issues in our life. Researchers, theorists