中村麻美・安倍 弘・岩田隆太郎:神奈川県藤沢市近郊の小規模孤立林における樹上で活動するアリ類
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1 (38): 41 48, Feb Asami Nakamura, Hiroshi Abé and Ryûtarô Iwata: Arboreal Ants at Isolated Small Stands in Fujisawa City, Kanagawa Prefecture Abstract. The arboreal ant fauna was investigated at isolated small stands in Fujisawa City, Kanagawa Prefecture, from June to November in 2013 and Ants were directly collected mainly from the trunks of living Quercus acutissima and Chamaecyparis obtusa in the daytime. In total, 15 species belonging to nine genera in four subfamilies were obtained from the tree trunks. Among these ant species, eight species Camponotus quadrinotatus C. nawai, C. itoi, C. keihitoi, Crematogaster matumurai C. teranishii Monomorium intrudens and Dolichoderus sibiricus are regarded to be truly arboreal. During the survey, 1786 ant individuals were collected from Q.acutissima and 563 from C. obtusa. Lasius and Pristomyrmex pungens nearly always dominated on Q. acutissima and C. obtusa, respectively. The number of ant species and of individual ants collected from Q. acutissima was larger than that from C. obtusa. The number of ant species and of individual ants was positively correlated with air temperature and increased in the summer. In comparisons of the occurrence of ants among Q. acutissima, Q. serrata, C. obtusa Cryptomeria, Cornus controversa, and Prumus yedoensis, the ants used Q. acutissima significantly more than C. obtusa. In addition, comparisons of the number of individuals of seven ant species among the six tree species mentioned above showed that a larger number of ants were found on Q. serrata than on the other tree species, except for C. controversa. はじめに Hymenoptera Formicidae, 1981; Harada, 2005, 2011; Tanaka et al., 2010, 1987;, 1994;, 2006;, , 1979a, b, c, d, 1978, 1983;, 2010; Harada, 2011;, 材料と方法調査地と調査期間 1 41
2 Quercus acutissima Chamaecyparis obtusa Quercus serrata , 1994 調査項目と調査方法 1. 樹上での出現状況とその経時的変化 cm 2014 HI8564, HANNA 70% 樹種に対する選好性 Cryptomeria Cornus controversa 1 Prumus yedoensis 1 データ解析 Mann-Whitney U 3 Tukey-Kramer HSD =0.05 Spearman 6 1. / Tukey WSD =0.05 JMP ver. 4.0 SAS Institute Inc. Excel ver.7.0 結果 1. 樹上での出現状況とその経時的変化出現種 , , 3 Camponotus quadrinotatus C. nawai C. itoi C. keihitoi, Crematogaster matumurai C. teranishii Monomorium intrudens Dolichoderus sibiricus 8, 2003;, 2009;, 2010 Lasius Formica Camponotus Pristomyrmex pungens Crematogaster osakensis Brachyponera chinensis Tetramomorium chinense
3 ヤマアリ亜科 Formicinae 出現種 クヌギヒノキ 2013 年 2014 年 2013 年 2014 年 トビイロケアリ Lasius クロヤマアリ Formica クロオオアリ Camponotus japonicus * ヨツボシオオアリ C. quadrinotatus * ナワヨツボシオオアリ C. nawai * イトウオオアリ C. itoi * クサオオアリ C. keihitoi アミメアリ Pristomyrmex pungens * テラニシシリアゲアリ Crematogaster teranishii キイロシリアゲアリ C. osakensis フタフシアリ亜科 Myrmicinae * ハリブトシリアゲアリ C. matumurai トビイロシワアリ Tetramomorium chinense * ヒメアリ Monomorium intrudens カタアリ亜科 Dolichoderinae * シベリアカタアリ Dolichoderus sibiricus ハリアリ亜科 Ponerinae オオハリアリ Brachyponera chinensis ) 出現種数 ) 出現個体数 年合計 * 1), 2) 樹上活動性種, 全調査期間を通してクヌギとヒノキ間で有意差あり (Mann-Whitney U 検定 p<0.05). 年 / 月 / 日 時 トビイロケアリ Lasius クロヤマクロオオアリアリ Formica Campono- tus japonicus ヤマアリ亜科ヨツボシナワヨツオオアリボシオオ C. quadrinotatus C. アリ nawai イトウオオアリ C. itoi クサオオアリ C. keihitoi 出現種 アミメアリ Pristomyrmex pungens テラニシシリアゲアリ Crematogaster teranishii フタフシアリ亜科 キイロシリアゲアリ C. osakensis ハリブトシリアゲアリ C. matumurai トビイロシワアリ Tetramomorium chinense ヒメアリ Monomorium intrudens カタアリ亜科 シベリアカタアリ Dolichoderus sibiricus 出現出現種数個体数 2013/6/ /7/ /8/ /9/ /10/ /11/ /6/ /7/ /8/ /9/ /10/ /11/ 出現個体数合計
4 年 / 月 / 日時 トビイロケアリ Lasius クロヤマアリ Formica クロオオアリ Camponotus japonicus ヨツボシオオアリ C. quadrinotatus 出現種 ヤマアリ亜科フタフシアリ亜科 イトウオオアリ C. itoi クサオオアリ C. keihitoi アミメアリ Pristomyrmex pungens テラニシシリアゲアリ Crematogaster teranishii ハリアリ亜科 オオハリ アリ Brachyponera chinensis 出現種数 出現個体数 2013/6/ /7/ /8/ /9/ /10/ /11/ /6/ /7/ /8/ /9/ /10/ /11/ 出現個体数合計 年 / 月 / 日時 2013/6/21 9 クヌギ ヒノキ 優占種 出現頻度 (%) 優占種 トビイロケアリ Lasius 出現頻度 (%) 88.5 アミメアリ トビイロケアリ 91.2 アミメアリ トビイロケアリ 88.5 アミメアリ /7/25 9 トビイロケアリ アミメアリ 86.7 アミメアリ クロ 13 トビイロケアリ 78.9 ヤマアリ Formica トビイロケアリ 92.1 アミメアリ /8/23 9 アミメアリ Pristomyrmex pungens 58.6 アミメアリ クロヤマアリ 13 アミメアリ アミメアリ 52.6 アミメアリ クロヤマアリ /9/18 9 アミメアリ 46.8 トビイロケアリ トビイロケアリ 62.5 アミメアリ 71.4 アミメアリ テラ ニシシリアゲアリ 17 トビイロケアリ 78.8 Crematogaster 50.0 teranishii 2013/10/19 9 トビイロケアリ トビイロケアリ トビイロケアリ /11/28 9 トビイロケアリ /6/29 9 アミメアリ 72.2 アミメアリ アミメアリ 61.9 トビイロケアリ トビイロケアリ 40.0 クロヤマアリ /7/29 9 トビイロケアリ 52.1 アミメアリ トビイロケアリ 63.6 アミメアリ トビイロケアリ 46.8 アミメアリ /8/22 9 アミメアリ 55.3 アミメアリ トビイロケアリ 33.3 アミメアリ トビイロケアリ 61.5 アミメアリ /9/27 9 トビイロケアリ 77.7 アミメアリ トビイロケアリ トビイロケアリ /10/29 9 トビイロケアリ トビイロケアリ トビイロケアリ /11/21 9 トビイロケアリ トビイロケアリ トビイロケアリ
5 33.3 % 100 % 38.5 % 100 % 出現種数 p< 出現種数 クヌギヒノキ 2013 年 2014 年 2013 年 2014 年 Mann-Whitney U p< , A:, B: a, b (Tukey-Kramer HSD p<0.05) A:, B: 45
6 11 Tukey-Kramer HSD p< p<0.05 : r 2 =0.81, Spearman =0.86, p<0.05; : r 2 =0.36, =0.80, p< 出現個体数 p<0.05 Mann-Whitney U p= Mann-Whitney U p< Tukey-Kramer HSD p< p<0.05 : r 2 =0.39, Spearman =0.76, p<0.05; : r 2 =0.52, =0.85, p<0.05 アリ類の採餌対象物 Chironomidae 1 1 Coleoptera Tuberculatus capitatus 2. 樹種に対する選好性 A:, B: a, b (Tukey-Kramer HSD p<0.05) A: B: 46
7 出現種 樹 種 コナラ ヒノキ クヌギ スギ ソメイヨシノ ミズキ トビイロケアリ Lasius クロヤマアリ Formica ヤマアリ亜科 Formicinae クロオオアリ Camponotus japonicus ナワヨツボシオオアリ C. nawai クサオオアリ C. keihitoi アミメアリ Pristomyrmex pungens フタフシアリ亜科 Myrmicinae キイロシリアゲアリ Crematogaster osakensis ) アリ類出現樹木数 / 調査樹木数 2) 平均出現個体数合計 5/8 1/8 a 5/6 b 0/2 0/2 1/ a 1.26 b 1.38 b 0 b 0 b 4.00 p p Tukey WSD p< Tukey-Kramer HSD p< 考察 , , 1994;, Ribas et al., 2003, 2005, 1941, 1979a, d 1 Harada, 2011, 1979b, c; Harada, 2005;,
8 Longino,1989; Basset, 1992 Schulz & Wagner, 2002 Floren et al., 2002, 謝辞 引用文献, , 10: JADG, online ac.jp/j/ accessed on 2016-March-10 Basset, Y Host specificity of arboreal and freeliving insect herbivores in rain forests. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 47: , , 94: Floren, A., A. Biun & K. E. Linsenmair, Arboreal ants as key predators in tropical lowland rainforest trees. Oecologia, 131: Harada, Y Diel and seasonal patterns of foraging activity in the arboreal ant Crematogaster matsumurai Forel. Entomological Science, 8: Harada, Y Arboreal ant fauna of Joyama Park, Kagoshima Prefecture, southern Japan. Asian Myrmecology, 4: , , 65: R.W. Taylor, pp,., Hymenoptera Formicidae,, pp , Longino, J. T Geographic variation and community structure in an ant-plant mutualism: Azteca and Cecropia in Costa Rica. Biotropica, 21: , , 38: , pp.,., , 15: 1 9.,1979a.., pp ,.,1979b. I Formica fusca var. MOTSCHULSKY., pp ,.,1979c. II Lasius niger L.., pp ,., 1979d.., pp ,. Ribas, C. R., J. H. Schoereder, M. Pic & S. M. Soares, Tree heterogeneity, resource availability, and larger scale processes regulating arboreal ant species richness. Austral Ecology, 28: , :., :. pp ,. Schulz, A. & T. Wagner, Influence of forest type and tree species on canopy ants Hymenoptera: Formicidae in Budongo Forest, Uganda. Oecologia, 133: Tanaka, H.O., S. Yamane & T. Itioka, Withintree distribution of nest sites and foraging areas of ants on canopy trees in a tropical rainforest in Borneo. Population Ecology, 52: , , 30: , , 49 2 : , pp.,., , 44: , , 20: , 1978., 28: , 1983., 33: ,1981.., 38: , :. 202pp,., , 40:
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