multi-peaked size distribution having few young individuals, suggesting that population decline will follow the death of extant individuals. Repeated

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1 (Japanese Journal of Conservation Ecology) 19 : (2014) 調査報告 The status and conservation of the largest population of the vulnerable tree Acer pycnanthum in the Iwayado habitat, central Japan Ayako Kanazashi 1, Satoshi Kikuchi 2, Masayuki Sugiyama 3, Kiyoshi Ishida 4, Teruyoshi Nagamitsu 2, and Wajiro Suzuki 5 1 Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 2 Department of Forest Genetics, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 3 Research Planning and Coordination Department, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 4 Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 5 Tadami Beech Center, Tadami-machi, Fukushima II Acer pycnanthum 2 A 7.5 ha B 0.9 ha A A 15 cm 785 B 44 A A J B B A A Abstract: Acer pycnanthum (Sapindaceae), a dioecious tree endemic to Japan, is designated as vulnerable on the Japanese Red List. In this study, we evaluated the status and demography of the largest known population of this maple in the Iwayado habitat in Sendanbayashi, Gifu Prefecture. All individuals of A. pycnanthum > 15 cm in girth at breast height (gbh) were mapped, and their size, stem number, flowerring, and sex were recorded. In total, 785 and 44 individuals of A. pycnanthum were observed in two subpopulations located 150 m apart: Area A (7.5 ha) and Area B (0.9 ha), respectively. The subpopulation in Area A showed an inverted J-shaped size distribution, indicating sustainable regeneration. In contrast, the subpopulation in Area B showed a Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Hitsujigaoka 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido , Japan ayakoka@ffpri.affrc.go.jp

2 multi-peaked size distribution having few young individuals, suggesting that population decline will follow the death of extant individuals. Repeated past human activities such as clear cutting may have created large open spaces for successful regeneration of A. pycnanthum. While most A. pycnanthum populations are small and declining due to poor regeneration, the continuous monitoring of population dynamics in the Iwayado habitat is important in assisting management strategies for sustainable conservation of this species. Keywords: forest management history, largest population, size structure, vulnerable species Acer pycnanthum K. Koch Ogata Barnes et al Saeki 2010b 4 II I rdb/rl2012/redlist2012_ikansoku.csv ha 20 Saeki 2005b Suzuki and Kanazashi Saeki 2005b Suzuki and Kanazashi 調査地の概況と土地の利用履歴 m Cryptomeria japonica D. Don Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold et Zucc.) Endl. Phyllostachys heterocycla Mitford Quercus glauca Thunb. ex Murray Quercus sessilifolia Blume m 220 m 7.48 ha A m B 80 m 110 m 0.88 ha Suzuki and Kanazashi 2011 B A A 140

3 1 Magnolia stellata Maxim. 4 Sasa nipponica Makino et Shibata B Quercus serrata Thunb. ex Murray Evodiopanax innovans Nakai Suzuki and Kanazashi A B 2005 A B 1 B A 141

4 調査方法 A cm A B Saeki 2010a 15 cm mm 15 cm A 189 B 22 VERTEX IV Haglof 10 cm Suzuki and Kanazashi Iwayado-1, 2, A cm 3 4 A 629 B 28 データ解析方法 A B Sk Kw X i µ X n σ A B U A B 1/2 R R development core team 2008 ハナノキの個体群分布 cm A 785 B 44 A A 7.5 ha B 0.9 ha ha 48.8 ha A B 1 A 5 cm B 個体群のサイズ構造 cm A 957 B 75 1 A 9 B 5 A 84.2 B A 1.22 ± ± B 1.70 ± B p = p = A ± cm 2 B 44 1,071.4 ± cm 2 3 B A p <

5 2 3 A J (Sk) = 4.28 B Sk = 1.04 A B p < A ± 5.07 m B ± 4.52 m B p < A m Sk = 0.07 B m Sk = p = ,000 cm 2 30 m 5 ハナノキ個体群の動態 cm cm 15 cm cm 20 cm cm 25 cm ± cm ± 4.31 cm 143

6 4 5 p < ± 1.09 cm 0.14 cm 開花状況と雌雄性 A 41 B 39 A B p = p = A 19.1 ± 9.21 cm 18.1 ± cm 8.0 ± 2.62 cm B 32.2 ± 8.85 cm 30.9 ± 8.40 cm 7, 8 A B B p = cm 5.73 cm A A

7 6 A Suzuki and Kanazashi 2011 B 28 A B p = A p < 2.2e-16 ハナノキ自生地の特徴と岩屋堂自生地 A ha Barnes et al Saeki 2005b ha 5.6 ha Saeki 2005b ha 2,000 m 1,000 m 170 A 7.5 ha 岩屋堂自生地個体群の特徴と人為的影響 A B A J B

8 7 A B DBH p < 0.01 Mann-Whitney 8 10 Suzuki and Kanazashi 2011 B A A A A 1 50 cm A 146

9 A Suzuki and Kanazashi 2011 Saeki 2010a B A Suzuki and Kanazashi 2011 A B A B 開花および雌雄性 B A Shibata and Tanaka cm 1 : 1 Bullock 1982 Allen and Antos 1993 Ueno and Seiwa 2003 Tozawa et al Podocarpus nagi (Thunb.) Zoll. et Moritz. Nanami et al Bullock 1982 Nanami et al Ueno et al : 1.5 Saeki 2008 A 7 1 : cm 8 Clark and Clark 1987 Allen and Antos 1993 Acer rufinerve Siebold et Zucc. Ushimaru and Matsui 岩屋堂自生地の重要性と保全 50 km 1969 Barnes et al Saeki 2005a B Suzuki and Kanazashi 2011 A

10 B A A A H Allen GA, Antos JA (1993) Sex ratio variation in the dioecious shrub Oemleria cerasiformis. American Naturalist 141: Barnes VB, Saeki I, Kitazawa A (2004) Occurrence and landscape ecology of a rare disjunct maple species, Acer pycnanthum, and comparison with Acer rubrum. Environmental Reviews 12: Bullock SH (1982) Population structure and reproduction in the neotropical dioecious tree Compsoneura sprucei. Oecologia 55: Clark DA, Clark DB (1987) Temporal and environmental patterns of reproduction in Zamia Skinneri, a tropical rain forest cycad. Journal of Ecology 75: (2002). ( ). pp ,. (2003).,. (1969) (1). 2:1-16. Nanami S, Kawaguchi H, Yamakura T (2005) Sex ratio and gender-dependent neighboring effects in Podocarpus nagi, a dioecious tree. Plant Ecology 177: Ogata K (1965) A dendrological study of the Japanese Aceraceae, with special reference to the geographical distribution. Bulletin of the Tokyo University Forests 60:1-99. R Development Core Team (2008). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna. Saeki I (2005a) Application of aerial survey for detecting a rare maple species and endangered wetland ecosystem. Forest Ecology and Management 216: Saeki I (2005b) Ecological occurrence of the endangered Japanese red maple, Acer pycnanthum: Base line for ecosystem conservation. Landscape and Ecological Engineering 1: Saeki I (2008) Sexual reproductive biology of the endangered Japanese red maple (Acer pycnanthum). Ecological Research 23: Saeki I (2010a) Juvenile sprouting ability of the endangered maple, Acer pycnanthum. Landscape and Ecological Engineering 6:1-9. Saeki I (2010b) Physical site characteristics of wetland ecosystems dominated by the endangered maple, Acer pycnanthum. Landscape and Ecological Engineering 6:

11 132. Shibata M, Tanaka H (2002) Reproductive traits of trees in OFR. In: Nakashizuka T, Matsumoto Y (eds) Diversity and Interaction in a Temperate Forest Community: Ogawa Forest Reserve of Japan. pp Springer, Tokyo. Suzuki W, Kanazashi A (2011) Tree composition and stand structure in the habitats of a rare tree species, Acer pycnanthum, with special reference to the human impact. Bulletin of FFPRI 10: Tozawa M, Ueno N, Seiwa K (2009) Compensatory mechanisms for reproductive costs in the dioecious tree Salix integra. Botany 87: Ueno N, Seiwa K. (2003) Gender-specific shoot structure and functions in relation to habitat conditions in a dioecious tree, Salix sachalinensis. Journal of Forest Research 8:9-16. Ueno N, Suyama Y, Seiwa K (2007) What makes the sex ratio female-biased in the dioecious tree Salix sachalinensis. Journal of Ecology 95: Ushimaru A, Matsui K (2001) Sex change in tree species: Long-term monitoring of sex expression in Acer rufinerve. Nordic Journal of Botany 21: (2001) ( ).,. (2008) 1. 56:

論文

2 Examination of forest management corresponding to bamboo reproductive patterns in the plantations of Sugi and Hinoki invaded by bamboo. Itsuro KATANODADivision of Forestry management, Kagoshima Prefectural