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1 呼吸筋トレーニングが運動パフォーマンスを向上させるメカニズムの解明 ~ 近赤外線分光法を用いた検証 ~ Mechanism Underlying Performance Improvement Through Respiratory Muscle Training: A Near-infrared Spectroscopy-based Study by Tomoharu Kitada, Sachio Kawai, Kazuhiko Sakuma, Akira Nakamura, Hisashi Naito Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University ABSTRACT Previous studies have reported that respiratory muscle training improves performance during prolonged high-intensity exercise; however, the mechanism remains unclear. With an aim to gain insights into the underlying mechanism, we simultaneously monitored respiratory and lower limb muscle oxygenation patterns using near-infrared spectroscopy NIRSduring high-intensity cycling exercise before and after weeks of inspiratory muscle training. Sixteen healthy young men were assigned to either experimental inspiratory muscle training : IMTor sham SHAMtraining groups and underwent inspiratory muscle training for more than days per week for weeks. The subjects underwent constant load test at % VO max on a cycle ergometer until Vol.
2 exhaustion both before and after training. Oxygenation in both intercostal and vastus lateralis muscles were measured using NIRS during the test. In addition, maximal inspiratory pressure MIPwas measured using spirometer every weeks for the duration of the training. After inspiratory muscle training, MIP increased significantly in the IMT group but not in the SHAM group. Furthermore, time to the limit of exercise tolerance prolonged significantly in the IMT group but not in the SHAM group. However, no significant changes were found in oxygenation in both intercostal and vastus lateralis muscles in both the groups. These findings suggest that inspiratory muscle training improves high-intensity cycling exercise performance by factors other than enhanced oxygenation in both respiratory and lower limb muscles. 要旨 NIRS inspiratory muscle training : IMT SHAM %V O max NIRS MIP IMT MIP SHAM IMT SHAM 諸言 Vol.
3 表 1Physical characteristics of IMT and SHAM groups Characteristics IMT groupn = SHAM groupn = value Age, years.... n.s. Height, cm.... n.s. Weight, kg.... n.s. Lean body mass, kg.... n.s. Fat,%.... n.s. Skinfold thickness of intercostal, mm.... n.s. Skinfold thickness of vastus lateralis, mm.... n.s. V Omax, mlkg - min n.s. Power at %V O max, W n.s. Values are mean SD. Abbreviation: VO max, maximal oxygen uptake / / near-infrared spectroscopy: NIRS NIRS NIRS 1. 研究方法 1.1 被験者 表 実験デザイン NIRS RPE Vol.
4 1.3 自転車負荷テスト V O max /.kp %V O max / % V Omax %V O max %V O max time to the limit of exercise tolerance: Tlim AE-S V O V CO V E V E / VO T V RRR DS- ECG 1.4 肺機能および呼吸筋力 Autospiro AS-,, vital capacity: VCforced vital capacity: FVCforced expiratory volume -second: FEV.FEV./ FVC ratio: FEV.%maximal voluntary ventilation: MVV maximal inspiratory pressure: MIP maximal expiratory pressure: MEP MIP 1.5 肋間筋および外側広筋における酸素動態 NIRSPocket NIRS Duo oxyhb/mb deoxyhb/ Mb totalhb/mbau cm., M, cm cm, SSD-, Vol.
5 , NIRS Niwayama et al. NIRS NIRS PC NIRS Hz 1.6 呼吸筋トレーニング POWERbreathe Plus; International Ltd., UK MIP % inspiratory muscle training : IMTMIP % SHAM 1.7 統計処理 SPSSVer..; SPSS Inc, USA t Bonferroni RPENIRS % 2. 研究結果 2.1 肺機能および呼吸筋力の変化 表 2 VCFVCFEV.FEV.%MVV VCFEV.% MVV FVC FEV. MEP Vol. 表 2Changes in pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength IMT groupn = SHAM groupn = Two-way ANOVAp-value wk wk wk wk wk wk wk wk Time Group Interaction VC, L n.s. n.s. n.s. FVC, L <. n.s. n.s. FEV., L <. n.s. n.s. FEV.%, % n.s. n.s. n.s. MVV, L n.s. n.s. n.s. MIP, cmh O ** <. <. <. MEP, cmh O <. n.s. n.s. Values are meansd. Significant difference between IMT group and SHAM groupp <. Significant difference between IMT group and SHAM group p<. ** Significant difference from before trainingp <.VC, vital capacity; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV., forced expiratory volume -second; FEV.%, FEV./FVC; MVV, maximal voluntary ventilation; MIP, maximal inspiratory pressure; MEP, maximal expiratory pressure.
6 MIP IMT 2.2 自転車固定負荷テストにおける運動パフォーマンスの変化 Tlim SHAM Tlim IMT Tlim 図 SHAM IMT 図 1 Changes in time to the limit of exercise tolerance Tlimbefore and after imspiratory muscle training. Data are presented as the mean± SD. ** Significant difference from before the trainingp <. Significant difference between groups after trainingp <. Tlim(s) Before After Time Group : p < 0.01 Time : p < 0.01 Group : n.s. 2.3 吸気筋トレーニング前後における自転車固定負荷テスト中の各パラメータの変化 RPE IMT SHAM IMT SHAM RPE oxyhb/mbdeoxyhb/mbtotalhb/mb V O V EV E/ V O T V RRR 表 3 3. 考察 %V O max Tlim IMT %V O max 表 3Changes in NIRS and pulmonary gas exchange parameters at exhaustion during contant load cycling exercise at %V O max IMT groupn = SHAM groupn = Beforewk Afterwk Beforewk Afterwk V O, mlkg - min V E, L V E /V O, L Tidal volume, ml,,,, Respiratory rate, breaths/min Respiratory quotient oxyhb/mb of intercostal, AU deoxyhb/mb of intercostal, AU totalhb/mb of intercostal, AU oxyhb/mb of vastus lateralis, AU deoxyhb/mb of vastus lateralis, AU totalhb/mb of vastus lateralis, AU Values are mean SD. Abbreviation: oxyhb/mb, oxygenated hemoglobin and myoglobin; deoxyhb/mb, deoxygenated hemoglobin and myoglobin; total Hb/Mb, the sum of oxyhb/mb and deoxyhb/mb. Vol.
7 %V O max IMT MIP muscle sympathetic nerve activity: MSNA,, MSNA NIRS RPE Kowalchuk NIRS / / VO max V O max Tlim 4. 結論 / Vol.
8 謝辞 文献 Dempsey J.A., Romer L., Rodman J., et al., Consequences of exercise-induced respiratory muscle work. Respir. physiol. neurobiol., 151- :- Illi S.K., Held U., Frank I., et al., Effect of respiratory muscle training on exercise performance in healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med., 42:- McConnell A.K., Romer L.M., Respiratory muscle training in healthy humans: resolving the controversy. Int. J. Sports Med., 25:- Costes F., Prieur F., Feasson L., et al., Influence of training on NIRS muscle oxygen saturation during submaximal exercise. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 33 :- Chance B., Dait M.T., Zhang C., et al., Recovery from exercise-induced desaturation in the quadriceps muscles of elite competitive rowers. Am. J. Physiol., 262 Pt :C- Vogiatzis I., Athanasopoulos D., Habazettl H., et al., Intercostal muscle blood flow limitation in athletes during maximal exercise. J. physiol., 587Pt :- Guenette J.A., Vogiatzis I., Zakynthinos S., et al., Human respiratory muscle blood flow measured by near-infrared spectroscopy and indocyanine green. J. Appl. Physiol.104:- Niwayama M., Lin L., Shao J., et al., Quantitative measurement of muscle hemoglobin oxygenation using near-infrared spectroscopy with correction for the influence of a subcutaneous fat layer. Rev. Sci. Instr., 71:- Enright S.J., Unnithan V.B., Heward C., et al., Effect of high-intensity inspiratory muscle training on lung volumes, diaphragm thickness, and exercise capacity in subjects who are healthy. Phys. Ther., 86:- St Croix C.M., Morgan B.J., Wetter T.J., et al., Fatiguing inspiratory muscle work causes reflex sympathetic activation in humans. J. physiol., 529 Pt :- Sheel A.W., Derchak P.A., Morgan B.J., et al., Fatiguing inspiratory muscle work causes reflex reduction in resting leg blood flow in humans. J. physiol., 537Pt :- Harms C.A., Babcock M.A., McClaran S.R., et al., Respiratory muscle work compromises leg blood flow during maximal exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 82:- Harms C.A., Wetter T.J., St Croix C.M., et al., Effects of respiratory muscle work on exercise performance. J. Appl. Physiol., 89:- Mello P.R., Guerra G.M., Borile S., et al., Inspiratory muscle training reduces sympathetic nervous activity and improves inspiratory muscle weakness and quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure: a clinical trial. J. Cardiopulm. Rehabil. prev., 32:- Gething A.D., Williams M., Davies B., Inspiratory resistive loading improves cycling capacity: a placebo controlled trial. Br. J. Sports Med., 38 :- Kowalchuk J.M., Rossiter H.B., Ward S.A., et al. The effect of resistive breathing on leg muscle oxygenation using near-infrared spectroscopy during exercise in men. Exp. Physiol., 87:- Vol.
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The effect of fatigued muscle to the joint position sense of normal knee in young male 1) 2) Kentaro Sasaki 1) Kousei Yamamoto 2) 1) 1200 TEL076-276-4400 FAX076-275-4316 1) Department of Physical Therapy,
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Human Developmental Research 2003, Vol.17, 1-23 How Youth Evaluates Parents-child Relationships During Their School Age Osaka Gakuin University Kwansei Gakuin University SOGON, Shunya SOGON, AKAO, Yoriko
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The Effect of Visual Occlusion during Quiet Eye Training on Free-Throw Accuracy in Novice Basketball Player Yuuki MIZUSAKI, Hiroki NAKAMOTO, Shiro MORI Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate
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NODERA, K.*, TANAKA, Y.**, RAFAEL, F.*** and MIYAZAKI, Y.**** : Relationship between rate of success and distance of shooting on fade-away shoot in fe
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CO2 Laser Treatment of Tinea Pedis Masahiro UEDA:,' Kiyotaka KITAMURA** and Yukihiro GOKOH*** Table I Specifications 1. Kind of Laser 2. Wavelength of Lasers. Power of Laser. Radiation Mode. Pulse Duration.
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Arts and Sciences X The formulation of femoral heard measurement corrected enlargement ratio using hip joints X-ray Imaging 1 2 1 1 1 2 Key words: Bipolar Hip Arthroplasty (BHA) Preoperative planning Enlargement
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