From Al-Juwayni to Al-Ghazali: The Transition towards the Formulation of the Concept of Maslalra ABSTRACT There have been many studies about maslaha s
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1 From Al-Juwayni to Al-Ghazali: The Transition towards the Formulation of the Concept of Maslalra ABSTRACT There have been many studies about maslaha since the early 20th century and they agree that Al-Ghazali (d.1111, 505A. H.) formulated maslaha as a legal concept. They, however, only discuss maslaha from Al-Ghazali on, so it has remained unclear on what kind of theoretical bases Al-Ghazali formulated his famous maslaha thesis by now. In this paper I present some parts of maslaha theory by Al- Juwayni (d.1085, 478A.H.) so as to consider how Al-Ghazali innovated former theories of maslaha. The core of Al-Ghazali's maslaha thesis is that he defined it as 'the purpose of God's law'. Al-Juwayni, in his book Al-Burhan, uses the words 'the intention of the lawgiver' When writing abaut maslaha. Although he discussed that both maslaha and 'the intention of the lawgiver' were ultimate sources of all legal judgements, he treated them a little differently. Legal theorist before Al-Juwayni had regarded maslaha as God's law itself or compliance with it. Then it can be said that Al-Ghazali could have depended on his master, Al-Juwayni's theory of maslaha, or at least got some crucial ideas from it even if the position as the formulator of maslaha is appropriate to Al-Ghazali. Ph. D. student, The University of Tokyo
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12 (4) B. Weiss, The Search for God's Law: Islamic Jurisprudence in the Writing of Sayf al-din al-amidi, Utah, 1992, 23. Abdel Saflo, Al-Juwayni's Thought and Methodology, Berlin, 2000; 'Abd al-'azim Muhammad al-dib, Fiqh Imam al-haramayn: khasd'is-hu, athar-hu, manzilat-hu,
13 (6) A. Paret, "Istihsan and Istislah," in H. A.R. Gibb et al. (eds.), The Encyclopaedia Kh. Masud, Islamic Legal Philosophy: A Study of Abu Ishaq al-shatibi's Life and Thought, Delhi, 1977, ; Abdel-Magid Turki, "Al-Ghazali, juriste et sa theorie de l'istislah," in his Ghazali: La Raison et le miracle, Paris, 1987, 17-26; I. A. Kh. Nyazee, Theories of Islamic Law: The Methodology of Ijtihad, Islamabad, 13; W. Hallaq, A History of Islamic Legal Theories, Cambridge, 1997, 132. (7) Mustasfa, Vol.1, 217. (8) Mustasfa, Vol.1, , chap. "On Inductive Corroboration, Probability and Certainty in Sunni Legal Thought," in N.L. Heer (ed.), Islamic Law and Jurisprudence, Washington, 1990, 29. (10) Mustasfa, Vol.1, 222. (12) Taj al-din Subki, Tabaqat al-shafi 'iyya al-kubra, 10vols., Cairo, 1918, Vol. 4, 88 (13) 'Abd al-malik b. 'Abd Allah Imam al-haramayn al-juwayni, Al-Burhan fi usul (14) Burhan, Vol.2,
14 (19) W. Hallaq, "Considerations on the Function and Character of Sunni Legal Theory," Journal of the American Oriental Society 104 (1984), 686. (20) ibid. (21) Muhammad b. Ahmad al-khwarizmi, Mafdtih al-'ulum, Beirut, 1991, 20. (22) N. Shehaby, "Illa and Qiyas in Early Islamic Legal Theory," Journal of the American Oriental Society 102 (1982), 34. (23) M. Bernand, "Hanafi Usul al-fiqh Through a Manuscript of al-gassas," Journal of the American Oriental Society 105 (1985), Hallaq, History, (25) Abu Bakr Ahmad b. Muhammad al-razi al-jassas, Al-Fusul f al-usul, ed. by Muhammad Muhammad Tamir, Beirut, 2vols., 2000, Vol.2, 202, (O Fusul (26) Fusul, Vol.2, 288; Bernand, "Hanafi Usul al-fiqh," 627. (27) Fusul, Vol.2, 202. (28) Shehaby, "'Illa and Qiyas," 41. (29) Fusul, Vol.2, 207. (30) Fusul, Vol.2, 242. (31) W. Hallaq, "The Development of Logical Structure in Sunni Legal Theory," Der Islam 64/1 (1987), (32) Kitdb al-'ibar, Vol.1, 487. (33) M. Bernand, LAccord unanime de la commuaute comme fondement des statuts legaux de l'islam d'apres Abu l-husayn al-basrt, Paris, 1970, (34) Abu al-husayn al-basri, Al-Mu'tamad f usul al figh, ed. by Khalil al-mays, 2 hart, Before Revelation: The Boundaries of Muslim Moral Thought, Albany, 1995, 40-41,
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