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1 Journal of Fisheries Technology Predation on the Short-neck Clam Ruditapes philippinarum by Intertidal Fishes: a List of Fish Predators Toshihiro SHIGETA and Hironori USUKI Recently, commercial catches of the short-neck clam Ruditapes philippinarum have decreased in Japan. Especially in the Seto Inland Sea, western Japan, the clam catches have remarkably dropped. Several reports suggest that predation by fishes is one of the most important factors for the survival of the clam. In this review, we made a list of fish species that forage on the short-neck clam in the field. Twenty-three fishes ranging from Myliobatidae to Tetraodontidae 2 familiesare listed in the world. Among them, 2 intertidal fishes 2 familiesoccur in Japan. It was clarified that five fishes, the Longheaded eagle ray Aetobatus flagellum, the Black porgy Acanthopagrus schlegelii, the Yellowfin seabream A. latus, the Kyuusen wrasse Parajulis poecilepterus and the Grass puffer Takifugu niphobles, foraged on whole adult-sized clam 20 mm shell length. At least, the siphon was cropped by eight fishes including the Stone flounder Kareius bicoloratus, the Marbled sole Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae, and the Japanese sillago Sillago japonica. Meanwhile, the Black porgy and the Kyuusen wrasse preyed on all parts except the foot of the clam. We are continuing to analyze details of the interaction between these intertidal fishes and the short-neck clam Ruditapes philippinarum t ,023t t 23 / ,575t 2009 /784 53t % 2 6,82ha Costal Fisheries and Environment Division, National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, FRA, Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima , Japan shigeta@fra.affrc.go.jp 2

2 アサリ類の漁獲量 (t) 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 0,000 瀬戸内海周防灘 西暦 ( 年 ) 日本海 ( 外海 ) 木屋川 福岡県豊前海 山口県 椹野川山口 ( 小郡 ) 湾厚狭川佐波川山陽大海湾小野田厚東川 周防灘 中津山国川 大分県 守江湾 別府湾 本州 廿日市大野 岩国門前川 ( 錦川 ) 田布施川平生湾 伊予灘 太田川 広島湾 広島 安芸灘 広島県 松永湾 尾道 芦田川福山 備後 芸予瀬戸 松山 今治 愛媛県 西条 四国 燧灘 岡山県笠岡湾 香川県 九州豊後水道 ( 外海 ) 50km 2 4 2

3 Aetobatus flagellum 2003 Acanthopagrus schlegelii mm 20mm Fish Base Aetobatus flagellum YAMAGUCHI %.0% 9.8% t3, t9, t, t3, cm 2 3cm cm Crassostrea gigas Mytilus galloprovincialis p. 3

4 20mm 20mm Aetobatus flagellum Myliobatis tobijei Anguilla japonica Tribolodon hakonensis +? + Tribolodon brandti + Hexagrammos otakii + + Acanthopagrus schlegelii Acanthopagrus latus + + Sillago japonica + Sillago parvisquamis + Pile perch Rhacochilus vacca + Parajulis poecilepterus Callionymus beniteguri + Acanthogobius flavimanus A Acentrogobius sp. A + Kareius bicoloratus Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae Platichthys stellatus + Lepidopsetta bilineata + English sole Parophrys vetulus + Takifugu niphobles Takifugu rubripes + +? 4

5

6 , t t3,023 0t0,000 78t 230.9t cm 6 Mactra chinensis Fulvia mutica % 85.0cm DNA cm cm cm 44.5cm 2 5% 50cm 30cm 40 50cm 2kg kg Myliobatis tobijei 3 Myliobatis tobijei % 0.4% 0.5% A. narinari Mobula japanica Anguilla japonica 4 Meretrix lusoria Tribolodon hakonensis 45cm cm Aetobatus flagellum 6 70 p p. 6

7 43 2.2mm Nuttallia japonica 2 Musculista senhousia cm 6.mm Corbicula japonica Laternula Exolaternulamarilina ,267t 44 Tribolodon brandti cm cm 222 2mm Hexagrammos otakii t t cm mm cm cm %2/ cm 47.4% 26.6% 26.6% 2.9%.6% cm 60.6% 30.2% 9.%.% 2.2% cm 5 50% 96% 20cm cm 47 7

8 6.4%3/ cm 6 53 H. agrammus cm cm8.5cm Acanthopagrus schlegelii ,537t,874t cm cm 0cm 3 5cm cm 2.5cm cm 3.0cm 3.7cm NIP cm % 2.5cm % cm 2.6% 3 33cm p. 8

9 cm 25.0% 0.6% cm cm 25 32% 20% 0.3cm cm 8.0cm 6.0cm cm 20 2cm 5 6g g 3.37% cm cmn 2 76% 66.2% 47/ % mm r 0.557p 0.0n 22 4 Arcachon 988 Gilthead bream Sparus aurata Gray triggerfish Balistes capriscus 60 ROBERT and PARRA cm S. aurata mm mm % Acanthopagrus latus cm mm2.4mm 8.0mm 8.0mm Veremolpa micra cm 0cm n cm n p p. 9

10 % 62 80% 663 Sillago japonica cm ,600 44% 26% 4% 7% Philine argentata 46% 28% 6% 7% 6% cm 0 0cmn cm n % 3.2% cm 58% Solen strictus 73% 20 30m Sillago parvisquamis 6566 IA cm cm2 25.5cm4 3.cm 6.6cm2 22.0cm4 26.7cm 68 40cm % 9% 8% % 8% 70 Ditrema temminckii D. viride Neoditrema ransonneti KATAFUCHI and NAKABO 72 D. temminckii D. jordani D. temminckii pacificum D. t. temminckii 2 3 KATAFUCHI and NAKABO 72 0

11 Rhacochilus vacca 44.2cm 22 Lepidopsetta bilineataenglish sole Parophrys vetulus Platichthys stellatus 20mm 0 Parajulis poecilepterus t t cmn % 26.0% 0 20cmn 4 6.8% 29.5% cm Initial Phase 6.0mm 2mm 9.6cm Terminal Phase 25mm Rhyncopelates oxyrhynchus Acanthogobius flavimanus 74 Callionymus beniteguri cm 4.9mm cm n 90.0% 63.5% Callionymus curvicornis Acanthogobius flavimanus cm % 8% cm cm

12 % cm cm 63 Acentrogobius Acentrogobius pflaumii A cm 5 9.0mm mm 3.3.4mm cm mm A A B Kareius bicoloratus cm cm 5.0cm cm 0cm cm cm cm 82 3cm 3cm 3cm SASAKI cm 2.0cm ,375 Nitidotellina hokkaidoensis 2008 A p. 2

13 cm % 3cm cm % cm 5.4cm cmn 9 37% 68% cm6 80% 30% %.7 8.0mmn cm 5cm cm 30.8cm cm 0% 4 8 Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae cm cm cmn 20 95% 3cm cm % cm % 34.3% 33.9%

14 0 20cm cm n 25 Marphysa sanguinea 72%44%24%32% mm mm 2 6mm 3 6.9cm 4 TSURUTA and OMORI 85 8 Lepidopsetta bilineata Pile perch English sole 3 20mm 0 86 Parophrys vetulus Platichthys stellatus Takifugu niphobles cm mm6.8mm 6.3mm cm mm Takifugu rubripes t t km 40km cm 6cm cm cm

15 INTONG cmn cm cm cm cm 6 5.0cm 6 Glossogobius olivaceus Tricentiger obscurus cm 6 8 Tellina tenuis 992 MEYER and BYERS pp. 5

16 8 T. tenuis T. tenuis pp pp pp pp pp pp

17 TOBA, D. R., D. S. THOMPSON, K. K. CHEW, G. J. ANDERSON and M. B. MILLER pp pp pp Aetobatus flagellum No p pp. 22Fish Base, pp I pp II pp Aetobatus flagellum Bloch et Schneider Myliobatidae pp., 449 p I.O.P.Diving News YAMAGUCHI A., I. KAWAHARA and S. ITO2005Occurrence, growth and food of longheaded eagle ray, Aetobatus flagellum, in Ariake Sound, Kyushu, Japan. Environment Biology of Fishes,, vs. AQUA NEWS pp pp pp p Tribolodon hakuensis hakuensis GUNTHER

18 pp pp pp pp pp Sparus macrocephalus pp NIP, T.H.M., W-Y.HO and C.K.WONG 2003Feeding ecology of larval and juvenile black seabream Acanthopagrus schlegeli and Japanese seaperch Lateolabrax japonicusin Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong. Enviromental Biology of Fishes,, pp ROBERT. R. and R. PARRA 99Experimental study of predation by the gilthead bream, Sparus aurata and the gray triggerfish, Balistes capriscus on the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. Aquat. Libing Resour.,, 8-89.in French with English abstract pp p p pp Embiotocidae 97 p.576 p. 72KATAFUCHI and NAKABO 2007Revision of the East Asian genus Ditrema Embiotocidae, with description of a new subspecies. Ichtyological Research, 4, pp pp pp pp pp. 8

19 83SASAKI, K., M. KUDO, T. TOMIYAMA, K. ITO and M. OMORI 2002 Predation pressure on the siphons of the bivalve Nuttallia olibacea by the juvenile stone flounder Platichthys bicoloratus in the Natori River estuary, north-eastern Japan. Fish. Sci.,, pp. 85TSURUTA, Y. and M. OMORI 976Morphological characters of the oral organs of several flatfish species and their feeding behavior. Tohoku Journal of Agricultural Research, 2, Pleuronectidae pp pp pp pp pp. 90Sumonta INTONG TREVALLION, A., R.R.C. EDWARDS and J.H. STEELE 970 Dynamics of a benthic bivalve. in Marine Food Chains J.H. STEELE ed., Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, pp. 92TREVALLION, A. 97Studies on Tellina tenuis Da Costa III. Aspects of general ecology flow. J.exp.mar.Biol.Ecol.,, MEYER, J.J. and J.E. BYERS 2005As good as dead? Sublethal predation facilitates lethal predation on an intertidal clam. Ecology Letters,, pp. 9

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