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1 Journal of Environmental Biotechnology Vol. 4, No. 2, 95 99, 2005 総 説 ( 特 集 ) 脱 窒 性 リン 蓄 積 細 菌 を 利 用 した 下 水 処 理 技 術 および リン 資 源 回 収 の 可 能 性 Municipal Wastewater Treatment Using Denitrifying Phosphate-Accumulating Organisms and Its Potential for Phosphorus Recovery * SATOSHI TSUNEDA, TAKASHI OHNO, KOICHI SOEJIMA and AKIRA HIRATA * TEL: FAX: * stsuneda@waseda.jp Department of Chemical Engineering, Waseda University, Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo , Japan キーワード Key words: denitrifying phosphate-accumulating organisms, municipal wastewater treatment, biological nutrient removal, excess sludge, phosphorus recovery は じ め に / / (Anaerobic/Anoxic/Oxic: A 2 O) UCT (University of Cape Town) 23) C/N (Denitrifying Phosphate-Accumulating Organisms: DNPAOs) 3,7,15,19,22) 16,24) 2. 脱 窒 性 リン 蓄 積 細 菌 1 PHA (Polyhydroxyalkanoates)

2 96 1 (a) (b) PHA 10 15) 19) (Biological nutrient removal: BNR) BNR BNR 2/3 3/4 BNR 9,14) BNR COD C/N ,24) 3,8,32) 1,10) 3. 脱 窒 性 リン 蓄 積 細 菌 を 利 用 した 下 水 処 理 プロセス Singlesludge system Two-sludge system 3.1. Single-sludge system Single-sludge system 17) Single-sludge system Single-sludge system anaerobicaerobic-anoxic-aerobic sequencing batch reactor ((AO) 2 SBR) system 21) anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic process (AOA process) 28), anaerobic-aerobic SBR aerobic (dissolved oxygen: DO) 33) 1 (AO) 2 SBR (Phosphateaccumulating organisms: PAOs) 22,29) (Total organic carbon: TOC) ) ph (ORP) SBR (Anaerobic/Oxic/Anoxic:

3 97 1 Single-sludge system 21) (AO) 2 AOA 28) anaerobic-aerobic 33) C/N/P a 300/30/10 300/30/15 400/40/15 (L) SRT (days) DNPAOs b DO mg/l a C/N/P: COD/NH 4+ -N/PO 4 3 -P b 22,29) AOA) 28) AOA 2) AOA 1 2 AOA A 2 O 21 AOA 44 Zeng / DO mg/l 33) N 2 N 2 O N 2 O 2 AOA CO (Denitrifying glycogen-accumulating organisms: DNGAOs) Zeng 31) 3.2. Two-sludge system / DEPHANOX 4 6) A 2 N system 18,27) 3 18) 13) 4) COD ) COD/N 3.4 C/N ) Two-sludge system Single-sludge system 18) Single-sludge system SRT Twosludge system SRT UCT

4 98 3 COD 55 Activated Sludge Model No. 2d (ASM2d) 12) 31) UCT 11) Two-sludge system Single-sludge system Two-sludge system 22,29) ) A 2 O ) AO ) 4. 下 水 汚 泥 からのリン 回 収 の 可 能 性 ) 30) 1 A 2 O 4 (PAOs) 4 A 2 O Single-sludge system AOA AOA Two-sludge system Single-sludge system 13 文 1) Ahn, J., T. Daidou, S. Tsuneda, and A. Hirata Selection and dominance mechanisms of denitrifying phosphate-accumulating organisms in biological phosphate removal process. Biotechnol. Lett. 23: ) Ahn, J., T. Daidou, S. Tsuneda, and A. Hirata Transformation of phosphorus and relevant intracellular compounds 献

5 99 by a phosphorus-accumulating enrichment culture in the presence of both the electron acceptor and electron donor. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 79: ) Ahn, J., T. Daidou, S. Tsuneda, and A. Hirata Characterization of denitrifying phosphate-accumulating organisms cultivated under different electron acceptor conditions using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis assay. Water Res. 36: ) Bortone, G., F. Malaspina, L. Stane, and A. Tilche Biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal in an anaerobic/ anoxic sequencing batch reactor with separated biofilm nitrification. Water Sci. Technol. 30(6): ) Bortone, G., R. Saltarelli, V. Alonso, R. Sorm, J. Wanner, and A. Tilche Biological anoxic phosphorus removal The DEPHANOX process. Water Sci. Technol. 34(1-2): ) Bortone, G., L.S. Marisili, A. Tilche, and J. Wanner Anoxic phosphate uptake in the DEPHANOX process. Water Sci. Technol. 40(4-5): ) Chuang, S.H., C.F. Ouyang, and Y.B. Wang Kinetic competition between phosphorus release and denitrification on sludge under anoxic condition. Water Res. 30: ) Dabert, P., B. Sialve, J.P. Delgenes, R. Moletta, and J.J. Godon Characterization of the microbial 16S rdna diversity of an aerobic phosphorus-removal ecosystem and monitoring of its transition to nitrate respiration. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 55: ) Ekama, G.A., and M.C. Wentzel Denitrification kinetics in biological N and P removal activated sludge systems treating municipal wastewaters. Water Sci. Technol. 39(6): ) ) Hao, X., M.C.M. van Loosdrecht, S.C.F. Meijer, and Y. Qian Model-based evaluation of two BNR process-uct and A 2 N. Water Res. 35: ) Henze, M., W. Gujer, T. Mino, T. Matsuo, M.C. Wentzel, G.V.R. Marais, and M.C.M. van Loosdrecht Activated sludge model No.2d, Water Sci. Technol. 39(1): ) Hu, Z.-R., M.C. Wentzel, and G.A. Ekama External nitrification in biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems. Water Sci. Technol. 43(1): ) Hu, Z.-R., M.C. Wentzel, and G.A. Ekama The significance of denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organisms in biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems. Water Sci. Technol. 46(1-2): ) Kerrn-Jespersen, J. P., and M. Henze Biological phosphorus uptake under anoxic and aerobic conditions. Water Res. 27: ) Kuba, T., E. Murnleitner, M.C.M. van Loosdrecht, and J.J. Heijnen A metabolic model for biological phosphorus removal by denitrifying organisms. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 52: ) Kuba, T., M.C.M. van Loosdrecht, and J.J. Heijnen Effect of cyclic oxygen exposure on the activity of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria. Water Sci. Technol. 34(1-2): ) Kuba, T., M.C.M. van Loosdrecht, and J.J. Heijnen Phosphorus and nitrogen removal with minimal COD requirement by integration of denitrifying dephosphatation and nitrification in a two-sludge system. Water Res. 30: ) Kuba, T., M.C.M. van Loosdrecht, F.A. Brandse, and J.J. Heijnen Occurrence of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria in modified UCT-type wastewater treatment plants. Water Res. 31: ) Kuroda, A., N. Takiguchi, T. Gotanda, K. Nomura, J. Kato, T. Ikeda, and H. Ohtake A simple method to release polyphosphate from activated sludge for phosphorus reuse and recycling. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 78: ) Lee, D.S., C.O. Jeon, and J.M. Park Biological nitrogen removal with enhanced phosphate uptake in a sequencing batch reactor using single sludge system. Water Res. 35: ) Meinhold, J., D.M.F. Carlos, G.T. Daigger, and S. Isaacs Characterization of the denitrifying fraction of phosphate accumulating organisms in biological phosphate removal. Water Sci. Technol. 39(1): ) Mino, T., M.C.M. van Loosdrecht, and J.J. Heijnen Microbiology and biochemistry of the enhanced biological phosphate removal process, Water Res. 32: ) Murnleitner, E., T. Kuba, E. Murnleitner, M.C.M. van Loosdrecht, and J.J. Heijnen An integrated metabolic model for the aerobic and denitrifying biological phosphorus removal. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 54: ) : ) Shoji, T., H. Satoh, and T. Mino Use of denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organisms for simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Proceeding of First IWA Asia-Pacific Regional Conference, Fukuoka, Japan, ) Shoji, T., H. Satoh, and T. Mino Quantitative estimation of the role of denitrifying phosphate accumulating organisms in nutrient removal. Water Sci. Technol. 47(11): ) : ) Wachtmeister, A., T. Kuba, M.C.M. van Loosdrecht, and J.J. Heijnen A sludge characterization assay for aerobic and denitrifying phosphorus removing sludge. Water Res. 31: ) : ) Zeng, R.J., Z. Yuan, and J. Keller Enrichment of denitrifying glycogen accumulating organisms in anaerobic/ anoxic activated sludge system. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 81: ) Zeng, R.J., A.M. Saunders, Z. Yuan, and L.L. Blackall Identification and comparison of aerobic and denitrifying polyphosphate- accumulating organisms. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 83: ) Zeng, R.J., R.L. Lemaire, Z. Yuan, and J. Keller Simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal in a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 84:

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