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1 I II II 1

2 dw = pd = 0 1 U = Q (4.10) 1K (heat capacity) (mole heat capacity) ( dq / d ) = ( du d C = / ) (4.11) du = C d U = C d (4.1) 1 1 du = dq + dw dw = pd

3 dq = du + pd (4.13) p dq = d( U + p ) p (4.14) ( U + p ) enthalpy H H U + p (4.15) (4.14) dq = dh p (4.16) Q = dh = H H1 1 = H (4.17) ( dq / d ) = ( dh d ) C = / p (4.18) dh = C d H = C d p (4.19) 1 1kg(specific heat capacity) (specific heat) cmkg t 1 t Q Q mc ( t t 1 ) [J] (4.0) m[kg] c [J kg -1 K -1 ] ( t t 1 ) [K] 3

4 [ 4.3] 10mol 373.K 473.K C v 6.43J mol -1 K -1 [ ] U = 1 C d ( 1 U = nc ) J 6.43 kj [ 4.4] 30 15g 0 J J kg -1 K kg 335 kj [ ] K K ( ) = 94.3 J K K ( ) = J = 505 J = 73.4 J [ 4.5] C C nr [ ] (4.11) (4.18) C C C H (1) C = ( ) ( ) H = U + p () C (1) () ( U + p ) ( p )] ( (3) C = [ ] ( ) = ( ) + [ ) U du = ( ) d + ( ) d (4) (4) 4

5 ( ) = ( ) ( ) + ( ) (5) (3) (5) C ( p ) (6) C = ( ) ( ) + [ ] = [( ) + ]( ) (4.11) ( ) = 0 (7) nr = (8) p (8) nr ( ) = (9) p (6) (7) (9) nr C C = [ 0 + p] ( ) = nr (10) p 1mol C C = R (11) Cp Cp a1 a a3 a4 3 (1) a1 a a3 a H (4.18) (1) 3 H = ( a + a + a + a d () ) Cp C C (3) CpCp 5

6 C = ( C ) (0) ( C ) (1) (4) Cp Csat C 3 Cp Csat C [ 4.7] p C p C v [ ] 1 dq 0 dq=d+pd= C v d + pd = 0 (1) pv=r pd + dp = Rd () (1) ()d pdv + dp = R pdv C v ( v v = (3) C + R) pd + C dp 0 (4) C pdv + C dp 0 (5) p v = (5) C p p Cp d dp + = 0 (6) p C v C p C v (6) dv dp + = 0 (7) p d dp + = K K (8) p ln + ln p = K ln p K p K (9) 6

7 [ 4.8] 0 [ C] 1[ gr] 80 [ cal gr] [ ], S = = dq = 1 dq 1 1 Q Q 1 [gr] Q 80 S = = = 0.9 [ cal K] 73 0[ C] [ C] 0.9[ cal gr] 0 1 [gr] [ 4.9] 1 0 [ C] [ C] CO ( CO ) = [ cal mol C] C S = 1 C d S = [ ] d = d 0.83 = [ lm ] [ ] [ ]

8 = ( 7.7) (.3) log ( ) ( ) [ ] =. 90 cal C 73 Excel lnp 17 1 SI SI m kg s K mol A cd SI SI SI SI N m kg s- a m-1 kg s- (=N m-) J m kg s- W m kg s-3 (=J s-1) C A s m kg s-3 A-1 (=J A-1 s-1) m kg s-3 A- (= A-1) S m- kg s-1 A (= -1) F m- kg s-1 A s4 (=A s -1) Hz s-1 8

9 3 SI p n m c d k M G 9

10 F C mol-1 K J K-1 R J K-1 mol dm3 atm K-1 mol cal K-1 mol-1 L mol-1 H J s G m s-1 C m s m3 mol-1 5 3) B ln p = A p [ ka ] [ K ] ( + C) A B C [K] n n n p Gmehling J.et al. DECHEMA Chemistry Data Series.ol.1,art1-8( ) 10

11 6 8) c [Ma] c [K] c [cm 3 mol] (CO) (CO ) (H O) (NO ) (SO ) (HF) (HCl) (HBr) (HI) (HCN) (H S) (NH 3 ) (CH 4 ) (C H 4 ) (C H 6 ) (C 3 H 8 ) (C 6 H 6 ) (C 6 H 1 ) (C 6 H 5 CH 3 ) (C 10 H 8 ) (CH 3 OH) (C H 5 OH) (C 6 H 5 OH) (CH 3 CHO) ((CH 3 )CO) (CH 3 COOH) (CH 3 COOCH 3 ) (CH 3 COOC H 5 ) (CH 3 ) O (C H 5 ) O (C 6 H 5 NH ) (CCl 4 )

12 4-1 8) Cp,m = a1 + a + a3 + a4 3 ( Cp,m [JK 1 mol 1], [K] ) a1 a 10 3 a a CO CO CS Cl F H HCl HF HO HS I N NH NO NO O SO SO R. C. Reid, J. M. rausnitz and B. E. oling, he roperties of Gases and Liquids, 4th edit., Appendix, McGraw Hill (1987) N( ) ( ) p.ii-39(1984) 1

13 4-93K 4) J mol -1 K - CH3 CH CH C =CH = C H = C C H C CH C = C CH = CH Cl 1 Cl 3 4 Br C = O O C OH O C O CHOH CHOH CCOH OH ONO H H N H N N N= C N SH C H F I O > O = H

14 1 50 A B C atm= ka B ln p [ka] = A ( [K] + C) B ln p [ka] = A = =.510 ( [K] + C) ( ) p 0 =1.31 ka = atm -1. atm A B C ln( ) = ( 39.74) = B = A ln p C ln( ) K

15 atm ka A B C p o [ka] [K] atm 4.00atm ln p [ ka] = B A ( + C) = B = A ln p C ln( ) K

2 Zn Zn + MnO 2 () 2 O 2 2 H2 O + O 2 O 2 MnO 2 2 KClO 3 2 KCl + 3 O 2 O 3 or 3 O 2 2 O 3 N 2 () NH 4 NO 2 2 O + N 2 ( ) MnO HCl Mn O + CaCl(ClO

2 Zn Zn + MnO 2 () 2 O 2 2 H2 O + O 2 O 2 MnO 2 2 KClO 3 2 KCl + 3 O 2 O 3 or 3 O 2 2 O 3 N 2 () NH 4 NO 2 2 O + N 2 ( ) MnO HCl Mn O + CaCl(ClO 1 [1]. Zn + 2 H + Zn 2+,. K Ca Na Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Hg Ag Pt Au H (H + ),,. [2] ( ) ( ) CO 2, S, SO 2, NH 3 () + () () + () FeS Fe S ( ) + ( ) ( ) + ( ) 2 NH 4 Cl + Ca(OH) 2 Ca O + 2 NH 3,.,,.,,.,.