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1 Japan s and Euro s Geothermal Energy Potentials Kuniko URASHIMA, Ph.D. S&T Foresight Center, Green Innovation Unit National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP) Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology(MEXT) Japan
2 Contents 本日の話題 1. Current S&T Policy in Japan 科学技術政策 Necessity of revitalizing Japan 日本の再生 Policy and administration 政策と組織 4 th S&T Basic Plan action plan 2012 第 4 期科学技術基本計画アクションプラン 2012 Concept of Green Innovation グリーン イノベーション 2. Current Situation of Energy エネルギーの現状 Comparison of National Energy Policy エネルギー政策の比較 Comparison of CO 2 emission and Cost CO2 排出量とコスト比較策の比較 3. Current situation of Geothermal Energy 地熱エネルギーの現状 Comparison of Geothermal energy 地熱エネルギーの比較 4. Conclusions and Suggestions まとめと提案 1
3 Necessity of revitalizing Japan 日本の再生 Source: Cabinet office, 2
4 Policy and Administration (related Green innovation) Action Plan Implementation of New Growth Strategy S & T Administration 4 th S&T basic Plan Council for New Growth strategy Council for Energy & Environment Innovative Energy & Environmental strategies Source: Cabinet office, 3
5 New Growth Strategy 新成長戦略 Strong Economy Robust Public Finances Strong Social Security System Source : Cabinet office 4
6 4 th S&T Basic plan - Action Plan for priority topics Revival, reproduction, and improvement in safety from a disaster Green Innovation Life innovation Promotion of basic research, and strengthening of personnel training The revival and reproduction from an East Japan great earthquake are accomplished, and a local resident aims at realization of the society which can live more safely. Revival reproduction of the Tohoku district is carried out aiming at the country which realizes the better life and high quality. The advanced country for sustainable environment and energy that live together with nature Mind and body aim at realization of healthy and vigorous society. Realization of the society where elderly people and a disabled person can become independent A subject common to the world is conquered and the rich life of the people is realized. Technology is cherished as culture and the training reservation of the various talented people is carried out. 5
7 4 th S&T Basic Plan - Action plan for Green Innovation 目指すべき社会の姿 Target of future society 自然と共生し持続可能な環境 エネルギー先進国 The advanced country for sustainable environment and energy that live together with nature 政策課題 Policy theme クリーンエネルギー供給の安定確保 Stable reservation of clean energy supply 分散エネルギーシステムの拡充 Expansion of a distributed energy system エネルギー利用の革新 exploitation of energy innovation 社会インフラのグリーン化 Environmental friendly infrastructure 重点的取組 Preponderant measure 技術革新による再生可能エネルギーの飛躍的拡大 Fast expansion of the renewable energy by technical innovation 革新的なエネルギー創出 蓄積技術の研究開発 R&D of innovative energy creation / accumulation technology エネルギーマネジメントのスマート化 Smart grid and energy management 技術革新による消費エネルギーの飛躍的削減 Fast reduction of the consumption energies by technical innovation 地域特性に応じた自然共生型のまちづくり Natural symbiosis type city planning according to the local characteristic 6
8 Comparison of National Energy Policy in 2007 Power supply, CO 2 emission, self-efficiency, sustainable society Source : OECD 7
9 Previous Energy Plan in 2010 エネルギープラン in Japan Energy Mix in 2030, - Fossil 26% - Nuclear 53%, - Renewable 21% - Energy saving 1% 2012 Summer no Nuclear energy operation? Source: Cabinet, The Energy and Environment Council, Interim Compilation of Discussion Points for the Formulation of Innovative Strategy 8 for Energy and the Environment
10 Comparison of electric power generation 発電実績の比較 Aug 2011 夏 Hydro 水力 Fossil 火力 Nuclear 原子力 Wind 風力 PV 太陽光 Geothermal 地熱 Biomassバイオマス Waste 廃棄物 10% 12% Jan 2012 冬 Hydro 水力 Fossil 火力 Nuclear 原子力 Wind 風力 PV 太陽光 Geothermal 地熱 Biomassバイオマス Waste 廃棄物 5% 5% 78% 90% Climate change issue, infrastructure etc Data source: 9
11 Life Cycle of CO 2 Emission CO2 排出量 (g-co 2 /kwh) Coal fired 石炭火力 power Oil fired 石油火力 power LNG fired LNG power 火力 (steam) ( 汽力 ) LNG fired power LNG 火力 (combined) ( 複合 ) Solar 太陽光 power Wind power 風力 Nuclear power (up to the 原子力 spent ( 中間貯蔵段階まで fuel storing phase) ) Nuclear 原子力 power ( リサイクル (recycle) ) Geothermal power 地熱 Hydropower 水力 ( 中規模ダム水路式 (medium-scale ) dam and conduit type) 発電燃料 Fuel generation ( 直接 )(direct) その他 Other (indirect) ( 間接 ) Note: The LC-CO 2 emissions are average LC-CO 2 emissions by power source (weighted averages of LC-CO 2 emissions per lifetime power generation [calculated for each technology category] by total facility capacity for each technology category), except for oil fired power. Note: Nuclear power assessments are average LC- CO 2 emissions: weighted averages of BWR and PWR by each facility capacity (ABWR is excluded). Source: Eiichi Imamura, et al. Evaluation of Lifecycle CO2 Emissions of Power 10 Generation Technologies: Update for State-of-the-art Plants, CRIEPI Research Report, Y09027.
12 Comparison of Renewable Energy 欧州主要国と日本の再生可能エネルギーの導入構成比 Biomass Waste PV Geothermal Hydro Wind Germany Spain Denmark Japan 11
13 Comparison of Cost Estimation in Japan 試算価格比較 Type of power generation 発電方式 Power generation unit price (yen/kwh) 発電単価 From July 年 7 月から Facility utilization rate (%) 設備利用率 Hydropower 水力 Small-Mid Hydro 中小水力 Petroleum 石油 ? LNG 天然ガス ? Coal 石炭 ? Nuclear power 原子力 ? Solar power 太陽光 Wind power 風力 Geothermal power 地熱 (100 yen = 0.9Euro) Note: Facility utilization rate (%) = annual power generation (rated output x annual time period) x 100% 12
14 Geothermal Power Plant in the World 出典 :( 社 ) 火力原子力発電技術協会 地熱発電の現状と動向 (2004 年版 ) 13
15 Comparison of Geothermal resources in the world Geothermal resources and installed power generation capacity around the world (2010) Source: Bertani, Geothermal power generation in the world Update 14
16 Geothermal Energy in Europe by European Geothermal Energy Council Electricity: installed geothermal capacity in Europe (MW) 15
17 Geothermal Energy in EU Report by European Geothermal Energy Council EGEC Deep Geothermal Market Report
18 Potential of Geothermal 17
19 Usage of Thermal Energy Wool cleaning Food processing Oil recovery Radiator Chemical extraction Clothes dryer Pulp, paper manufacturing Cereal feedstuff Gold filtration Vegetable dryer Soil heating and fish farming Fan coil Copper refining Hot spring therapy Warm water pool Heat absorptive panel/slab Heat pump Stable/animal farm Hot water for households Concrete block storage Greenhouse Snow-melting system Waste treatment Source:AIST Temperature 18
20 Geo Heat Pump system
21 Ground Source Heat Pumps Numbers of units and installed capacity in 2010 Source: Heat Pump Barometer EUROBSERV ER September
22 District Heating in Europe 地域暖房 Source: European Geothermal Energy Council, 21
23 Comparison of Renewable Energy Cost 再生可能エネルギーのコスト比較 Electricity Heat Fuel Biomass PV Geothermal Hydro Ocean Wind Biomass PV Geothermal Biomass min mid max Non-RE 22
24 Challenging of Renewable Energy installation and its rate in the World 再生可能エネルギーの導入目標と伸び率 Tech. Biofuel Biomass Hydro PV Wind Saving Geothermal Nuclear Solar heat CCS Tech The latest pace of expansion per/year real EV Already commercialized and expanding phase Enhancing but need more effort Difficult situation and need more big effort *Blue map target 2020 は 2050 年に世界の CO2 排出量を 50% 削減すると仮定した場合の導入量 IEA が推計した 23
25 Conclusions and suggestions Strategy Climate change Economy Life style Technologies Energy mix Kyoto Protocol GDP Urban / rural area R&D Sustainable energy Greenhouse gases Employee rate Energy saving life Materials Smart city Tax CDM Consensus CCS 24
26 Acknowledgement Dr. Burkhard Sanner, European Geothermal Energy Council, Brüssel Dr. Jónas Ketilsson, National Energy Authority of Iceland Dr. Agustin Escardino Malva, New and Renewable Energy Sources, EU Mr. Runólfur Maack Senior Manager, MANNVIT For more information, please visit Contact me 25
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A User s Guide 1 2 3 4 01 02 03 04 05 06 01 02 03 06 05 04 5 6 7 8 9 1,200 1,200 Generation in Demand-side Nuclear 1,000 1,000 Hydropower Ocean Power 800 800 Geothermal Wind TWh/yr 600 400 TWh/yr 600 400
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