2013/3 Vol. J96 B No. 3 CAPEX (Capital expenditure)/opex (Operating Expense) [1], [4] IPV6 (M2M Machine to Machine) [5] D M2M 2. 2 CA

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1 a) Prospect for Next-Generation Optical Access Network Technologies Naoto YOSHIMOTO a) PON 1. FTTH (Fiber to the Home) 90% [1] FTTH 2, % [2] FTTH [3] AT&T U-Verse Verizon FiOS DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications) DPoE (DOCSIS provisioning of EPON) FTTC (Fiber to the Cabinet)+VDSL (Very high-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line) FTTH China Telecom 10G PON NTT Access Network Service Systems Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 1 1 Hikarinooka, Yokosuka-shi, Japan a) yoshimoto.naoto@lab.ntt.co.jp 1 Fig. 1 Trend in the wired/wireless traffic in Japan. B Vol. J96 B No. 3 pp c

2 2013/3 Vol. J96 B No. 3 CAPEX (Capital expenditure)/opex (Operating Expense) [1], [4] IPV6 (M2M Machine to Machine) [5] D M2M 2. 2 CAPEX/OPEX CAPEX FTTH PON (Passive Optical Network) (1) (ODN Optical Distribution Network) (2) PON 2 Fig. 2 Trend in required bandwidth of access services. 234

3 5 Fig. 5 Ratio of power consumption of network equipments. 3 Fig. 3 Migration toward the next-generation access. 4 Fig. 4 Reach extended optical access network. 3 NG-ONU PON (1G-ONU) PON (NG-ONU) OPEX (1) (2) [6] 6 Resilient network Fig. 6 Visual concept of resilient network. 5 [7] ONU (Optical Network Unit) 6 6 Resilient network CAPEX/OPEX 3. PON 235

4 2013/3 Vol. J96 B No. 3 PON 3. 1 PON PON G-PON (1Gigabit Capable PON) 1G-EPON (1Gigabit Ethernet PON) 1G PON 10G PON ITU-T G.987 XG-PON (10Gigabit Capable PON) 2010 IEEE IEEE802.3av 10G- EPON (10Gigabit Ethernet PON) G PON 1G PON ODN 7 XG- PON G-PON WDM ODN 10G-EPON 1G-EPON OLT 1G/10G 10G-EPON dual-rate [8] SoC (System on Chip) [9] 10G-EPON XG-PON 7 PON Fig. 7 Wavelength assignment of PON systems. field trial [10] WDM [11] (DBA Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment) 1G/10G dual-rate [12] 10G PON [13] IEEE IEEE802.3ae (1G-EPON) IEEE802.3av (10G-EPON) IEEE IEEEP (SIEPON System Interoperability of EPON) QoS EPON Conformance test ITU-T G.988 OMCI (ONU management and control interface) (OAM Operation, Administration, and Maintenance) EPON (G.epon) ITU-T IEEE PON PON 3. 2 CAPEX/OPEX (1) CAPEX PON PON OLT 236

5 8 PON Fig. 8 Large splitting PON system. CAPEX [14] 100 km [15] [16] DBA [17] 8 (SOA Semiconductor Optical Amplifier) OLT [18] PON L2SW PON L2SW PON DBA [19] (2) OPEX PON PON N:1 PON [20] PON Nx2 L2SW [21] (3) OPEX PON OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) PON OTDR [22] ONU ONU [6], [23] ONU [24] IEEEP ONU ONU Tx cyclic mode TRx 9 QoS ONU 237

6 2013/3 Vol. J96 B No. 3 9 Fig. 9 TRx Time chart of cyclic sleep mode. 11 PON Fig. 11 Schedule of PON standardization. 10 PON Fig. 10 Possible direction for bandwidth upgrade of PON. PON L2SW ONU HGW (Home Gateway) 3. 4 PON 10 PON 10 Gbit/s PON TDMA [25] WDM TDM-PON WDM/TDM-PON PON Stack [26] PON add-on [27] ODN (DWBA Dynamic Wavelength Assignment) QoS WDM WDM/TDM-PON 1 40GE/100GE PON ONU ONU ODN ONU WDM-PON [28] ONU 11 PON ITU-T WDM PON 238

7 OLT ONU (G.multi) [29] PON 40G NG-PON2 [30] WDM/TDM-PON (DSP DigitalSignalProcessing) Ultra Dense WDM-PON (UDWDM-PON) [31] OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) OFDM-PON [32] DSP LSI Photonic Aggregation 13 PON PON 12 PON Fig. 12 Long-term evolution scenarios of PON system. 13 Photonic Aggregation Access Fig. 13 Example of Photonic Aggregation Access (BS Base station) (RRH Remote Radio Head end) RRH FTTH BS-RRH PON Mobility-aware PON ONU 239

8 2013/3 Vol. J96 B No. 3 resilient LTE-advanced (Long Term Evolution advanced) (CoMP Coordinated Multiple Point transmission and reception) LTE-advanced EPON Synchronous Ethernet (Sync-E) IEEE1588v2 (PTP Precision Time Protocol) [33] OLT GPS 14 WDM RRH 14 WDM-PON Fig. 14 WDM-PON application for Mobile backhaul. [34] RoF (Radio over Fiber) WDM-PON [35] (DSP Digital Signal Processing) (Software-defined Access) 4. 3 CEMS (Community Energy Management System) HEMS (Home Energy Management System) 15 PON Green of ICT Green by ICT 240

9 15 Energy-aware Fig. 15 Typical example of energy-aware optical access. Energy aware Access M2M PON ONU multi-point to multi-point PON [36] 5. CAPEX/OPEX [1] H. Shinohara, FTTH in Japan: Strategy, technology and implementation, Plenary talk of ECOC2011, Geneva, Switzerland, Sept [2] [3] 16/canada-joins-global-ranking-of-ftth-countries, Feb [4] N. Yoshimoto, New enabling technologies for passive optical networks with sustainable growth, OEC/NFOEC2011, NMD4, San Diego, March [5] M2M IT 2012SPRING mediaforum/2012/pdf/forum174 2.pdf, May [6] ICT ICT 3 Feb [7] A. Otaka, Power saving ad-hoc report, IEEE Interim Meeting, Seoul, Sept [8] M. Noda, S. Yoshima, K. Ishii, S. Shirai, M. Nogami, and J. Nakagawa, Dual-rate optical transceiver incorporating fully optimized burst-mode AGC/ATC functions for 10G-EPON systems, ECOC2010, Mo.2.B, Torino, Italy, Sept [9] M. Nakanishi, K. Kawai, J. Kato, N. Miura, A. Miyazaki, H. Kamitsuna, N. Tanaka, Y. Ohtomo, M. Urano, and T. Shibata, An SoC demonstration of ONU discovery and dynamic bandwidth allocation for 10G/1G dual-rate 10G-EPON, OFC/NFOEC2011, PDPD5, Los Angels, March [10] F. Effenberger, A. Szabo, F. Zhishan, A. Forcucci, G. Wei, L. Yuanqiu, R. Mapes, Z. Yixin, and V. O Byrne, World s first XG-PON field trial, J. Lightwave Technol., vol.29, no.4, pp , Feb [11] P. Iannone, K. Reichmann, C. Brinton, J. Nakagawa, T. Cusick, M. Kimber, C.R. Doerr, L. Buhl, M. Cappuzzo, E. Chen, L. Gomez, J. Johnson, A. Kanan, J. Lentz, F. Chang, B. Palsdottir, T. Tokle, and L. Spiekman, Bi-directionally amplified extended reach 40 Gb/s CWDM-TDM PON with burst-mode upstream transmission, OFC/NFOEC2011, PDPD6, Los Angels, March [12] 1G/10G EPON CS , June [13] 10G-EPON CS , Jan [14] K. Suzuki, M. Fujiwara, K. Taguchi, T. Imai, H. Ishii, N. Yoshimoto, and H. Hadama, split and 80 km long-reach dual-rate 10G-EPON transmission using ALC hybrid burst-mode optical fiber amplifier and SOA pre-amplifier, ECOC2011, Mo.1.C.3, Geneva, Switzerland, Sept [15] M. Fujiwara, T. Imai, K. Taguchi, K. Suzuki, H. Ishii, and N. Yoshimoto, Field trial of 79.5-dB loss budget, 100-km reach 10G-EPON system using ALC burst-mode SOAs and EDC, OFC/NFOEC2012, PDP5D.8, Los Angels, March

10 2013/3 Vol. J96 B No. 3 [16] PON CS , June [17] D. Murayama, N. Oota, K. Suzuki, and N. Yoshimoto, Low latency dynamic bandwidth allocation for 100 km long reach 10G-EPON, CQR2012, 2-2, San Diego, May [18] J. Sugawa and H. Ikeda, Development of OLT using semiconductor optical amplifiers as booster and preamplifier for loss-budget extension in 10.3-Gb/s PON system, OFC/NFOEC2012, OTh4G.4, Los Angels, March [19] H. Ujikawa, T. Sakamoto, N. Yoshimoto, and H. Hadama, Multilevel dynamic bandwidth allocation using buffer observation for cousin-fair access systems, APCC2011, pp , Sabah, Malaysia, Oct [20] K. Tanaka and Y. Horiuchi, 1:N OLT redundant protection architecture in Ethernet PON system, OFC/NFOEC2008, NThB4, San Diego, Feb [21] N:1 PON OLT CS , Jan [22] N. Honda, Advanced optical monitoring technologies for passive optical network architecture and the future, OFC/NFOEC2012, OTu1H.1, Los Angels, March [23] European Commission, Code of conduct on energy consumption of broadband equipment version 4, Feb [24] R. Kubo, J. Kani, Y. Fujimoto, N. Yoshimoto, and K. Kumozaki, Adaptive power saving mechanism for 10G-class PON systems, IEICE Trans. Commun., vol.e93-b, no.2, pp , Feb [25] F. Effenberger, G. Kramer, and T. Pfeiffer, An introduction to PON technologies, IEEE Commun. Mag., vol.45, no.3, pp.s17 S25, March [26] Y. Ma, Y. Qian, G. Peng, X. Zhou, X. Wang, J. Yu, Y. Luo, X. Yan, and F. Effenberger, Demonstration of a 40 Gb/s time and wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network prototype system, OFC/NFOEC2012, PDP5D.7, Los Angels, March [27] H. Nakamura, S. Tamaki, K. Hara, S. Kimura, and H. Hadama, 40 Gbit/s λ-tunable stacked-wdm/tdm- PON using dynamic wavelength and bandwidth allocation, OFC/NFOEC2011, OThT4, Los Angeles, March [28] M. Roppelt, F. Pohl, K. Grobe, M. Eiselt, and J. Elbers, Tuning methods for uncooled low-cost tunable lasers in WDM-PON, OFC/NFOEC2011, NTuB1, Los Angels, March [29] ITU-T G.multi, Control aspects of multiple wavelength passive optical networks. [30] ITU-T G.ngpon2 Next generation passive optical networks 2 (NGPON2). [31] S. Smolorz, H. Rohde, E. Gottwald, D.W. Smith, and A. Poustie, Demonstration of a coherent UDWDM- PON with real-time processing, OFC/NFOEC2011, PDPD4, Los Angels, March [32] N. Cvijetic, OFDM in optical access networks, OFC2011, OMG3, Los Angels, March [33] 10G-EPON CS , Jan [34] MWP2011-6, April [35] T. Tashiro, K. Miyamoto, K. Hara, T. Taniguchi, J. Kani, N. Yoshimoto, K. Iwatsuki, T. Nishiumi, T. Higashino, K. Tsukamoto, and S. Komaki, Broadband ubiquitous network based on RoF-DAS over WDM-PON, OFC2011, OWT2, Los Angels, March [36] R. Kubo, M. Tadokoro, H. Nomura, H. Ujikawa, S. Nishihara, K. Suzuki, and N. Yoshimoto, Bandwidth scheduling techniques in TDM-PON supporting inter-onu communication with network coding for smart grid applications, ICC2012, Technical Symposia, Access networks, pp , Ottawa, Canada, June IEEE 242

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