IMT-Advanced Testbed Development for IMT-Advanced Radio Experiments Toshinori SUZUKI, Noriaki MIYAZAKI, and Satoshi KONISHI IMT-Advanced 3 IMT-2000 IT

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1 IMT-Advanced Testbed Development for IMT-Advanced Radio Experiments Toshinori SUZUKI, Noriaki MIYAZAKI, and Satoshi KONISHI IMT-Advanced 3 IMT-2000 ITU-R IMT-Advanced 100 Mbit/s 1Gbit/s IMT-Advanced IMT-Advanced OFDM MIMO International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunications Sector (ITU- R) Systems Beyond IMT-2000 Beyond 3G Van diagram [1] 2005 ITU-R WP8F IMT-2000 IMT-Advanced 2005 Evolved- UTRA (LTE) [2] UMB [3] IMT-2000 IMT-Advanced 100 Mbit/s 1Gbit/s [4], [5] KDDI KDDI R&D Laboratories, Inc Ohara, Fujimino-shi, Japan / MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) IMT-Advanced MHz 2 20 MHz 1 IMT-Advanced IMT-2000 ITU-R IMT-Advanced 40 MHz [6] 1 1 R-OFDM (Rotational Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) (BS) 1 (MS) (MS#1) BS MS RF (Radio Module) 854 B Vol. J93 B No. 7 pp c 2010

2 IMT-Advanced (OMT Operation and Maintenance Terminal) IP RLP-PC (Radio Link Protocol-Personal Computer) 1 RLP-PC 1 Table 1 Major radio parameters of the testbed db db F-SCH 1 Fig. 1 Testbed system architectures. 855

3 2010/7 Vol. J93 B No F-CCH (F-CCCH Forward-Common Control Channel) (F- DCCH Forward-Dedicated Control Channel) F-CPICH 1 5 F-CCH F-DCH F-CCH F-CPICH 5 F-DCH R-ACH R-CCH 1LB Long Block 6 R-PICH SB Short Block 6 R-DCH 2 6LB 3 4 Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) R-PICH F-DCH R-DCH 3.1 LTE 3GPP 7 OFDM DCH DCH Fig. 3 3 Multiplexing structure for downlink physical channels. Fig. 2 2 Physical channel structure on the air interface. 1 LTE 1 2 LTE 856

4 IMT-Advanced Fig. 4 4 Multiplexing structure for uplink physical channels. Fig. 5 5 Downlink frame structure and physical channel mapping. Fig. 6 6 Uplink frame structure and physical channel mapping (Forward synchronization) (Reverse synchronization) F-SCH F-CPICH F-CCCH 7 open-loop Power Control info. R-ACH F-CPICH 8 SCH MHz F-SCH CAZAC 1 ±16 857

5 2010/7 Vol. J93 B No. 7 Fig. 7 7 Control sequence to connect the data link. F-SCH MHz MHz F-CPICH 2 F-SCH R- ACH F-DCCH R-ACH (TA) R-ACH R-PICH R- CCH (CQI Channel Quality Indicator) CQI F-DCH MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) R-DCH Fig. 8 Flow chart to synchronize the downlink signal R-OFDM OFDM MC-CDM (Multi Carrier-Code Division Multiplexing) MC-CDM 858

6 IMT-Advanced OFDM [7] R-OFDM [8] D =2 (1) (A, B) (F1, F2) 9 F1 F2 MLD (Maximum Liklihood Detection) (X, Y) (A, B) ( ( ) ( )( ) X A cos θ 1 sin θ 1 A )=R 2 = Y B sin θ 1 cos θ 1 B (1) R-OFDM F-DCH R-DCH QPSK D QAM 64QAM D =2 D =4 (2) F-DCH OFDM MLD SC-FDM R-DCH MMSE (Minimum Mean Squared Error) ( ) R 2 cos θ 2 R 2 sin θ 2 R 4 = (2) R 2 sin θ 2 R 2 cos θ 2 R-OFDM UMB [3] 3. 2 [9] 10 L p L c 10 DEC1 DEC2 1 2 MAP L a L c L p (L p L a) π π 1 L c R-OFDM MC-CDM [10] 16QAM 2 (D =2) QAM Duty MIMO MIMO SISO (Single-Input Signle-Output) SIMO (Single-Input Multiple-Output) MISO Fig. 9 9 R-OFDM Block diagram of R-OFDM transmission. 10 Fig. 10 Structure of twin turbo decoder. 859

2010/7 Vol. J93 B No. 7 MIMO-OFDM QR M QRM-MLD (QR Decomposition and M-algorithm-Maximum Likelihood Detection) [11], [12] QR-MLD [13], [14] SC-FDM MMSE MIMO-OFDM [10] QRM-MLD 4.

7 2010/7 Vol. J93 B No. 7 MIMO-OFDM QR M QRM-MLD (QR Decomposition and M-algorithm-Maximum Likelihood Detection) [11], [12] QR-MLD [13], [14] SC-FDM MMSE MIMO-OFDM [10] QRM-MLD RF (Radio Frequency) BB (Baseband) 2 RF RF / 4.1 BB BB LIF (Line Interface) LIF MAC (Medium Access Control) RLP (Radio Link Protocol) PC RLP MAC BB BB BB FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) DSP (Digital Signal Processor) BB 12 BB kw 4. 1 RF 14 RF RF I/Q (In- /Quadrature-phase) DA (Digital/Analog) DA MHz IF (Intermediate Frequency) IF 4485/4770 / MHz RF RF RF 10 dbm (PAU Power Amplifier Unit) 4 50 db Fig Photograph of BS (Base Station) cabinets. 860

40 dbm RF 2 IF IF IF IF IF VGA (Variable Gain Amplifier) AGC (Auto Gain Control) RF DA (1

8 IMT-Advanced 12 Fig. 12 Photograph of baseband package. 2 Table 2 Specifications of signal processors on baseband package. 40 dbm RF 2 IF IF IF IF IF VGA (Variable Gain Amplifier) AGC (Auto Gain Control) RF DA (1 Giga-Sample Per Second (sps)) AD (250 Msps) 100 MHz 13 Fig. 13 Photograph of measurement truck RLP PC RLP IP LIF-M IP RLP LIF-S MHz LIF-S MCS MAC RLP MAC 861

9 2010/7 Vol. J93 B No. 7 Fig RF Block diagrams of RF transmission and reception. Fig Block diagram of baseband transmission and reception. 862

IMT-Advanced MOD MOD QPSK MIMO BTX MIMO BTX IFFT IFFT IFFT OFDM RF RF RF FFT SYNC MS SYNC MS / FFT CCH MS FFT OFDM FFT DETECT DETECT MIMO MRX MIMO MRX LIF-S/M LIF-S/M RLP RLP PC 20D 4dB 2dB 5.

10 IMT-Advanced MOD MOD QPSK MIMO BTX MIMO BTX IFFT IFFT IFFT OFDM RF RF RF FFT SYNC MS SYNC MS / FFT CCH MS FFT OFDM FFT DETECT DETECT MIMO MRX MIMO MRX LIF-S/M LIF-S/M RLP RLP PC 20D 4dB 2dB 5. 2 RF RF 100 MHz 17 RF 40 dbm SNR (Signal to Noise power Ratio) MIMO 18 R-OFDM PER (Packet Error Rate) SISO 5. RF RF 5. 1 RF (96MHz) 2 (18MHz) 2dB /40 MHz / RF 20 [m] 16 Fig. 16 Measured forward transmission power spectrum. 3 RF Table 3 Measured BS and MS (Mobile Station) RF performances. 863

11 2010/7 Vol. J93 B No. 7 Fig Overviews of experimental configurations. ITU-R 6 TU (Typical Urban) [15] 30 km/h MCS QPSK 3/4 16 CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) [16] 18 R-OFDM OFDM PER R-OFDM 4 θ(= θ 1 = θ 2) 0.4 π/4[rad.] 1% PER SNR PER 0.4 PER 18 R-OFDM OFDM 1% PER SNR 1.1 db 1.0 db SNR 0.5 db 19 PER AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise) MCS 16QAM 1/3 19 PER 19 SNR AWGN 18 R-OFDM PER RF Fig. 18 Measured PER performance of R-OFDM in lab. experiment. 19 PER RF Fig. 19 Measured PER performance of T2 decoder in lab. experiment. 0.8 db 0.7 db 0.1 db 18 R-OFDM PER 864

IMT-Advanced 1dB 16 db SNR 28 db 20 MIMO-OFDM F-DCH F-DCH 2.

7 Mbit/s PER 6.3 % 547.2 Mbit/s 16QAM 3/4 64QAM 1/2 16QAM 64QAM SNR 364.

07) 100 MHz 1Gbit/s 100 MHz 1Gbit/s MIMO 4 5. 3 YRP [17] 21 YRP 3 26.1 m 4 11.5 dbi EIRP 46.4 dbm 1 5.1 dbi 3.

12 IMT-Advanced 1dB 16 db SNR 28 db 20 MIMO-OFDM F-DCH F-DCH TU MIMO 3km/h 16QAM 64QAM 1/2 3/4 4 MCS MIMO 2 SCW (Single-Codeword) MIMO QR-MLD 20 64QAM 3/4 MCS Mbit/s PER 6.3 % Mbit/s 16QAM 3/4 64QAM 1/2 16QAM 64QAM SNR Mbit/s 1Gbit/s 2 2MIMO 11/12 64QAM 6 [bit/hz/stream] 2 [stream] 11/12 = 11 [bit/s/hz] CP (4.7 μs/66.7 μs =0.07) 100 MHz 1Gbit/s 100 MHz 1Gbit/s MIMO YRP [17] 21 YRP m dbi EIRP 46.4 dbm dbi 3.5 m 1.6 db 21 A D 30 km/h 1 A B 3 C D 2 B C SNR/ 20 MIMO-OFDM F-DCH RF Fig. 20 Measured F-DCH throughput performance of MIMO-OFDM in lab. 21 Fig. 21 Field test course and photographs of BS and MS antennas. 865

13 2010/7 Vol. J93 B No db/0.60 μs 25.6 db/0.18 μs 15.9 db/0.43 μs 22 R-OFDM PER CDF 22 (a) 1 CDF 22 (b) 3 CDF MCS RF 3/4 QPSK PER 10 [m] 22 R-OFDM OFDM θ 0.0 R-OFDM 1 OFDM 1% PER 69 % R-OFDM θ θ % θ % 3 1 θ =1.0 OFDM R-OFDM 22 R-OFDM PER CDF Fig. 22 CDF of measured R-OFDM PER in field test. θ % θ % RF 6 TU [18] MCS 6. IMT-Advanced IMT-Advanced WRC07 IMT Advanced OFDMA MIMO LTE WiMAX IMT-Advanced ITU-R 2011 IPR KDDI [1] ITU-R, M.1645, Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT 2000 and systems beyond IMT 2000, June [2] 3GPP, TR Ver , Physical layer aspects for evolved UTRA (Release 7), Sept [3] 3GPP2, C.S Ver. 1.0, Physical layer for ultra mobile broadband (UMB) air interface specifica- 866

IMT-Advanced tion, April 2007. [4] Y. Kishiyama, N. Maeda, K. Higuchi, H. Atarashi, and M.

Kawai, N. Maeda, H. Taoka, and M. Sawahashi, Experiments on real-time 1-Gb/s packet transmission using MLD-based signal detection in MIMO-OFDM broadband radio access, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol.

Adachi, Diversity-codingorthogonality trade-off for coded MC-CDMA with high level modulation, IEICE Trans. Commun., vol.e88-b, no.1, pp.76 83, Jan. 2005. [8] N. Miyazaki, Y. Hatakawa, T. Yamamoto, H.

14 IMT-Advanced tion, April [4] Y. Kishiyama, N. Maeda, K. Higuchi, H. Atarashi, and M. Sawahashi, Experiments on throughput performance above 100-Mbps in forward link for VSF- OFCDM broadband wireless access, Proc. VTC 2003 Fall, vol.3, pp , Oct [5] K. Higuchi, H. Kawai, N. Maeda, H. Taoka, and M. Sawahashi, Experiments on real-time 1-Gb/s packet transmission using MLD-based signal detection in MIMO-OFDM broadband radio access, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol.24, no.6, pp , June [6] ITU-R, M.2134, Requirements related to technical performance for IMT-Advanced radio interface(s), Nov [7] D. Garg and F. Adachi, Diversity-codingorthogonality trade-off for coded MC-CDMA with high level modulation, IEICE Trans. Commun., vol.e88-b, no.1, pp.76 83, Jan [8] N. Miyazaki, Y. Hatakawa, T. Yamamoto, H. Ishikawa, T. Suzuki, and K. Takeuchi, A study on rotational OFDM transmission with multidimensional demodulator and twin turbo decoder, Proc. VTC 2006 Fall, TT-21 #3, Sept [9] N. Miyazaki, Y. Hatakawa, T. Yamamoto, H. Ishikawa, and T. Suzuki, A study on likelihood estimation method taking account of mutual information in multi-level symbol A proposal of twin turbo decoder, Proc. PIMRC 2006, TH1 #3, Sept [10] Y. Hatakawa, N. Miyazaki, and T. Suzuki, Performance evaluation of MIMO-OFDM with twin turbo decoder, IEICE Trans. Commun., vol.e92-b, no.1, pp , Jan [11] K.J. Kim, J. Yue, R.A. Iltis, and J.D. Gibson, A QRD-M/Kalman filter-based detection and channel estimation algorithm for MIMO-OFDM systems, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol.4, no.2, pp , March [12] H. Kawai, K. Higuchi, N. Maeda, M. Sawahashi, T. Ito, Y. Kakura, A. Ushirokawa, and H. Seki, Likelihood function for QRM-MLD suitable for softdecision turbo decoding and its performance for OFCDM MIMO multiplexing in multipath fading channel, IEICE Trans. Commun., vol.e88-b, no.1, pp.47 57, Jan [13] A. van Zelst, R. van Nee, and G.A. Awater, Space division multiplexing (SDM) for OFDM systems, Proc. VTC 2000 Spring, pp , May [14] X. Zhu and R.D. Murch, Performance analysis of maximum likelihood detection in a MIMO antenna system, IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.50, no.2, pp , Feb [15] 3GPP, TS Ver , Radio transmission and reception (Release 7), Feb [16] 3GPP2, C.S0024 Ver. 4.0, CDMA2000 high rate packet data air interface specification, Oct [17] [18] 3GPP, R , Text proposal for enhanced modulation scheme for OFDMA, May [19] N. Miyazaki, T. Komine, Y. Hatakawa, and T. Suzuki, Development and experiments of 100MHz bandwidth testbed for IMT-advanced systems, Proc. VTC 2007 Fall, 5P #13, Sept [20] N. Miyazaki, Y. Hatakawa, and T. Suzuki, Implementation and experimental results of rotational OFDM transmission Rotational OFDM performance with turbo decoder, Proc. VTC 2008 Fall, 5C-2 #2, Sept [21] N. Miyazaki, T. Matsumoto, Y. Hatakawa, S. Konishi, and T. Suzuki, Field experiment results for rotational OFDM transmission implemented on 100MHz bandwidth testbed toward IMT-advanced system, Proc. VTC 2009 Fall, 3C #2, Sept KDDI 91 KDD KDDI KDDI KDDI 21 5 KDDI 7 KDDI KDDI IEEE 867

UWB a) Accuracy of Relative Distance Measurement with Ultra Wideband System Yuichiro SHIMIZU a) and Yukitoshi SANADA (Ultra Wideband; UWB) UWB GHz DLL

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