01210122
(2) (3) ( ) (3) ( ) (5) (7) (9) (10) (14) 1958 (14) ( ) (16) (18) (21) (21) (23) 1971 (23) ( ) (26) (30) (32) (34) (34) (35) (37) 1985 (38) ( ) (44) (46) 6 29 (48) (53) (55) 1
1987 6 29 (,1994,9 ) 2004 2002 2004 2
( ) (,1994,52 67 ) 1970 (,1991,6 ) (,1989,433 ) (,1989,430 ) (,1981,1 6 ) 8 8 (,2004,31 ) 20 (,1991,7 ) 3
(,1986,7 13 ) (,2002,14 ) (,1997,44 ) ( ) (,1986,34 ) (,2002,6 ) 1974 4
( ) (,1995,141 ) (,2004,5 ) 1970 1980 9 (,2002,24 ) 1960 (,2000,113 ) 5
(,2000,96 ) (,1999,21 ) (,1986,28 ) (,2002,46 ) 6
(,1992,328 ) (,1999,22 ) 3 1972 (,1994,223 231 ) (,1995,183 ) (,2002)(,2000) 2000 (,1993,184 ) 1000 3000 (,1991,59 70 ) ( 1990,21 ) 7
2 18 ( ) (,1991,72 84 ) (,2002,57 ) 8
(,1986,58 67 ) < 1 1> (2002) 9
(,1999,126 ) (,1994,236 ) (,1999,226 ) 1980 1979 ( ) (,2002,61 ) < 1 1> 1985 2000 10
< 1 1> ( ) 1946 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1985 GNP( ) 70 107 134 276 765 1719 2242 (%) 31 36 53 GNP,1999,50 ( 1985,2001,281 ),1994,236 237 ( 1975,80,85 ) 10 (,2004,248 ) (,1999,124 ) (1990) (2001) 6 29 1987 1 2 1948.5 95.5 200 42.5 38.1 27.5 24.6 2 1950.5 91.9 210 60.0 62.9 11.4 9.7 3 1954.5 91.1 203 56.2 32.6 7.4 7.0 4 1958.5 87.8 233 54.1 33.5 33.9 28.9 5 1960.7 84.3 233 75.1 32.7 1.7 4.7 6 1963.11 72.1 175 62.9 23.3 23.4 14.0 7 1967.6 76.1 175 73.7 37.3 25.7 24.1 8 1971.5 73.2 204 55.4 35.0 43.6 31.8 9 1973.2 71.4 146 66.7 27.1 23.7 22.8 10 1978.12 77.1 154 62.8 24.1 26.4 24.9 11 1981.3 77.7 276 54.7 27.4 29.3 16.6 12 1985.2 84.6 276 53.6 29.4 24.3 24.4,1998,175,1998,343 1 2 11
1 ( ) 2 ( ) 4 1960 4 19 8 1972 10 9 10 1980 12 3 1960 4 19 1961 1979 1980 1987 6 29 (,1992,322 323 ) 1978 1987 (,1999,226 ) 1958 4 1971 8 1985 12 8 10 3 4 10 12 6 29 12
(,1999,124 ) 13
1958 4 1875 58 83 1956 8.1% 1955 (1) (,2001) 4 3 14
56 1954 (2) 3 4 1958 5 2 87.8% < 2 1> 59 (,2004,86 89 ) 4 (,1998,333 ) 60 84 1958 4 19 3 15 27 (,1995,39 ) 4 19 15
(1960 )3 15 ( ) (,2004,95 96 ) 4 1960 0 19 52 29 68 (,2004,77 ) (,1999,55 ) < 2 1> 4,1999,334 ( ) 126 (54.1) 35.49 79 (33.9) 28.87 27 (11.6) 18.10 1 ( 0.4) 0.53 ( ) 1950 1945 16
1945 8 90 (,1998,53 ) 10 1 1 3 4 ( 1998,64 ) 1950 (,1999,) 1950 (,1989,23 ) 17
(3) 1958 1958 7.0 2.1 (,2004,81 ) 11 18
1950 6 1953 54 ( ) 53 58 1 2230 53 55 30 (,1998,64 ) 19
1950 (,1998,66 ) (,2002,45 ) (,1998,67 ) 4 19 ( 20
,2002,52 ) 4 24 5 29 12 (,48 ) 5 (,2004,97 ) 4 19 1961 5 16 21
4 19 (,1999,23 ) (,1998,48 ) (,2004,99 ) (,2004,99 ) (,2004,7 ) (1) 1948 12 (2) 1954 11 27 203 135 136 1 203 3 2 135.3333 135 (3) 22
1971 (,1999,332 ) (,2004,269 ) 7 8 7 1971 4 27 7 1969 7 (,2002,110 ) (,1999,331 ) 10 (1) (,1999,62 ) 23
( ) < 3 1> (,2004,270 ) 1960 (,2002 111 ) (,2004,272 ) (,2002,111 ) 8 (,2004,219 ) (,2004,220 ) < 3 1> 7,1999,160 6432828 53.2 5395900 45.3 8 1 1971 5 25 8 (,1999,330 ) 24
73.22 < 3 2> 3 2 (,1993,431 ) < 3 2> 8,1998,329 ( ) 113 (55.4) 34.98 89 (43.6) 31.83 1 ( 0.5) 2.91 1 ( 0.5) 0.99 3 ( ) (,1995,79 ) (,2004,113 ) (,1999-c,52 ) 25
1972 10 17 11 21 (,2004,227 ) (,1998,23 ) (,1996,719 ) 6 3 1 ( ) (,2004,142 ) (,2002,104 ) 1961 1970 1959 1961 52 52 52 (,2004,146 ) 1959 26
(,1992,82 ) 1961 7 (,1998,66 ) 3 (,2004,147 ) (,1992,102 ) ( ) ( ) ( -a,1998,6 ) 10 1 (,1994,9 ) (,2004,150 ) 1962 1963 27
(,2004,154 ) (,2002,107 ) ( -a,1994,79 ) ( -a,1998,7 ) 1966 13.4 8.3 8.3 7.1 (,2001,145 ) 1964 16.9 6 1 (,2004,157 ) (,2002,110 ) (,2002,94 103 ) 1967 2 (,1998,67 ) 28
(,1999,160 ) 1967 (,1995,35 ) 7 (,2002,111 ) 8 (,1998,70 ) 9.6 N 1961 2 (,1998,88 ) 1971 (,1998,74 ) 29
1961 1961 (,2004,123 ) 1962 1963 1 (,1998,91 ) 1963 (,2004,175 ) (,1998,60 ) (,2004,182 ) 30
(,2002,92 106 ) 1965 1963 1965 (,1998,91 ) (2) (,2004,186 ) (,2004,188 ) 38 1969 (,2004,188 189 ) 1969 31
1971 (,1999,163 ) 1972 (,2002,10 ) 1961 1964 (,2004,164 ) (,2004,204 219 ) 1971 3 1 32
1967 (,2004,203 ) (,2004,203 ) 38 (,1998,94 ) (,2004,269 ) (1) (2) ( ) ( ) (,2002,39 ) 33
1979 10 26 ( ) ( )(2) (,2003,111 ) 1961 18 (,2004,344 ) (,1999,84 ) (3) 1979 12 12 34
(,2004,345 ) (,1999,85 ) 1980 5 13 (,1999-b,141 ) 5 17 1979 10 7 1980 5 18 1980 1980 5 18 27 10 170 (,2004,347 ) 35
5 18 19 20 21 22 26 27 ( -b,1999,145 ) ( -b,1999,146 ) 5 14 15 36
8 16 8 27 11 91 ( -b,1996,2 ) 7 (,2004,351 ) 1980 (,2004,352 ) 3 (,1999,194 ) 1980 37
1984 (,2004,358 ) (,1998,116 ) (,1995,194 ) 84 5 ( ) 1985 2 12 (,2004,358 ) 1985 1985 2 12 12 (,1987,147 ) (4) 1 ( ) (,1999,26 ) (,1995,196 ) 38
(,1987,150 ) 1960 4 19 92 2 92 1 3 2 62 5 (,1987,152 ) 1 2 < 4 1> < 4 1> 12,1999,325 ( ) ( ) 148 (53.6) 29.35 ( ) 67 (24.3) 24.36 ( ) 35 (12.7) 16.39 ( ) 20 (7.2) 7.62 6 (2.2) 4.38 27 43 28 37 ( 1999,201 ) 39
(,1985,80) 1 103 ( ) (,2004,361 ) ( ) ( ) (,1998,104 ) 1 1000 ( ) 40
1988 (,2002,35 38 ) 1986 4 30 (,2004,361 ) (,1998,104 ) (,2004,363 ) ( ) ( ) 41
( ) (,1995,203 ) (,1995,203 ) 1986 12 1986 10 2000 8000 1500 1300 1987 4 13 4 13 5 26 42
6 10 5 27 ( ) 6 10 24 (,1999,108 ) 6 18 6 20 4 13 6 19 (,2002,40 ) 6 24 6 26 100 6 29 7 1 1948 40 6 29 43
( ) 44 55 1 1960 (,1999,180 ) 1978 (,1997,21 ) (,2004,350 ) 1981 (,2004,356 ) 1982 1980 (,2001,173 ) 44
(,1994-b,84 ) 1988 (,2004,360 ) (,2004,360 ) 1985 12 (,1987,160 ) 1982 (,2001,174 ) 1986 ( ) 12.6 (,1992,86 ) 1986 10 1987 1 14 45
(,2004,372 ) 1960 4 19 1987 50 1970 (5) (,1995,78 ) 1970 (,2003,123 ) 1980 ( -a,1999,151 ) 20 (,1995,190 ) 1980 11 (,2002,169 ) 1979 8 ( -a,1999,152 ) 1982 46
1980 (,2004,350 ) (,2002,174 ) (,2003,122 ) (,1998,97 ) 1985 (,1999-b,152 ) (,1995,198 ) (,2004,353 ) (,2003,124 ) 47
6 29 6 29 (,2004,365 ) 1987 (,2002,207 ) 6 29 (,2002,63 ) 90 (,1995,207 ) 1985 53 90 1985 12 (,1998,120 ) 1987 1 48
(,1995,206 ) 1987 4 13 1969 (,1988,121 ) (,1999,200 ) (,1995,32 ) (,2001,65 ) 1987 (,1995,210 ) 7 1 1987 4 38 (,1995,210 ) 49
6 29 1985 6 29 (,1998,122 ) 6 29 1981 7 1 1988 1985 12 (,2002,205 ) 1987 6 10 (,2002,206 ) (,1999,168 ) 1985 50
1979 1980 (2002,,210 ) (,2004,368 ) 6 29 1985 12 6 29 6 29 1958 4 1971 8 12 1958 1971 1985 51
1958 1971 1985 6 29 (1)YH 1979 8 9 170 4 (2) 1979 10 16 5 16 18 19 (3) 11 1979 12 12 1980 5 17 5 (4) 1984 (5) 1965 7 25 52
6 29 (,2004,373 ) 1987 6 29 10 12 (,1998,135 ) (,1998,136 ) 1987 10 27 10 29 12 16 13 (5 ) 1987 ( ) 28 27 8 37 (,2000,263 ) 70.7 66.4 56.0 51.3 94.9 90.3 85.3 (,2002,214 ) 6 1988 13 41 (,2000,264 ) ( ) 53
(,2002,45 ) (,1998,140 ) (,2002,265 ) 1992 12 18 14 1963 30 1997 14 1987 6 2005 1 2002 ( ) (,2002,213 ) (,2002,92 ) 54
( ) 71 1,1998,255 276. 1 15 2,1992,77 91. 2 15 3,1992,27 48. ( ) 17,2002,1 56.,2004. ( ) ( ) 55 4,1991,559 610. ( ) 59 6,1996,1143 1177. 28,1995,31 72. ( ) 331,1994,24 52. ( ) 70 2,1997 263 295.,1999.,1994.,2001. 20 1999,153 166.,2000. Wiarda,Howard J. Introduction to Comparative Plitics :Concepts and Processes Harcourt Inc,1993( J /,2000 ). 57 1,1989, 1 52.,,2003. ( ) 22,1999,111 130. 55
( ) 130 1,1991,84 112. ( ) 130 4,1991,92 122.,,1997. ( ) 8 1,1995,11 34. ( ) 60 1,1987,147 170.,1993 O Donnell,Guillermo. and Schmitter,Philippe C. Transition from Authoritarian Rule :Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies The Johns Hopkins University Press,1986(, /,,1986 ). 14 45 3,1993,424 440. /, 48 3,1996,698 733.,1997.,1989. 34 6,1985,74 85.,, 2004. 4,1995 93 4,1996,51 88. 26,1999,2003.,2004. 345,1988,31 46. 20,2001,59 78.,2001. 56
1999 2,1999, 522 540. / 1 1,2001,109 119. 13 ( ) 124, 1989,515 567. 4,2001,89 126. / 16 21 1,2004,279 302. / ( ) 2001 3,2001,982 998. /,2000. 9 1,2001,137 167.,2004 New Liberal Arts Selection,2003. ( ) 40 4,2004,107 139.,,1997.,,2002. (1) 37 1,1996,11 30. (2) 38 2,1997,91 116. 128,2001, 146 159. 180,1989, 1 32. 182,1990, 21 70. 57
41 2,1998,139 226. ( ) 107 3 4,2000,149 183. 28,1997, 167 184. 36 7 8,1988,41 55. ( NIES ) 410,1993,41 56.,,2004. ( ) 1,1995,35 47.,, ( ) 17,2002,117 135.,2002. ( ) 64 3,1996,1 34. / 59,2001,221 232. 51,1991,39 56. 14 1 54,1992,15 29. 14 2 1 43 2,1993,1 13. 14 3 55,1993,11 30. 68,1999, 45 61. Jack, Lively. Democracy Basil Blackwel Ltd,1975( /,,1989 ). Schumpeter,Joseph A. Capitalism,Socialism democracy Harper Brothers,1942( /, 58
,1989 ).,1968.,,1984. ( ),1993.,1993.,1999. 73 10 92 5 44 5,1993,48 81. 125, 2000,61 78. Stepan,Alhred C. Rethinking Military :Brazil and the South Cone Princeton University Press,1988( C /,1989.,,2004. Dahl,Robert A. On Democracy Yale UniVersity Press,1998(R A /,2001 ). 125,2000,162 179., 2001. 92,1993,91 105.,1992. -a (1) 36,1996,1 30. -b (2 ) 37,1996,1 39. 47,2000,241 278. 36 2, 1992,217 243.,2003. -a (1) 86,1998,1 37. -b (2) 87,1998,1 32. 59
-a,2002. -b,2002.,1995. 17,2000, 70 115. /,1997. /,1999.,,2004. 125,2000,1 13. 20,1998. 19,2001,69 96.,1993 3,1994. 27 2,1986,26 38. 4,1992.,,1996. 85,1981,1 48. Huntington, Samuel P. The Third Wave :Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century University of Oklahoma Press,1991(S P /,, 20,1995 ). / 1980 34 2,2000, 47 71 /,,2004.,1994. 48 4,1997,73 96.,1995. 40 1,1988,1 94. 60
3 (2),1992. Held,David. Democracy and the global order Blackwell publishers Published,1995( /,2002 ). Henderson,Gregory. Korea :The Politics of Vortex the President and Fellows of Harvard College,1968( /,,1973 ). NIES ( ), 2002. 埰 / 1 ( ) 41,1988,90 138. /,1993, 12 29. 1,1994,9 18,2000. 40 3 4,1991,351 369. 25,1986,299 315. 119 2,1998,195 211. / (1) 46 4,1999,249 258. / 1980 (2) 100,1999,141 154. (3) 47 2,1999,49 58. 48 3 4,2001,39 48. (1) ( ) 41 2, 2000,91 106. (2 ) ( ) 41 3,2000,95 126. (1) 30,1999,207 238 61
( ) 27 6, 1986,26 42. ( ) 27, 1986,60 77.,1998. 26,1996,39 82. ( ) 61 2, 1994,123 147. a 87,1994,75 96. b 89, 1994,37 57.,2004.,2000. 31 11,1990, 35 55. 27,1989,1 38. 75 7,2003, 62 66.,2001.,1999. Lint,Juan J. Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes Lynne Rienner Pub Published,2000( /,1995 ). Lint,Juan J. and Valenzuela,Arturo. The Failure of Democracy,Vol.1,Comparative Perspectives The Johns Hopkins University Press,1994(J,A /,2003 ). 3,2004,1 24. (1) 578,1996,39 54. (4) 598,1997,16 31. 62