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Equality of Welfare: A Response to Equality of What? PD Email: akichan@m7.gyao.ne.jp (Equlity of What?) 1971 1980 90 (currency) Cohen 1989; Arneson 2000 (well-being) (metric or index) (welfare) (preference satisfaction) (equality of welfare) (considered preferences) (1) (well-being) (pleasure) (happiness) (enjoyment) Scanlon 1991, pp. 24-6; 1

1998, pp. 116-8; Hausman 1995, p. 474 (the fact of pluralism) Arneson 1990b, pp. 446-51; Otsuka 2003, pp. 109-12 (2) Scanlon 1991, p. 40 (double-counting) (self-interested preferences) (preference autonomy) Harsanyi 1982, p. 55 (3) (hypothetical preferences) Arneson 1989, p. 83; 1990a, pp. 161-4; 2000, p. 507 Dworkin 2000, pp. 48-52 (expensive tastes) (deliberately) Dworkin 2000, pp. 48-50 2

Dworkin 2000, pp. 50-2 Dworkin 2000, pp. 57-8 (equality of resources) Dworkin 2000, pp. 66-71 (adaptive preferences) Sen 1985, p. 197; 1992, pp. 54-5; see also 2004 39-41 (welfarism) Sen 1985, pp. 174-82, 185-7 (agency) (equality of capabilities) 3

(functions) (capability) Sen 1985, pp. 197-203; 1992, ch. 3 Scanlon 1991, pp. 30-8; see also Hausman 1995 (personal preferences) ( true preferences) Harsanyi 1982, p. 55 A i B j (Scanlon 1991, p. 31) (extended sympathy) j i j i j j j j i i i j j 4

(primary goods) (all-purpose) Rawls 1971, pp. 90-2 Scanlon 1986, pp. 117-8 Scanlon 1991, p. 41 See Arneson 1989, p. 83; 1990a, pp. 163-4 5

(reasonably) (opportunity for welfare) Arneson 1989; 1990a; 2000 Dworkin 2000, pp. 73-7 Dworkin 2000, pp. 77-8 2008, pp. 133-6 6

Sen 1985, p. 201-2; 1992, pp. 148-51 (1) (2) (3) (the indexing problem) See Vallentyne 2005 7

e.g. Scanlon 1991, pp. 42-3 (well-being freedom) (agency freedom) Sen 1985, pp. 203-4 Sen 1985, p. 207-8 (the objective list approach) See Arneson 1989, pp. 90-2 (Aristotelian essentialism) Nussbaum 1992; 1993 Sen 1993, pp. 46-9 8

(proxy) Hausman 1995, p. 486 Sen 1982, pp. 367-8; Scanlon 1991, p. 41 But (the indexing problem) Gibbard 1979; Arneson 1990b, pp. 445-6 9

Scanlon 1991, pp. 39-40 (1) (2) (complete) Sen 1985, pp. 180-1; 1992, pp. 47-8; 1993, pp. 48-9; see also 2004, pp. 178-89 (incompleteness) (1) (2) 10

(open or tentative incompleteness) (closed or assertive incompleteness) Sen 1985, p. 180; 2002, p. 182 11

Arneson, R. J. (1989) Equality and Equal Opportunity for Welfare. Philosophical Studies 56, 77-93. Arneson, R. J. (1990a) Liberalism, Distributive Subjectivism, and Equal Opportunity for Welfare. Philosophy and Public Affairs 19, 159-94. Arneson, R. J. (1990b) Primary Goods Reconsidered. Noûs 24, 429-54. Arneson, R. J. (2000) Welfare Should Be the Currency of Justice. Canadian Journal of Philosophy 30, 497-524. Cohen, G. A. (1989) On the Currency of Egalitarian Justice. Ethics 99, 906-44. Dworkin, R. (2000) Sovereign Virtue: The Theory and Practice of Equality. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Gibbard, A. (1979) Disparate Goods and Rawls Difference Principle: A Social Choice Theoretic Treatment. Theory and Decision 11, 267-88. Harsanyi, J. C. (1982) Morality and the Theory of Rational Behaviour. A. Sen and B. Williams (eds.) Utilitarianism and Beyond. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hausman, D. M. (1995) The Impossibility of Interpersonal Utility Comparisons. Mind 104, 473-90. 2008 121-39 Nussbaum, M. (1992) Human Functioning and Social Justice: In Defense of Aristotelian Essentialism. Political Theory 20, 202-46. Nussbaum, M. (1993) Non-Relative Virtues: An Aristotelian Approach. In Sen and Nussbaum (1993). Otsuka, M. (2003) Libertarianism without Inequality. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Rawls, J. (1971) A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Scanlon, T. M. (1986) Equality of Resources and Equality of Welfare: A Forced Marriage? Ethics 97, 111-8. Scanlon, T. M. (1991) The Moral Basis of Interpersonal Comparisons. J. Elster and J. E. Roemer (eds.) Interpersonal Comparisons of Well-Being. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Scanlon, T. M. (1998) What We Owe to Each Other. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Sen, A. (1982) Choice, Welfare and Measurement. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Sen, A. (1985) Well-being, Agency and Freedom: The Dewey Lectures 1984. Journal of Philosophy 82, 169-221. Sen, A. (1992) Inequality Reexamined. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Sen, A. (1993) Capability and Well-Being. In Sen and Nussbaum (1993). Sen, A. (2002) Rationality and Freedom. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Sen, A, and M. Nussbaum (eds.) (1993) The Quality of Life. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Vallentyne, P. (2005) Capabilities versus Opportunities for Well-being. Journal of Political Philosophy 13, 359-71. 2004 12