JILPT Discussion Paper Series 07-04 2007 3 Spencer -1 -

1 2 1. 2. 3. 3 4. 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 4 1. 2. 3. 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6-2 -

1 1990 1 2 JILPT 3 1 2005 2005 2003 2 2003 3-3 -

Spencer 2 1. 2000 2002 underlying characteristics trait Boyatis1982 pp.20-21 Spencer & Spencer, 1993, p.9. 2001, 11 Klemp, 1980 Mirabile, 1997 Boam & Sparrow, 1992 1999 128 2000 52-4 -

2. cognitive ability or intelligence 1970 1970 skill based pay 4 3. 3 4 2002 Prahalad Hamel Prahalad & Hamel, 1995-5 -

3 3.1. White 1959 White 5 White McClelland Boyatzis 1970 McClelland McClelland White McClelland 1973 Boyatzis 1982 5 White, R. W. 1959-6 -

1990 Spencer & Spencer. 1993 2001 McClelland Spencer 3.2. 6 (EEOC) 7 1980 1986 NVQ National Vocational Qualification NVQ 6 2002 2004 2000 7 2000-7 -

NVQ Boyatzis 1982 Threshold Competencies Differentiating Competencies Spencer & Spencer. 1993 2001 19 Threshold 2 3.3. 8 OECD 1990 OECD 1997 DeSeCo Definition & Selection of Competencies; 8 2002-8 -

Theoretical & Conceptual Foundations 2001 9 4. 3 1. 2001 3 10 11 9 Rychen & Salganik 2001 2006 p9 10 2002 2000 1999 11 2002 1997-9 -

1990 12 Hi-Performer 2. 13 2005 18 12 13 1999-10 -

2006 2004 2004 1 3. 14 3.1. 14-11 -

1997 1997 2246 2005 2752 1997 16.9% 2005 9.2% 1999 1999 5.7 2005 28.7 3 3 2005 32.4 14.3 15 2001 40.2% 2 18.3 2002 72.7% 61.0% 29.3% 2002 2 35.6% 45.9 1 8.3% 20.5% 18.8% 27.6% 45.9 29.0 29.2% 17.2 2001 15 2004 p.100-105 - 12 -

2001 1999 3 8000 11793 4.4 2003 2005 2001 16.1 2001 11.2 1994 27.6 1995 1999 45.7. 2000 20.5 16 25.3 45.8% 32.3 60.6% 44.7% 16.5 JILPT 2004 200 18,000 11,865 10.8 15.6% 2004 20.7 2005 3.2. 16 2000 11.2 2000 2 360-13 -

2004 2001 2001 4 5 2,228 150 1999 10 2000 9 214 2,442 26.9 2004 11.5 13 17 12 18 4 8 19 3.3. 1990 17 2004 18 2004 19 2004-14 -

4. 4 Spencer & - 15 -

Spencer. 1993 2001 Spencer McClelland 1. Spencer & Spencer. 1993, p.11 2001 14 1 1 Spencer & Spencer 1993, p.11 2001 14-16 -

2. 2.1. Spencer & Spencer. 1993 2001 119 3 1-17 -

2 A BEI B C D E F 6 A 3-18 -

20 2.2. Competency & Emotional Intelligence 2004 69.7% 64.5% 63.2% 56.6% 53.9% 48.7% 25.0% 72.7% 61.0% 29.3% 2003 Spencer & Spencer. 1993 2001 119-138 20 1999 128-133 28 7 4 7 4 or or 2 2000 62-66 3 3 9-19 -

BEI 2.3. BEI - 20 -

McClelland 1973 BEI BEI TAT Spencer & Spencer. 1993 2001 125 Wood, R. & Payne, T. 1998, pp.113-114 BEI 3. - 21 -

5 1. 70 90 2006 90-22 -

21 4 2001 11.5 2004 2. JILPT 18 21-23-

22 31 2006 8 10 1 2 1 3 1 3,628 0.6% 1 3.3% 1 3.2% 30,686 4.9% 2 6.7% 2 6.5% 155,661 24.9% 8 26.7% 8 25.8% 3,837 0.6% 1 3.3% 1 3.2% 33,550 5.4% 2 6.7% 5 16.1% 20,689 3.3% 1 3.3% 1 3.2% 107,193 17.1% 5 16.7% 3 9.7% 40,870 6.5% 2 6.7% 4 12.9% 9,190 1.5% 1 3.3% 1 3.2% 211,026 33.7% 7 23.3% 5 16.1% 9,155 1.5% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 625,485 100.0% 30 100.0% 31 100.0% 22 8 3.7 3.2 2.4 1-24 -

18 2006 3 1 23 A 2006 4 B 71 24 C 46 25 D JILPT 4 26 E 8 27 F 3 A F 2006 93 IT G JILPT 2006 8 100 A F 90 183 23 24 AERA 2003 2002 25 2007 http://www.rikunabi.com/ 2007 http://job.nikkei.co.jp/ http://bunnabi.jp/ http://www.nikki.ne.jp/ 2007 7 8 26 http://www.jil.go.jp/mm/hrm/index.html 2006 2 26 27 http://www.works-i.com/ 2007 2 26-25 -

A B C A 40 B 53 C A B C 2007 4 31 31 2007 4 2 100 3 28 2 1-26 -

10 % N % 1 1 3.2 500 4 12.9 2 2 6.5 999 1 3.2 1 1999 11 35.5 1 4999 5 16.1 1 8 25.8 5000 10 32.3 4 31 100.0 1 2 3 16.1 1 1 3.2 1 1 3.2 5 5 16.1 1 1 3.2 5 3 3 9.6 1 1 4 12.9 2 31 100 1 2 2006 2006 3 2005 2005 2007 HP 2006 9 3. 4 1-27 -

2 4. 4 3 10 5 3 10 4 4 0 3 1972 8-28 -

3 3 3 3 2 3 7 28 8 4 3 1 2 1 8 5 28 1-29 -

4 1 3 2 2 1 8 8 10 4 2 5. - 30 -

Spencer Spencer 6-31 -

2000 Boam & Sparrow, 1992, Designing and achieving competency : a competency-based approach to developing people and organizations, McGraw-Hill, London; New York. Boyatzis, R. E., 1982, The competent manager: A model for effective performance, New York: Wiley. Hamel, G. & Prahalad, C. K., 1994, Competing for the future, Boston: Harvard Business School Press 1995 ] - 32 -

2005 2002 1997 156-196 1997 330-414 490 536 2002 211 222 2001 May 32 37 2006 Works Review 1 36 49 2002 3 1999 14 2006 http://www.meti.go.jp/ press/20060208001/20060208001.html 2007 2 26 Klemp, G. O., Jr., 1980, The assessment of occupational competence. Report to the National Institute of Education. Washington, DC. 2005 2004 http://www.mhlw.go.jp/ general/seido/syokunou/yes/index.html 2007 3 5 2002 2002 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001 2003 48 2 73 89 McClelland, D. C., 1973, Testing for competence rather than for intelligence, American Psychologist, 28, pp.1-14. Mirabile, R. J., 1997, Everything you wanted to know about competency modelling, Training & Development, 51, pp.73-77. 2005-33 -

No.33 1 22 53 2004 1,143 658 211 244 1999 2002 No.127 2004 1,143 658 211 244 49 65 2001 4 71 91 1999 Prahalad, C. K, & Hamel, G., 1990, The core competence of the corporation, Harvard Business Review, 68, pp.79-87. Rankin, Neil, 2004, Competency & emotional intelligence, 2004 / 05 Benchmarking, the Industrial Relations Services, p.8. 2005 No.38 Rychen, S. Dominique & Salganik, H. Laura, ed, 2001, Defining and selecting key competencies, Hogrefe & Huber, Kirkland 2006 Spencer, Lyle M. & Spencer, Signe M., 1993, Competence at Work, Wiley, 2001 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2005-34 -

No. 33 4 120 177 2003 2001 11 1 49 62 White, R. W., 1959, Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence, Psychological Review, 66, pp.297-333. 1999 Wood, Robert, & Payne, Tim, 1998, Competency Based Recruitment and Selection, Wiley, Chichester; New York. 2001 2001 http://www.works-i.com/flow/survey/index.html 2007 2 7 2004 2003 2005 14 16-35 -