ph Theory Guide School experiments ph Natural science laws experience ph live ph learn easily
Contents 1 1. ph 5 1.1. 5 1.2. ph 6 1.3. ph 7 a) ph 9 b) 10 c) 11 1.4. ph 11 a) 11 b) 12 c) ph 14 d) 15 ph 15 2. 18 2.1. 18 a) 18 b) / 19 c) 21 2.2. 21 2.3. 24 2.4. ph 25 25 26 26 26 27 27 InLab Power (Pro) 28 2.5. 28 2.6. 28 28 29 29 2.7. 29 (Ag2S) 29 1
2Contents (AgCl) 29 30 30 2.8. 30 2.9. 30 3. ph 31 3.1. 31 3.2. 32 3.3. 32 33 3.4. 34 4. ph 37 4.1. ph 37 4.2. 38 4.3. 40 (ß) 41 (ΔpH) 42 (ΔpH/ΔT) 42 4.4. ph 42 ph 44 45 4.5. ph / 47 4.6. ph 48 48 49 50 50 4.7. 51 51 52 52 53 5. 55 5.1. 55
ph ph 3
4Introduction to ph
1. ph 1.1. (H3O + ) (OH - ) H3O + + OH 2 H2O 1 CH3COOH + H2O CH3COO + H3O + 2 ph 4.2 ph = log [H3O + ] 3 ph ph ph 4 5
Introduction to ph / Mg(OH) 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 4.9% (1 M) 0.37% (0.1 M) 0.27% (0.1 M) 0.6% (0.1 M) 4 ph 0.84% (0.1 M) 4% (sat) 1.7% (1 M) 0.017% (0.01 M) 0.98% (0.1 M) ph 7 ph14 OH - ph NH3 + H2O NH4 + + OH 5 ph ph 0 14 0 7 7 14 ph 7 1.2. ph ph ph ph ph ph 6
ph ph ph ph ph ph 1.3. ph ph ph ph ph ph 2 ph / H + H + 7
2 ph 6 E = E0 + 2.3RT / nf * log [H3O + ] E = E0 = R = T = ( ) n = F = 6 ph METTLER TOLEDO InLab Mono ph InLab Reference Pro Introduction to ph 7 ph 7 ph 2 ph 1 3 8
a) ph ph ph H + LI + SIO3 internal H + SIO3 = buffer LI + SIO3 LI + LI + SIO3 SIO3 SIO3 LI + LI + LI + SIO3 SIO3 SIO3 LI + LI + SIO3 SIO3 H + H + H + H + (0.2 0.5 mm) 1000 A (10-4 mm) 8 H + ph H + H + ph ph 9 S7 9 ph ph 9
Introduction to ph b) ph H + ph S7 10 / / 4.4 2.2 10
c) 2 11 ph ph 2 ph ph ph 3-in-1 S7 METTLER TOLEDO InLab Routine ARGENTHAL ph 11 ph 1.4. ph ph ph a) ph ph 11
Introduction to ph ph ph b) ph 1 1 E = E0 + 2.3RT / nf * log [H3O + ] = E0-2.3RT / nf * ph = 2.3RT / nf = ph 7.00 0 mv 12 ph mv ph 12
mv ( -59.16 mv/ph : 0mV) + 7 ph 13 ph mv ph 2 ph 3 ph 3 5 ph ph 5.1 13
Introduction to ph ph c) ph ph ph ph ph ph 1 50mV 85 30mV ph 14
2 ph ph d) / 0.05 ph ph ph ph ph 1) 2 2) ph 3) ph 4) ph 5) 15
Introduction to ph 6) 7) ph ph 8) 9) 10) 11) ph 12) ph 13) 14) 2 15) ph 16) 17) 18) 3 9-12 ph 19) 20) 21) 1) 2) / ph 3) ph 4) ph 16
5) ph 6) 7) 1-6 8) 17
Electrode selection and handling 2.1. 2. ph ph ph ph a) ph InLab Routine Pro 14 14 18
KCl AgCl Ag2S b) / 15 InLab Science ph 19
Electrode selection and handling 15 ph 2 3 20
c) 3 16 2.2. / / / / / AgCl 21
Electrode selection and handling / Ag/AgCl ARGENTHAL ARGENTHAL Silver AgCl wire coated with / Ag/AgCl cartridge (ARGENTHAL ) (ARGENTHAL ) Glass wool Silver ion trap Ag + free reference electrolyte Diaphragm 17 ARGENTHAL ARGENTHAL 2 KCl (LiCl) / Ag/AgCl 22
3mol/L KCl ARGENTHAL ARGENTHAL ARGENTHAL AgCl 3mol/L 3mol/L ARGENTHAL ARGENTHAL 3mol/L + 3mol/L + + + / + 18 23
Electrode selection and handling 2.3. ph 19 ph ph 19 ph ph 24
HA LoT A41 U HF Na ph / ph (1g/L ) HF ph 1g/L ph 5 ph Sb850-SC 1 DX202-SC 2 2.4. ph ph ph ph ph InLab Routine InLab Routine Pro 1 Sb850-SC 59904435 2 DX202-SC 51109295 25
Electrode selection and handling ph ph InLab Expert ph InLab Expert Pro ph ph InLab Science InLab Science Pro ph 26
InLab Solids InLab Solids Pro InLab Solids ph ph ph ph ph ph ph ph InLab Surface NMR ph ph ph InLab Micro (Pro) 27
Electrode selection and handling 2.5. InLab Power (Pro) InLab Power (Pro) ph 1 2.6. ph ph ph ph ( 3mol/L ) ph4 ph7 28
ph4 0.1 mol/l HCl ph 2.7. ph Ag2S 0.1 mol/l HCl 8 3 AgCl 3 51340070 29
Troubleshooting guide /HCl(0.1 mol/l HCl 5% ) 4 0.1 mol/l 2.8. 5 ph 1-2 ph ph 1-3 ph 2.9. www.mt.com/electrodes www.mt.com/electrode-guide ph www.mt.com/ph 4 51340068 5 51340073 30
3. ph ph / - - - / / 3.1. ph 1: ph 2: mv 0 mv 3: ph mv ph 4.01 7.00 10.00 0 mv 180mV 31
Electrode selection and handling 3.2. 4: 1: ph4.01 ph7.00 mv 30 30 2 mv 2: ph (4.6 ) 3: 2.4 www.electrodes.net 3 4 InLab Science 3.3. 2 5 1: 2: 32
3: ph 5.1 4: ph ph 5: ph ph ( 0.02 ph) mv 0.02 0 +0.02 ph 20. 0.02pH 33
Electrode selection and handling 3.4. 1: mv mv ph ph 7.00 / (ARGENTHAL ) 0 mv 30 mv ph 4.01 ph 10.00 150 mv 2: 3: 50-60 34
ph4 0.1 mol/l 8 0.1 mol/l 5% 0.1 mol/l 4: ph ph 0.1 mol/l 0.1 mol/l 5% 4 NH4HF2 5 1 2 ph ph 5: 2 4 51340068 5 51340073 35
Comprehensive ph theory ph 2 2 3 ph www.electrodes.net 36
4. ph ph ph ph ph 4.1. ph Sørensen) ph H3O + ph = log [H3O + ] H3O + 10 ph ph ph (H + ph H3O + IUPAC H + + H2O H3O + 2 H2O H3O + + OH Kw Kw = [H3O+ ][OH ] = [H3O + ][OH ] = 10 14 mol/l (25 ºC) [H2O] Kw H3O + OH [H3O + ] [OH ] 10 7 mol/l ph 7 ph H3O + 10 3 mol/l [OH ] 10 11 mol/l ph 3 37
Comprehensive ph theory 4.2. ph ph ph ph ah + (γ H + (c = mol/l ) (b = mol/kg ) a H + = γh + b H + ah + = bh + T I (z) d 2 ph γ x H + logγ x H + = 0.5 I1/2 1+3 I 1/2 I 1 2 ciz 2 i 38
ph 1 Zi 1 I 0.001 0.005 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.967294 0.935044 0.915247 0.857205 0.829586 21 0.01 mol/l ph 0.01 mol/l : 0.09 mol/l 0.01 mol/l : ph = log (b H + γ x +) H ph = log(0.01 0.915) ph = log(9.15 10 =3 ) ph = 2.04 ph = log (b H + γ xx H +) ph = log(0.01 0.829) ph = log(0.829 10 =3 ) ph = 2.08 ph 0.04 ph ph γ m H + 200 a H + = γ x H + γ m H + b H + ph 39
Comprehensive ph theory 4.3. ph ph ph buffer ph HA H + + A (H + ) A HA H + A H + HA H + A H + HA A ph Ka = [H+ ][A ] [HA] 1 = 1 [A ] [H + ] Ka [HA] log 1 = log [H 1 + ] Ka [HA] + log [ A ] 40
log(1/[h + ])= log[h + ]= ph log(1/ka)= log Ka = pka ph = pka + log [A ] [HA] (Henderson-Hasselbalch) - Henderson-Hasselbalch [A ] [HA] ph ph = pka pka (ß) ph ph = pka ph = pka 1 OH (CH3COOH) 22 pka 4.8 ph ph ph = pka [A ] [HA] ph 4.8 ph 41
Comprehensive ph theory 4.8 ph 22. / (CO2 ) [A ]/[HA] (ΔpH) ph ph ph (ΔpH/ΔT) ph (H + ) ph 1 C ph 4.4. ph ph 1.3 ph 7 2 ph 42
E 6 E = E0 + 2.3 RT log ah + nf SHE SHE SHE ah+ 1.0( 1) 1bar E0 ah+ = 1 2.3 RT/nF EN ph 10 (1pH ) EN (T) 23 EN (mv) 0 C EN = 54.2 mv 25 C EN = 59.2 mv 50 C EN = 64.1 mv 23. ph E 24 E E 4 E 5 E 6 E 3 E 2 E 1 24. 43
Comprehensive ph theory ph ph E1 ph E1 ph E2 E6 E6 ph ph E2 E3 E4 E5 24 E1 ph 8 ph 24 E2 ph ph E3 24 E3 E3 ph ph E4 44
ph E1-E4 E5-E6 E5 / / E6 E6/Ediff Ediff ph Ediff 25 45
Comprehensive ph theory Solution 2 25 C 10 4 cm 2 / s V H + 36.25 OH 20.64 Li + 4.01 F 5.74 Na + 5.19 Cl 7.91 K + 7.62 NO3 7.41 NH4 + 7.62 CH3COO 4.24 Na + Solution 1 CI + 25. 1 2 Cl Na + 2 Ediff ph Ediff ph 46
KCI KNO3 25 ph 25 C ΔpH KCl (sat.) HCl (1 mol/l) Ediff = + 14.1 mv 0.238 ph KCl (sat.) NaOH (1 mol/l) Ediff = - 8.6 mv 0.145 ph ph 4.5. ph / 0mV (mv/ph) 2 ph 2 2 ph 7.00 ph 4.01 ph9.21( 10.00) 47
Comprehensive ph theory 2 ph 7.00 0mV mv 25 C 59.16mv/pH 26. ph ph ph 4.6. ph ph mv ph (T) E = E0 + 2.3 RT log ah + nf E = E0 0.198 T ph ph 48
E1 E6 ph 7.00/mV ph E1 E6 ph7 ph 0.1 ph 27 mv 7 14 ph T 1 T 2 27. 49
Comprehensive ph theory ph ph ph ph ph ph 0 100 C Kw( ) 1.34 ph (γ) γ γ 1 pka ph 50
ph 20 C 30 C 0.001 mol/l HCl 3.00 3.00 0.001 mol/l NaOH 11.17 10.83 7.43 7.40 Tris 7.84 7.56 ph ph 5.1 ph ph ph 4.7. ph ph 51
Comprehensive ph theory ph 9 ph 28 ph ph 28 28. ph KCl Hg 2+, Ag +, Pb 2+, CIO4 52
2.1 Ediff ph ( 5 ) ph ph ph ph0 ph14 ph 29 ph 29. ph 53
Comprehensive ph theory ph ph ph ph ph ph ph 54
5. 5.1. ph NIST/DIN 19266 5.0 1.67 2.02 4.01 7.09 9.45 10.65 10.25 11.72 4.004 6.950 9.392 10.0 1.67 2.01 4.00 7.06 9.38 10.39 10.18 11.54 4.001 6.922 9.331 15.0 1.67 2.00 4.00 7.04 9.32 10.26 10.12 11.36 4.001 6.900 9.277 20.0 1.68 2.00 4.00 7.02 9.26 10.13 10.06 11.18 4.003 6.880 9.228 25.0 1.68 2.00 4.01 7.00 9.21 10.00 10.01 11.00 4.008 6.865 9.183 30.0 1.68 1.99 4.01 6.99 9.16 9.87 9.97 10.82 4.015 6.853 9.144 35.0 1.69 1.99 4.02 6.98 9.11 9.74 9.93 10.64 4.026 6.845 9.110 40.0 1.69 1.98 4.03 6.97 9.06 9.61 9.89 10.46 4.036 6.837 9.076 45.0 1.70 1.98 4.04 6.97 9.03 9.48 9.86 10.28 4.049 6.834 9.046 50.0 1.71 1.98 4.06 6.97 8.99 9.35 9.83 10.10 4.064 6.833 9.018 55
www.mt.com/jp For more information TEL:03-5815-5515 FAX:03-5815-5525 E-mail:sales.admin.jp@mt.com 110-0008 2-9-7 6F 541-0053 2-1-6 15F 02/2011 Mettler-Toledo K.K., Printed in Japan 96210150