35 59 822 68.7% 15.4% 27.5% 50.0% 81.2% 91.1% 1 1 1946 66.4% 1980 30% 20% 2 (Sociological Theory and Methods) 81 2010, Vol.25, No.1: 81 93
2 2.1 1) Bourdieu and Passeron 1970 Bourdieu 1979 1990: I 276-8 Mennell et al 1993 1991 2000 2.2 2008 2008 2008: 94 エンゲル係数 80.0% 40.0% 0.0% 66.4% 57.4% 46.9% 41.6% 38.1% 34.1% 32.0% 29.0% 27.0% 25.4% 23.7% 23.3% 22.9% 23.3% 1946 年 1950 年 1955 年 1960 年 1965 年 1970 年 1975 年 1980 年 1985 年 1990 年 1995 年 2000 年 2005 年 2008 年 1 2 82
1 2009 A4 12 35 59 2009 10 31 1949 11 1 1974 10 31 1200 3 1197 35 822 68.7% 2009 9 24 10 1 10 5 11 11 500 2.3 2.4 2) 2001: 4 1985: 5 2.5 3 1 83
2 1 0 0 1 2 123 4 1 1 1 0 1 0 9 12 14 16 18 10 0 1600 200 1600 1700 2 Kawachi and Kennedy 2002 2006 2008 3 3.1 2009 1 35 59 822 68.7% 2009 10 1 191,402 97,097 3.2 2 84
1 0 0 1 2 3.3 1 41 3 (2008) 1 1 3.4 4 2009 12 4 4.1 88.5% 20.9% 2 3 42.1% 80.7% 11.1% 68.3% 20.5% 37.2% 48.6% 11.3% 3.0% 85.7% 4.2 85
3 30 84.5% 50 92.3% 30 16.1% 50 26.6% 86.0% 91.3% 15.4% 27.5% 599 81.9% 1200 92.8% 599 17.7% 1200 32.0% 4.5% 4 6.9% 81.2% 91.1% 9.9% 該当者の比率 100.0% 50.0% 0.0% 88.5% 20.9% 42.1% 80.7% 11.1% 68.3% 20.5% 85.7% 野菜を毎日 (818) 海藻を毎日 (818) みそ汁を毎日 (818) 朝食を毎日 (818) 野菜も海藻もなし (818) 野菜か海藻あり (818) 野菜と海藻両方 (818) 健康に幸福 (807) 2 野菜を毎日健康に幸福海藻を毎日 該当者の比率 100.0% 50.0% 0.0% 84.5% 88.8% 92.3% 86.0% 92.2% 91.3% 85.7% 90.2% 88.2% 92.2% 92.8% 81.9% 64.7% 91.9% 83.3% 86.1% 85.1% 85.1% 88.0% 92.9% 81.5% 87.9% 78.6% 88.1% 88.8% 69.2% 16.1% 18.3% 26.6% 11.8% 15.4% 22.1% 27.5% 50.0% 21.5% 20.7% 17.7% 19.9% 32.0% 30 代 (161) 40 代 (338) 50 代 (286) 中学卒 (17) 高校卒 (351) 短大卒 (217) 大学卒 (218) 大学院卒 (14) 現在仕事なし (275) 現在有職 (536) 世帯年収 0~599 万 (237) 600~1199 万 (408) 1200 万以上 (125) 3 健康に幸せ やや幸せの合計の比率 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 81.8% 毎日ではない (88) 86.3% 野菜を毎日 (715) 84.3% 毎日ではない (632) 91.2% 海藻を毎日 (171) 81.2% 84.9% 野菜も海藻もなし (85) 野菜か海藻あり (550) 91.1% 野菜と海藻両方 (168) 4 86
3 1 2 3 4 1 0 1.885.319 818 2 0 1.209.407 818.157*** 3 0 1.421.494 818.190***.287*** 4 0 1.807.395 818.270***.092**.191*** 5 1 4 3.200.751 807.100**.112**.082*.075* * p<0.05 **0.01 ***0.001 4.3 3 5 5.1 1 1 4 1 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.046 10 0 2 0.46 1 87
4.031.039**.011.025.116**.614.400.602*.334.098*.065.069.703***.371.018.353.141.352.975***.010.129.210***.047.131*.154***.072.006.105.299.004.084*.008.014.028.062 2 488.3 740.1 1002.9 663.6.062 754 p<0.1 *0.05 **0.01 ***0.001 5 1 2 3 4.066.091*.126***.126***.163***.163***.076*.047.032.032.075.075.009.009.098**.099**.025.026.048.048.045.045.091*.067.117**.083*.060.059.023.024.114**.010.034.087.087 778 774 686 686 p<0.1 *0.05 **0.01 ***0.001 5.2 2 14 5 1 2 1 2 88
3 4 (2008) 2 6 6.1 (1) 1 5) 15.4% 27.5% 50.0% (2) 2 81.2% 91.1% (3) (4) 6.2 5 89
5 Brillat-Savarin 1825: 23 6.3 (2008) (2008) (2008) 6.4 35 59 2008 (2008) 2008 Peterson and Simkus 1992 Peterson and Kern 1996 2000 90
2008 10 (2010) 2 1) Veblen (1899) 1991: ii Bourdieu 1986 1991: 27 2) 2007 : 12 445.7 82.6 80.2 111.6 16.0 276.7 11.4 2009: 86-7 3) 2006 2008 8 SF-8 36 SF-36 2005 4) 2000: 6-2 5) 15 22 2009: 41. 1991.. 21-34. Bourdieu, P. 1979. La Distinction: Critique Social du Jugement. Minuit. 1990. I II... 1986. The Forms of Capital. Pp. 241-58 in Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, edited by J. G. Richardson. Greenwood. and J. Passeron. 1970. La Reproduction: Éléments pour une théorie du systéme d'enseignement. Minuit. 1991.. Brillat-Savarin, J. A. 1825. Physiologie du Goût. 1967.. 91
.. 2005. QOL SF-8 SF-36 213: 133-36.. 2009... 2008... 2006.. 137-63.. 2000.. 181-220.. 2008. 2005 SSM 10. 29-41. Kawachi, I. and B. P. Kennedy. 2002. The Health of Nations: Why Inequality Is Harmful to Your Health. New Press. 2004... 2008. 43: 121-34.. 2010. 49 76-9. Mennell, S., A. Murcott, and A. H. Van Otterloo. 1993. The Sociology of Food: Eating, Diet and Culture. Sage.. 2009... 1991... 2008. 2005 SSM 10. 1-28.. 1985.. Peterson, R. A. and R. M. Kern. 1996. Changing Highbrow Taste: From Snob to Omnivore. American Sociological Review 61: 900-7. Peterson, R. A. and A. Simkus. 1992. How Musical Tastes Mark Occupational Status Groups. Pp. 152-86 in Cultivating Differences, edited by M. Lamont and M. Fournier. University of Chicago Press.. 2008. 38: 83-98.. 2001. Q A. Veblen, T. 1899. The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study in the Evolution of Institutions. 1998.. 2010 2 22 2010 4 21 92
Social Stratification and Food: Analyses of Effects on Health Jun Kobayashi Department of Contemporary Societies Seikei University 3-3-1, Kichijoji-Kitamachi, Musasino-shi, Tokyo 180-8633, Japan This paper examined how social stratification affected food. I treated vegetables and seaweed as cases. I showed that social stratification lead to inequality of eating vegetables and seaweed, and this resulted in inequality of health. This may be because eating them represented balanced eating life. Data were collected by a mail survey on 35-59 years old females in Nishitokyo city in Tokyo, Japan (822 respondents, 68.7% response rate). First, I found that as social stratification rose, people ate more vegetables and seaweed. Second, eating them everyday boosted subjective health. Third, vegetables and seaweed bridged effects of education on health as intervening variables. Fourth, I found no effects of traditional Japanese food and regular eating life on health. Keywords and Phrases: Social stratification, food, health, vegetables, seaweed (Received February 22, 2010/ Accepted April 21, 2010) 93
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