2006 14 2 214 226 2006 (NPI-35) 1) Raskin & Hall (1979) Emmons (1984) (Narcissistic Personality Inventory; NPI) Raskin & Terry (1988) NPI (Narcissistic Personality Inventory-35; NPI-35) 1 35 5 2 3 4 NPI-35 NPI-35 Narcissistic Personality Inventory-35 Kernberg (1975) Raskin & Hall (1981) DSM-III (APA, 1980) (Narcissistic Personality Disorder) 1) 16 (2003) 1991 2001 Raskin & Hall (1979) 80 Narcissistic Personality Inventory NPI Raskin & Hall (1981) Emmons (1984, 1987) Raskin & Terry (1988)Emmons (1984) 4 54 NPI Raskin & Terry (1988)
(NPI-35) 215 Emmons (1984) NPI 7 40 (1986) Emmons (1984) NPI DSM-III Millon (1981) 60 5 3 42 (1987) NPI (Raskin & Hall, 1979) 4 54 NPI (1985) (1991) Raskin & Hall (1979) Emmons (1984) NPI NPI (1998) Narcissistic Personality Inventory-Short version NPI-S NPI-S (1987) NPI 3 30 NPI-S 4 NPI-S Raskin & Terry (1988) NPI-S NPI-S DSM-IV- TR (APA, 2002) Raskin & Terry (1988) NPI Raskin & Terry (1988) NPI NPI Raskin & Hall (1979) Emmons (1984) NPI NPI-S 1998
216 14 2 1 Raskin & Terry (1988) NPI 2 3 4 1 1992 1998 1 Raskin & Terry (1988) NPI 2) 330 152 178 19.24 SD 1.16 19.20 SD 1.53 Raskin & Terry (1988) 40 NPI 1 6 6 2) Robert Raskin Howard Terry Robert Hogan (cf. Raskin, Novacek & Hogan, 1991) 40 t (t(295) 0.76, n. s.) 40 Promax 5.40 2 5 35 5 Table 1 Promax Cronbach a 1 10 1 2 8 2 3 9 3 4
(NPI-35) 217 Table 1 NPI-35 Promax (N 330) I II III IV V I. 18..73.19.15.09.17.59 20..69.13.08.15.03.47 30..68.00.15.12.03.67 12..68.23.01.07.00.59 26..67.21.10.02.00.43 27..63.24.07.08.10.51 7..61.05.13.17.13.55 14..43.31.00.00.05.42 38..42.06.07.09.14.28 25..41.17.05.10.10.24 II. 39..01.86.01.06.12.75 40..11.77.09.03.10.71 9..01.68.11.08.02.64 34..07.64.04.14.09.67 8..08.59.04.08.10.48 5..04.47.01.21.02.18 37..17.43.04.03.12.30 13..06.41.23.04.15.36 III. 11..03.07.64.20.06.38 2..02.01.63.21.16.30 33..17.08.61.14.01.52 36..05.19.60.10.05.61 10..01.17.59.03.07.55 3..05.05.49.05.05.23 1..02.14.47.10.06.34 32..04.26.41.07.24.56 23..10.04.41.01.17.26 IV. 29..07.06.04.79.03.61 19..04.06.13.75.03.49 15..12.18.05.51.03.43 V. 22..10.01.07.04.60.35 6..09.35.02.12.46.37 17..22.34.08.14.46.22 21..04.10.04.04.45.24 35..05.07.25.20.41.46 4.48 4.92 3.69 2.32 1.72 (%) 12.81 26.88 37.42 44.06 48.98 a.88.86.83.76.62 I.45.43.48.10 II.59.49.37 III.42.33 IV -.22
218 14 2 3 4 5 5 5 a.62.88 a.92 35 NPI-35 Table 2 NPI-35 Raskin & Terry (1988) NPI 7 5 Raskin & Terry (1988) 2 1987 Table 2 NPI-35 (N 330) NPI-35 111.75 (22.93) 37.07 (8.87) 22.48 (7.45) 27.46 (7.33) 6.89 (2.81) 17.86 (3.65) 1995 (Taylor & Brown, 1988, 1994) 2001 2 2 5 DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2002) (1987)
(NPI-35) 219 (2000) Raskin & Terry (1988) 1 35 NPI-35 2 2 1 NPI-35 1 237 95 142 19.60 SD 1.49 18.96 SD 0.88 10 1 NPI-35 1 6 Table 3 NPI-35 (N 557) I. II. III. IV. V. 18..75 20..61 30..83 12..73 26..60 27..71 7..77 14..61 38..52 25..44 39..86 40..86 9..81 34..81 8..70 5..39 37..50 13..54 11..52 2..38 33..75 36..86 10..83 3..40 1..56 32..70 23..47 29..70 19..83 15..72 22..47 6..57 17..24 21..54 35..69 I II III IV V I.67.63.55.29 II.78.48.62 III.43.62 IV.30
220 14 2 1 NPI-35 2 SAS CALIS 5 Table 3 1 GFI.73 AGFI.70 CFI.80 5 5 NPI-35 Cronbah a.94.89.88.84.81.71 2 3 4 3 NPI-35 I-T G-P 2 131 45 86 21.36 SD 1.57 20.71 SD 1.25 1 2002 11 153 53 100 21.40 SD 1.56 20.75 SD 1.25 NPI-35 8 NPI-35 2 2002 11 2003 1 NPI-35 2 1 I-T (r(151).24.56, p.01) NPI-35 NPI-35 109 109 G-P (t 1.99 11.86, p.05) NPI-35 t Welch 131 151 NPI-35 8 2 Table 4.77.86 a NPI-35.69.93 Table 4 NPI-35 a (N 131) a NPI-35.86.93 I..80.85 II..85.86 III..84.81 IV..78.83 V..77.69
(NPI-35) 221 NPI-35 4 4 NPI-35 NPI-35 NPI-S 1998 Edwards Personal Preference Schedule EPPS; Edwards, 1954 1986 1982 NPI-35 NPI-35 NPI-S NPI-35 NPI-S NPI-35 NPI-S NPI-35 NPI-S NPI-35 NPI-S NPI-35 NPI-S NPI- 35 3 NPI-S NPI-35 NPI-35 NPI-35 (1997) NPI-S (1982) Rosenberg (1965) 2 98 34 64 21.35 SD 1.15 20.78 SD 1.36 1. NPI-35 1, 2, 3 6 2. NPI-S 1998 1 5 5 3. EPPS (Edwards, 1954) Edwards (1954) Murray (1938) 15 (1970) 9 (1970)
222 14 2 Table 5 NPI-35 (N 98) NPI-35 I II III IV V NPI-S EPPS NPI-35.824***.911***.867***.462***.682***.787***.649***.588***.554***.560***.504***.375*** I..640***.614***.212*.420***.670***.371***.744***.354***.613***.642***.049 II..731***.409***.673***.687***.653***.419***.516***.484***.368***.435*** III..334***.482***.744***.595***.529***.571***.457***.431***.393*** IV..205*.313**.443***.114.194.214*.070.315** V..467***.505***.147.453***.195.164.396*** * p.05, ** p.01, *** p.001 1 5 5 4. (1986) 5 1 5 5 5. (1982) Rosenberg (1965) 10 (1982) 10 1 5 5 2 4 1 NPI-35 2 NPI-S EPPS 2002 11 2002 12 NPI-35 NPI-35 Table 5 NPI-35 NPI-35 NPI-35 NPI-S NPI-35 NPI-S NPI-35 EPPS NPI-35 NPI-S NPI-S NPI-S NPI-S NPI-S NPI-S NPI-S
(NPI-35) 223 NPI-35 Rosenberg (1965) NPI-35 NPI-S NPI- S NPI-35 NPI-S NPI-S NPI-S NPI-35 NPI-35 NPI- 35 NPI-35 Raskin & Terry (1988) NPI DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2002) 1 4 1 5 35 2 5 3 4 4
224 14 2 NPI- 35 NPI-35 5 (e.g., Raskin & Hall, 1981; Mullins & Kopelman, 1988) (1987) (1997) NPI-35 4 NPI-35 NPI-S NPI-S NPI-35 2 NPI-35 American Psychiatric Association 1980 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition: DSM-III. Washington, D. C.: Author. American Psychiatric Association 2002 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Forth Edition Text Revised: DSM- -TR. Washington, D. C.: Author. Edwards, A. L. 1954 Edwards personal preference schedule. New York: The Psychological Corporation. Emmons, R. A. 1984 Factor analysis and construct validity of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48, 291 300. Emmons, R. A. 1987 Narcissism: Theory and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 11 17. 1992 1970 EPPS Kernberg, O. F. 1975 Borderline conditions and pathological narcissism. New York: Jackson Aronson. 1995 35, 133 163. 1998 Millon, T. 1981 Disorders of personality: DSM-III, Axis II. New York: Wiley. 1991 39, 199 213.
(NPI-35) 225 1991 39, 455 460. 1985 (1) 1, 51 61. Mullins, L. S., & Kopelman, R. E. 1988 Toward an assessment of the construct validity of four measures of narcissism. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52, 610 625. Murray, H. A. 1938 Explorations in personality. New York: Oxford University Press. 2000 40, 192 197. 1987 (1) 29 534 535. 1997 44, 155 163. 1998 45, 45 53. 2001 10, 35 44. Raskin, R., & Hall, C. S. 1979 A narcissistic personality inventory. Psychological Reports, 45, 590. Raskin, R., & Hall, C. S. 1981 The narcissistic personality inventory: Alternate form reliability and further evidence of construct validity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 45, 159 162. Raskin, R., & Terry, H. 1988 A principal-components analysis of the narcissistic personality inventory and further evidence of its construct validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 890 902. Raskin, R., Novacek, J., & Hogan, R. 1991 Narcissism, selfesteem, and defensive self-enhancement. Journal of Personality, 59, 19 38. Rosenberg, M. 1965 Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 1986 (NPI) 16, 77 86. 1986 2 57, 134 140. 1987 27, 27 36. Taylor, S. E., & Brown, J. D. 1988 Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 193 210. Taylor, S. E., & Brown, J. D. 1994 Positive illusions and well-being revisited: Separating fact from fiction. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 21 27. 2001 72, 329 335. 1982 30, 64 68. 2005. 4. 28 2005. 10. 31
226 14 2 Development of Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI-35) Mizuho KONISHI 1, Masako OKAWA 1 and Tsukasa HASHIMOTO 2 1 Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science 2 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Doshisha University THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2006, Vol. 14 NO. 2, 214 226 In Japan, many researchers have studied narcissistic personality using Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI: Raskin & Hall, 1979; Emmons, 1984); however, different response formats were used and inconsistent factors found by different researchers. We tried to develop a new Japanese version of NPI, after the inventory by Raskin and Terry (1988). In Study 1, we explored internal structure of the scale through factor analysis, and found five factors: need for attention, sense of grandeur, leadership, praise for the body, and self conviction. We named it Narcissistic Personality Inventory-35 (NPI-35). In Study 2, the five factors found in Study 1 were verified by confirmatory factor analysis on the data of another sample. Study 3 showed that NPI-35 had sufficient test-retest reliability. Finally, in Study 4, we investigated validity in terms of the correlations between NPI-35 and NPI-Short version (Oshio, 1998), exhibitionism scale (Edwards, 1953), praise seeking scale (Sugawara, 1986), and self-esteem scale (Rosenberg, 1965). It was demonstrated that the fullscale NPI-35 and its component scales had good correlational validity. Key words: narcissism, Narcissistic Personality Inventory-35, reliability, validity