J. Jpn. Acad. Midwif., Vol. 30, No. 1, 57-67, 2016 原 著 20 代女性の出産イメージの特徴 Characteristics of image of the childbirth held by women in their twenties Hiroko YATSU 1 Yuri AKUTAGAWA 2 Miki SASAKI 1 Kuniko CHIBA 1 Mayumi NITTA 1 Mayumi HAMADA 1 Yuka YAMAMOTO 1 抄 録 目的 20 対象と方法 20 29 33 結果 20 10 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 4 6. 7. 8. 3 1 9. 5 1 10. 1 Japanese Red Cross College of Nursing 2 Former Assistant Professor of Japanese Red Cross College of Nursing 2015 6 16 2015 12 4 J. Jpn. Acad. Midwif., Vol. 30, No. 1, 2016 57
結論 キーワード : 20 Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to make clear the images women in their twenties have of childbirth through interviews of said women. Methods Unstructured interviews were conducted with 33 unmarried women residing within the Kanto region between the ages of 20 to 29 who had not experienced childbirth and data was collected. The resulting data was inductively analyzed, the core category of each participant was pattern coded, and characteristics of the images of childbirth were found. Results Ten characteristics that indicated the images of childbirth held by women in their twenties were extracted: 1) Most of the study participants held both "positive images" and "negative images" toward childbirth; 2) Almost all of the study participants have a wide range of images of childbirth; 3) A very select few participants held either only "positive images" or "negative images."; 4) Approximately half did not have concrete images of what it would be like for them to experience childbirth; 5) Although over four out of ten participants held images of childbirth as something "painful," this view was not tied to feelings of avoidance of childbirth; 6) The "gendered image" of childbirth was divided into two groups one which believed childbirth is desirable for women and one which did not; 7) The "temporal image" of childbirth was divided into two groups one which was conscious of childbearing age and one which was aware of the timing of childbirth; 8) One in three study participants held images that the reconciliation of childbirth and work is difficult; 9) One in five study participants held images that childbirth makes one feel guilty; 10) In the "societal ideal image," discontent and expectation toward society was reflected. Conclusion Nearly all of the study participants combined positive and negative images of childbirth and attributed various significances to them, some of which were linked and others of which were diverse. Present behind the fact that approximately half of the participants did not have concrete images of what it would be like for the women themselves to experience childbirth were the following images: harsh employment conditions for women, inadequate familycentered measures in the workplace and community, the absence of role models reconciling work and childbirth, and inadequate education of both men and women regarding autonomously selecting the timing and method of birth. Addressing these problems was considered a pressing task in order to create an environment conducive to childbirth in Japanese society where the birth rate is low. Key words: childbirth, image, women in twenties, society with fewer children Ⅰ. 研究の背景 35 35 1975 17.2 2013 62.7 3.6 2015 40 20 24 20 2006 p.802 20 2000 58 30 1 2016
20 3 pp.38-69 2000 2006, pp.23-40 2009, pp.105-123 2008, pp.31-36 2011, pp.40-57 2013, pp.35-44 2004, pp.27-50 2004, pp.107-123 2009, pp.105-123 2007, pp.45-52 2011, pp.40-57 2004, pp.107-123 2010, pp.105-114 2013, pp.59-70 2008, pp.31-36 2012, pp.81-92 2011, pp.40-57 2013, pp.35-44 2000 20 1988 p.227 pp.230-231 21 20 20 20 20 Ⅱ. 研究方法 A. 研究参加者 20 29 35 20 20 1 1 B. データ収集方法 24 6 9 1 1 30 20 24 25 29 C. データ分析方法 1 2 Saldaña, 2013, pp.58-242 J. Jpn. Acad. Midwif., Vol. 30, No. 1, 2016 59
Saldaña, pp.209-213 D. 倫理的配慮 2012-16 Ⅲ. 結果 A. 研究参加者の概要 33 14 20 24 19 25 29 4 29 27 1 1 16 3 2 1 22 3 2 1 21 12 3 17 15 1 B.20 代女性の出産イメージ 88 13 20 10 特徴 1: 研究参加者のほとんどは出産に対して 肯定的イメージ と 否定的イメージ の両方を併せもつ 30 90.9 20 A 特徴 2: ほとんどの研究参加者の出産イメージには広がりがみられる 30 90.9 5 9 5 20 B B 3 60 30 1 2016
20 特徴 3: 肯定的イメージ のみをもつか 否定的イメージ のみをもつ研究参加者がわずかながら存在する 3 9.1 2 1 20 C C 20 C 特徴 4: 約半数は出産に対して現実味を感じていない 17 51.5 1 1 20 D 特徴 5:4 割強の研究参加者が出産に対して 痛いもの というイメージをもつもののそれが出産への忌避感に結び付いてはいない 4 14 42.4 20 E 特徴 6: ジェンダー的イメージ は出産を女性にとって望ましいものとする考え方とそうでない考え方とに二分される 20 F 5 特徴 7: 時間的イメージ は出産年齢を意識するものと出産時期を意識するものに二分される J. Jpn. Acad. Midwif., Vol. 30, No. 1, 2016 61
2 20 G G 特徴 8: 研究参加者の3 人に1 人は, 出産と仕事の両立は難しいというイメージをもつ 3 1 11 33.3 20 H H 特徴 9: 研究参加者の5 人に1 人は, 出産に対して 負い目を感じさせるもの というイメージをもつ 5 1 7 21.2 20 I I I 特徴 10: 対社会的理想イメージ には社会に対する不満と期待が反映されている 20 J 62 30 1 2016
20 Ⅳ. 考察 33 25 27 16 20 20 3:5 20 A.20 代女性のイメージの多様性が意味するもの 20 1 2 3 6 9 33 29 2004, pp.21-23 4 1 5 2010 pp.7-10 2013 pp.22-24 2000 pp.53-61 2010 pp.18-20 2006 p.2 2008 pp.8-9 2000 p.47 2004 p.5 2000, pp.61-63 1995 pp.27-33 2012 pp.46-55 2011 pp.272-277 2010 pp.29-40 2013 pp.32-43 2013 p.5 2000 pp.46-53 20 20 B. 出産に現実味を感じない女性たちの背景 4 1998 6 50 30 8 4 20 J. Jpn. Acad. Midwif., Vol. 30, No. 1, 2016 63
64 30 1 2016 2012 20 34 1035 2003 1211 2003 45.4 2012 48.9 2013, pp.1-2 2001 1 2013 pp.2-3 20 8 3 1 2009 pp.108-109 p.109 25 2014 1 2 2014 1 3 2013 pp.357-358 20 C. 実践への示唆 20 20
20 21 2014a 2012 2014b 2015 9 50 1 3 2 20 1990 2002 pp.945-949 2011 41.7 8 pp.149-151 2006 2014 pp.6-7 1 2009 p.1 J. Jpn. Acad. Midwif., Vol. 30, No. 1, 2016 65
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