SN 2007bi Yoshida, T. & Umeda, H., MNRAS 412, L78-L82 (2011)

SN 2007bi Yoshida, T. & Umeda, H., MNRAS 412, L78-L82 (2011)

SN 2007bi SN 2007bi (Gal-Yam et al. 2009) 2007 4 6.5 Type Ic subluminous dwarf galaxy Z ~ (0.2-0.4) Z (Young et al. 2010) 36 (Young et al. 2010)

SN2007bi SN2007bi Fλ (10-18 erg s -1 cm -2 A -1 ) Rest Wavelength (A ) (Gal-Yam et al. 2009) (Filippenko 1997) SN 2007bi Type Ic CO H,He Ia II Ic Ib

type Type Ia MS WD Type II H He O Si Fe Type Ib O He Si Fe Type Ic O Si Fe or binary

超新星typeと爆発機構 核燃焼型 Type Ia 未観測 Pair instability超新星 (II,Ib,Ic?) H MS He O WD 重力崩壊型 Type II H He O Fe Type Ib O Type Ic He O O Fe Si Fe Si Si 巨大質量 or binary 吉田敬 CPSセミナー ６月１日神戸大学CPS

SN 2007bi SN 2007bi (Gal-Yam et al. 2009) 2007 4 6.5 MR,max = -21.3 mag Absolute MR (mag) SN 2007bi SN 1987A c.f. M( 56 Ni) = 0.07 M Julian date - 2,450,000 (SN 1987A) (Gal-Yam et al. 2009) 56 Ni M( 56 Ni) ~ 3-10 M

SN 2007bi Absolute MR (mag) (Gal-Yam et al. 2009) (Moriya et al. 2010) Pair-instability SN (PISN) Core collapse SN (CCSN) Mf ~ 95-105 M Mf ~ 43 M Ni M( 56 Ni) ~ 3-10 M

Pair-Instability or Core Collapse? SN 2007bi Type Ic M( 56 Ni) ~ 3-10 M He Pair-instability (PISN) Mf ~ 95-105 M (CCSN) Mf ~ 43 M

SN 2007bi 100 M < MMS < 500 M, Z0 = 0.2 Z MMS Mf CO core MCO He M(He) SN 2007bi PISN CCSN

MMS > 100 M Saio, Nomoto, and Kato 1988 P Mr = GMr 4πr 4 r Mr = 1 4πr 2 ρ ln T ln P = min( ad, rad) Lr Mr = εnucl - ε ν + εgrav 100 M < MMS < 500 M, Z0 = 0.2 Z, n, H~Br(282 ) Opacity OPAL 1995, etc.

MMS > 100 M OB Vink et al. (2001); Z0.64-0.69 Radiation-driven wind de Jager et al. (1988) Z 0.64 Wolf-Rayet (WR) Nugis and Lamers (2000; NL00) wind

MMS > 100 M Case A Case B Case C WR 1.5 (Crowther et al. 2007) 1/2 (Hirschi 2008) (Vink et al. 2001; Pulse et al. 2008)

MMS > 100 M WNL H H He He+H He (Xs(H) < 0.4) Wolf-Rayet WO O,C WC O,C WNE He O,C (Ns(He) < Ns(C+O)) (Ns(N) < Ns(C), Ns(He) > Ns(C+O)) (Xs(H) < 10-5, Ns(N) > Ns(C))

Mass Fraction 10 0 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 10 0 10-1 10-2 WNL 1H 4He 12C Total mass WNLWC WO WNE 1H 4He 12C 100 16O 90 80 70 60 50 40 140 16O 120 100 Mtotal / M Case A MMS = 100 M tms-c = 3.19 Myr WNL WNE WC WO 10-3 80 10-4 10-5 10 6 Time (Year) 10 4 Total mass 10 2 10 0 10-2 60 40 MMS = 140 M tms-c = 2.86 Myr

Mass Fraction at Center 10 0 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 10 0 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 WNLWC WO 1H 4He 12C WNLWC WO 1H 4He 12C 10 6 Time (Year) 10 4 Total mass Total mass 10 2 16O 16O 10 0 10-2 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 300 250 200 150 100 50 Mtotal / M Case A MMS = 200 M tms-c = 2.61 Myr MMS = 300 M tms-c = 2.51 Myr WNL WNE WC WO

Mass Fraction He MMS = 200 M M = 91.9 M WNL 10 0 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 4He 12C 16O 1H 14N 20Ne Mass Fraction 0 20 40 60 80 100 M MS / M MMS = 200 M M = 67.8 M WO 10 0 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 12C 4He 16O 20Ne 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 M MS / M

Mass Fraction MMS = 200 M MMS = 300 M Mf = 59.0 M WO Mf = 71.6 M WO 10 0 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 12C 16O 4He 20Ne Mass Fraction 10 0 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 16O 12C 20Ne 4He 10-5 0 20 40 60 80 100 M MS / M 10-5 0 20 40 60 80 100 M MS / M

Mass Fraction MMS = 100 M MMS = 140 M Mf = 40.8 M WNE Mf = 53.1 M WO 10 0 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 16O 4He 20Ne 12C 14N Mass Fraction 10 0 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 16O 20Ne 12C 4He 10-5 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 M MS / M 10-5 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 M MS / M

M f / M MMS Mf 160 120 80 40 0 Case A Case C Case A Case B 100 200 300 400 500 M MS / M WN WC (He-rich) WC WO Mf ~ 41-103 M : WO MMS Mf

CO core MMS CO core MCO 150 M CO / M 100 50 0 Case C Case A Case B 100 200 300 400 500 M MS / M WN WC (He-rich) WC WO SN 2007bi

Pair-Instability 56 Ni Pair-Instability (Heger & Woosley 2002) III He Z0=0 M( 56 Ni) / M 10 1 10 0 10-1 10-2 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 M CO / M SN 2007bi 56 Ni (Gal-Yam et al. 2009) PISN MCO ~ 95-105 M Umeda & Nomoto (2002)

56 Ni III (Umeda & Nomoto 2008) 56 Ni M( 56 Ni) / M 10 8 E51 = 30 6 E51 = 20 4 2 E51 = 10 E51 = 1 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 M CO / M E51 = Eexp/(10 51 ergs) SN 2007bi 56 Ni (Gal-Yam et al. 2009) MCO > 35 M ~ MCO > 60 M PISN (Heger & Woosley 2002) CCSN: MCO ~ 35-60 M

CO core M CO / M MMS CO core MCO 150 100 50 0 PISN Case B Case C Case A CCSN 100 200 300 400 500 PISN CCSN PISN CCSN M MS / M MMS ~ 515-575 M (MMS ~ 310-350 M for Case C) MMS ~ 100-280 M (MMS ~ 110-500 M for Case B) (MMS ~ 100-170 M for Case C) M( 56 Ni) = 3-10 M (Gal-Yam et al. 2009) MCO ~ 95-105 M MCO ~ 35-60 M (Umeda & Nomoto 2002, 2008; Heger & Woosley 2002)

He Type Ic He He?

He Type Ic He He? He 56 Ni 56 Co γ He I line (5876A ) (Lucy 1991) He 56 Ni (e.g. Woosley & Eastman 1997) Type Ic He

He M(He) / M 8 6 4 2 0 Z0 = 0.004 Z0 = 0.008 Z0 = 0.02 20 40 60 80 100 120 M MS / M Wellstein & Langer (1999); Yoon et al. (2010) WN WC He Georgy et al. (2009) type : : WN : WC,WO binary Type Ib, Ic M(He) < 0.5 M Type Ic ( > 0.98 M Ib) M(He) < 0.5-1.5 M Type Ic WC,WO M(He) < 0.6 M M(He) < 0.6-1.5 M Type Ic

He M(He) / M He SN 2007bi 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 CCSN 100 200 300 400 500 M MS / M Case C Case A Case B PISN M(He) < 0.5-1.5 M Ic M(He) < 0.5 M SN 2007bi M(He) < 1.5 M CO core SN 2007bi WC, WO Ic

rpi/cc : SN 2007bi PISN, CCSN Salpeter IMF ( MMS -2.35 ) Case PISN (M ) CCSN (M ) rpi/cc A 515-575 110-280 0.024 B - 110-500 0 C 310-350 135-170 0.19 M(He) < 1.5 M XS(He) < 0.5 *M(He) < 0.5 M PISN IMF SN2007bi

100 M < MMS < 500 M, Z0 = 0.2 Z PISN, CCSN Type Ic SN 2007bi MMS Case PISN (M ) CCSN (M ) rpi/cc A B C M(He) < 0.5 M ( - ) 515-575 ( - ) - ( - ) 310-350 M(He) < 1.5 M XS(He) < 0.5 (110-120) 110-280 0.024 (110-115) 110-500 0 ( - ) 135-170 0.19 SN2007bi (CCSN)