2015 24 1 38 48 2015 A SOC AA SOC A, SOC, KG 1992 13 SOC 1999 1973 245 A SOC SOC A A SOC A 1997 2005 15 24 70 2002 30% 1999 20082005 2007 2005 Frankl, Lasch, & Allport 1992
A SOC 39 20052010 A Frankl et al. 1992 1993 A type A behavior pattern A 1 A Friedman & Rosenman, 1974 A A 1993 A Cohen & Reed, 1985 Friedman & Rosenman, 195919911990 A Lester, 1989 Light, Herbst, Bragdon, Hinderliter, Koch, Davis, 1 A A A Type A & Sheps, 19911990 A A 1989 1993 A 19931993 A 1993 A A 1998 1998 A A Friedman & Rosenman, 1974 A A SOC A Sense of
40 24 1 CoherenceSOC SOC SOC Antonovsky 1987 SOC SOC general resistance resourcesgrrs 2008 Antonovsky, 1987 Antonovsky 1987 2008 SOC life orientation SOC SOC SOC SOC Skärsäter, Langius, Agren, Häggström, & Dencker 2005 SOC 2009 SOC 2006 2007 SOC SOC SOC A Antonovsky 1987 A SOC A SOC Söderberg, Lundman, & Norberg 1997 SOC A SOC A SOC A A SOC A SOC Antonovsky 1987
A SOC 41 A SOC 2005 A SOC A A SOC A SOC A A SOC A SOC 19 24 20.0 0.9 136 111 247 245 23 9 A A 1992 KG KG 55 11 AType A aggressionhostilityah hard driving-time urgency HT speed-power SP AH 18 HT 15 SP 15 2 3 2 1 0 A SOC SOC 1999 13 Sense of Coherence SOC13 13 1 7 7 SOC 2006 2AH HT 2 HT SP 2 4
42 24 1 DSM-IV Zung 1965 1973 Self-rating Depression ScaleSDS 20 1 4 4 1983 40 40 50 SDS 1973 HAD 13.010 2006 5% Cronbach α KG Type A, AH, HT, SP.790,.741,.679,.636 SOC13.737, SDS.795 Table 1 Welch Table 1 Descriptive statistics of each variable N 245 Minimum Maximum Mean SD Median Type A 12 76 42.25 11.74 42 AH 3 36 20.36 7.11 20 HT 0 30 12.67 5.38 12 SP 2 26 13.45 5.17 13 SOC13 18 77 50.31 10.10 50 SDS 23 64 40.20 7.91 40 Note. Type A Type A behavior pattern; AH aggressionhostility; HT hard driving-time urgency; SP speedpower; SOC13 The 13 items Sense of Coherence Scale; SDS Self-rating Depression Scale. Table 2 Sex differences in each variable Males n 134 Mean SD Females n 111 t df Type A 43.22 0.98 41.10 1.14 t 228.80 1.41, n.s. a AH 20.59 0.63 20.07 0.66 t 238.64 0.57, n.s. a HT 13.17 0.44 12.06 0.54 t 224.85 1.60, n.s. a SP 13.87 0.44 12.94 0.49 t 233.56 1.40, n.s. a SOC13 50.63 0.96 49.92 0.84 t 242.71 0.56, n.s. a SDS 39.32 0.70 41.24 0.73 t 237.72 1.91, n.s. a Note. Type A Type A behavior pattern; AH aggressionhostility; HT hard driving-time urgency; SP speedpower; SOC13 The 13 items Sense of Coherence Scale; SDS Self-rating Depression Scale. a Difference was calculated by Welch s t-test. Table 2 Table 3 Type A, AH, HT, SP SOC13 Type A, AH, HT, SDS AH SDS SP SOC13 SP SDS A SOC SDS A SOC SDS
A SOC 43 Table 3 Pearson correlation coefficients among all variables N 245 Type A AH HT SP SOC13 Type A AH.80** HT.76**.46** SP.69**.27**.37** SOC13.16*.37**.16*.19** SDS.02.22**.09.26**.64** Note. Type A Type A behavior pattern; AH aggressionhostility; HT hard driving-time urgency; SP speedpower; SOC13 The 13 items Sense of Coherence Scale; SDS Self-rating Depression Scale. *p.05, **p.01 Table 4 Differences between lower and higher groups of each variable Note. Type A Type A behavior pattern; SDS Self-rating Depression Scale; SOC13 The 13 items Sense of Coherence Scale; LG Lower group; HG Higher group. Figure 1 Means of SDS scores in lower and higher groups of Type A and SOC13 scores Mean SD t df Type A LG n 109 31.94 0.71 t 228.11 19.90 **a HG n 136 50.52 0.61 AH LG n 115 13.92 0.37 t 240.50 21.96 **a HG n 130 25.52 0.36 HT LG n 99 7.48 0.27 t 240.07 21.69 **a HG n 146 16.19 0.30 SP LG n 114 8.99 0.26 t 242.97 21.41 **a HG n 131 17.32 0.29 SOC13 LG n 116 41.98 0.56 t 242.90 19.72 **a HG n 129 57.79 0.58 Note. Type A Type A behavior pattern; AH aggressionhostility; HT hard driving-time urgency; SP speedpower; SOC13 The 13 items Sense of Coherence Scale; SDS Self-rating Depression Scale. * p.05, ** p.01 a) Difference was calculated by Welch s t-test. Note. AH aggression-hostility; SDS Self-rating Depression Scale; SOC13 The 13 items Sense of Coherence Scale; LG Lower group; HG Higher group. Figure 2 Means of SDS scores in lower and higher groups of AH and SOC13 scores 20052008 Type A, AH, HT, SP, SOC13 Table 1 2 Table 4 Welch Table 4 01 Type A SOC13 SDS SOC13 F 1, 241 65.76, p.01 Type A Figure 1 AH SOC13 SDS AH F 1, 241 5.68, p.05 SOC13 F 1, 241 49.29, p.01
44 24 1 Figure 4 SP SOC13 F 1, 241 11.89, p.01 Note. HT hard driving-time urgency; SDS Selfrating Depression Scale; SOC13 The 13 items Sense of Coherence Scale; LG Lower group; HG Higher group. Figure 3 Means of SDS scores in lower and higher groups of HT and SOC13 scores Note. SP speed-power; SDS Self-rating Depression Scale; SOC13 The 13 items Sense of Coherence Scale; LG Lower group; HG Higher group. Figure 4 Means of SDS scores in lower and higher groups of SP and SOC13 scores Figure 2 HT SOC13 SDS SOC13 F 1, 241 65.63, p.01 HT Figure 3 SP SOC13 SDS SP F 1, 241 5.41, p.05 SOC13 F 1, 241 64.30, p.01 F 1, 241 6.00, p.05 1992 Type A AH HT SP 43.58, 21.76, 13.22, 13.85 42.25, 20.36, 12.67, 13.45 AH 2013 SOC13 51.30 SOC13 50.31 SDS SDS 1983 40.20 40 2012 200941.89 44.21 40 SDS A SOC A A A
A SOC 45 1990 1995 A SOC SOC SOC 2006 2009 SOC Frankl et al. 1992 SOC A SOC A, SOC SOC A SOC A SOC A SOC A SOC SOC ASOC Margareta & Fridlund, 2003 SOC A SOC Antonovsky 1987 A SOC KG SOC 1993 SOC SOC A 2013 SOC Antonovsky, 1987
46 24 1 2008 A A Friedman & Rosenman, 1974 A SOC A SOC SOC Antonovsky, 1987 SOC 1993 1993 KG A Buss Perry 2002 1999 44, 9 22. Antonovsky, A. (1987). Unraveling the mystery of health: How people manage stress. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Cohen, J. B., & Reed, D. (1985). The type A behavior pattern and coronary heart disease among Japanese men in Hawaii. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 8, 343 352. 2007 Sense of Coherence SOC 19, 133 143. 2013 13 7 Sense of Coherence scale SOC-13 1 15, 25 38. Frankl, V. E., Lasch, I., & Allport, G. W. (1992). Man s search for meaning: An introduction to logotherapy. 4th ed. Boston: Beacon Press. Friedman, M., & Rosenman, R. H. (1974). Type A behavior and your heart. New York: Knopf. Friedman, M., & Rosenman, R. H. (1959). Association of specific overt behavior pattern with blood and cardiovascular findings: Blood cholesterol level, blood clotting time, incidence of arcus senilis, and clinical coronary artery disease. Journal of the American Medical Association, 169, 1286 1296. 1973 75, 673 679. 1983 SDS Self-rating Depression Scale 2006
A SOC 47 28, 263 284. 1993 A A, 4, 24 27. 1991 A, 2, 61 69. 1995 Type A B 5, 187 190. 1990 A 19, 353 360. 1993 A A, 4, 50 53. 2005 53, 162 171. 2013 55, 402 413. 2008 3 79, 325 332. 2002 12 http://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/saikin/hw/hftyosa/ hftyosa00/ 2014 7 4 2008 16, 141 148. Lester, D. (1989). Type A behavior, depression and suicidal ideation. Psychological Reports, 65, 1234. Light, K. C., Herbst, M. C., Bragdon, E. E., Hinderliter, A. L., Koch, G. G., Davis, M. R., & Sheps, D. S. (1991). Depression and type A behavior pattern in patients with coronary artery disease: Relationships to painful versus silent myocardial ischemia and betaendorphin responses during exercise. Psychosomatic Medicine, 53, 669 683. 1989 A 29, 517 524. 1990 A A, 1, 31 36. 1998 A 21, 89 94. Margareta, I. K., & Fridlund, B. (2003). Self-rated health among university students in relation to sense of coherence and other personality traits. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Science, 17, 347 357. 1993 A App. 3 8. 1993 A A, 4, 21 23. 1998 A 49, 251. 2007 9, 173 186. 2008 14, 145 156. 2005 A 1997 2002 Buss Perry 43, 474 481. 1993 A App. 18 22. 1993 A A, 4, 28 31. 2006 1 106, 1 6. 2005 53, 252 262. Skärsäter, I., Langius, A., Agren, H., Häggström, L., &
48 24 1 Dencker, K. (2005). Sense of coherence and social support in relation to recovery in first-episode patients with major depression: A one-year prospective study. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 14, 258 264. Söderberg, S., Lundman, B., & Norberg, A. (1997). Living with fibromyalgia: Sense of coherence, perception of well-being, and stress in daily life. Research in Nursing & Health, 20, 495 503. 2006 5, 13 20. 2012 21, 63 73. 2009 Sense of Coherence 24. 2005 14, 132 134. 2010 33, 49 60. 2009 4 18, 71 73. 1992 A KG A, 3, 33 45. 1999 SOC Quality Nursing, 5, 825 832. 2008 SOC Zung, W. W. K. (1965). A self-rating depression scale. Archives of General Psychiatry, 12, 63 70. 2014.8.4 2015.1.24 The Effects of the Type A Behavior Pattern and Sense of Coherence on Depressive Tendencies in Japanese College Students Takayoshi Kase 1 and Kazuo Oishi 2 1 Graduate School of Community and Human Services, Rikkyo University 2 College of Community and Human Services, Rikkyo University The Japanese Journal of Personality 2015, Vol. 24 No.1, 38 48 This study investigated the effects of the Type A behavior pattern (Type A) and sense of coherence (SOC) on depressive tendencies in Japanese college students. KG s Daily Life Questionnaire (Yamazaki et al., 1992), the 13 item Sense of Coherence scale (Yamazaki, 1999), and the Self-rating Depression Scale (Fukuda & Kobayashi, 1973) were used to assess Type A, SOC, and depressive tendencies, respectively. A two-way factorial analysis of variance of the data from 245 college students found that those who have higher Type A aggression-hostility showed higher depressive tendencies, and those who have higher SOC showed lower depressive tendencies. Additionally, those participants in the higher SOC group who have higher Type A speed-power showed lower depressive tendencies. These results suggest that depressive tendencies are related to aggression-hostility and speed-power of Type A, and SOC. Key words: Type A behavior pattern, sense of coherence, depressive tendency, college student