Human Developmental Research 2003, Vol.17, 1-23 How Youth Evaluates Parents-child Relationships During Their School Age Osaka Gakuin University Kwansei Gakuin University SOGON, Shunya SOGON, AKAO, Yoriko 50 50 50 50 50 50 Parents-child relationships during school age were investigated, based on the memory of University students. Male students were often scolded regarding their school works and/or their living/life styles by their fathers. Female students were often scolded regarding their living/life styles from by both parents, and they were also scolded regarding domestic helping by their mothers. In contrast, male students were not scolded regarding domestic helping by both parents. Both male and female students have fewer experiences of praise and admiration than of scolding. Regarding school work, only female students reported that they had much experience of admiration by their fathers. The father s age effect on child discipline was examined. Students were divided into two groups, 1
17 those having fathers over 50 years old and those having fathers under 50 years old. Students with fathers under 50 years old fathers were often scolded regarding about daily living. In contrast, these same students were praised more for their school work than the students who had fathers over 50 years old. The same tendency was found with the mothers who had husbands under 50 years old. Students who did not experience praise were significantly found in the cohort of over 50 years old fathers. The same tendency was found with the mothers who had husbands over 50 years old. Regarding the father-son communication, it was the lowest when sons were high school students, and father-daughter communication was the lowest when they were junior high school students. Mother-son communication was the lowest when they were high school students, and mother-daughter communication was lowest when they were junior high school students. Over the 30% of boys and girls separated their bedroom from their parents when they were 6 years olds. Key Words Parents-child relationships, Gender difference, Discipline, Socialization, Parental age はじめに 13 55.7 29.4 85.1 97.4 82.9 96.3 44.7 34.0 78.7 77 79 67.9 TV
1 12 3 5 5 31 1956 31 32 36 90 17 23 3,000 41 51 12 23 15 12 11 79 5 61 39 1 26 22 3 3
17 33 33 1958 29.3 15.9 15.6 17.6 5.5 66.3 67.3 91.7 43.1 35 1960 5 6 3 4 10 36 46 10 10.5 42 1967 31 1956 3 4000 4800 15.0 15.5 14.0 2 8.5 33 100 11 3.5 35 1960 1 5.0 30 4.97 35 4.56 3.5 35 2 4 25 1950 107 32 36 19 26 28 1953 35 35
34 1959 20 28 1953 3000 34 10 300 1000 6 33 1958 14 5 36 1961 1000 7.3 10.5 26 36 26 1956 100 47 174 106 127 1963 37 1962 4 16 18 17 524647 34 38 46 31% 29% 22% 2 31.6 37.1 38.6 5
17 29.8 45.0 43 1968 GNP 2 GNP 1 44 30 40 44 483 3 1 37.0 53.9 66.7 72.3 2/3 2 74.6 7 66.7 7.9 11.9 45.9 44.8 1963 4 30.0 34.9 79.2 83.7 20.6 32.8 49.6 62.8 18.6 6.9 25.7 10.4
37.3 43.7 12.9 18.6 30 30 O 162 160 B 14 11 20.9 20.1 1) 2) 3) 4)5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 9 5 13 3 7
17 14 1) 2)3)4) 5) 5 15 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 100 100 16 7 2 17 7 3 18 20 21 22 3 451 14 1 3.04 375 14 1 2.56 U p<.03 Binomial Binomial p<.001 p<.001p<.001 p<.001 p<.001 p<.001
50 p<.001 p<.001 p<.001 p<.001 p<.002 p<.001 p<.02 p<.001 =11.28 df=1 p<.001 =13.04 df=1 p<.001 50 50 50 =4.96 df=1 p<.0350 2 577 6 3.7 11 538 3.6 p<.001p<.001 p<.001p<.001p<.001 p<.001 p<.001 p<.001 p<.02 p<.001 p<.001p<.001 9
17 p<.001 p<.001 =31.15 df=1 p<.001 =17.11 df=1 p<.001 50 50 50 =4.75 df=1 p<.03 3 270 45 1 2.31 14 45 3 257 35 1 2.12 3 p<.001 p<.001 p<.001 p<.001
p<.001 =4.92 df=1 p<.03 =.32 df=1 p<.01 =6.82 df=1 p<.01 50 50 50 50 =6.33 df=1 p<.01 50 50 =4.76 df=1 p<.03 4 392 21 1 2.78 6 21 368 18 1 2.59 p<.001 p<.001 p<.001 p<.001 p<.001 11
17 =5.32 df=1 p<.02 =4.09 df=1 p<.04 50 50 50 =4.74 df=1 p<.0350 =4.06 df=1 p<.0550 =9.40 df=1 p<.002 =19.71 df=1 p<.001 =15.93 df=1 p<.001 5 13 5 13 5 =4.56 df 1 p<.03 =4.80 df=1 p<.03 p<.001 6 p<.001 7 p<.001 8 35 28 26 23 16 13 3 1
1 9 p<.03 5 3 10 p<.001 p<.001 5 11 14 11 16 13 64 70 21 17 2 1 18 21 57 66 25 14 12 62 33 6 72 28 2 55 39 6 1 71 29 2 13 37 53 10 1 43 49 8 42 53 5 1 49 44 7 14 5 31 2 13
17 28 3 18 13 11 41 2 35 3 109 5 5 15 100 16 6 34 8 9 17 4 16 10 11 12 12 13 9 2 6 5 6 31 8 9 19 4 13 10 11 11 12 13 11 2 7 7 17 6 92.5 87.3 57.5 89.9 58.2 67.7 69.4 99.4 81.4
86.3 95.6 87.5 88.8 18 p<.001 U U= 2.02 p<.05 19 p<.01, p<.001 p<.001 U= 2.0 p<.05 20 p<.001 21 66 16 78 2 70 10 78 22 120 132 38 20 2 6 2 138 142 23 14 1 3 1 O O 42 44 2002 15
17 叱られた内容 : 51 81 3 32 2 51 3 2 2 1/10 2000 2 LeVine, 1977 3 1 NHK 48 1973 5 2 67
60 O O 15 11 2 3 4 11 52.4 3 49 1974 1 1 1 38 1963 58.97 58 1983 81.56 50 1975 2.0 1.91 13 17
17 1951 NHK 5 16 70 5 1973 1 15 5 1993 22 6 1998 22 31 41 NHK 41 29 22 6 2 14 50 2 50 51 50 50 45 60 50 50 5477 50 50 69
50 70 50 60 50 50 27 515 200 28 15 ほめられた内容 : Binomial O O 54 1979 15 12 9 1 2 527 760 1.5 17 50 19
17 50 50 27 1952 20 1945 8 16 22 5 22 267 24 2,696,638 49 28 1953 1,862,348 24 83 5 22 27 27 27 28 22 6 3 4 10 6 28 27 28 28 50 35 1960 60 28 50 37 1 50 50 28 しつけのあり方 : 15
14 31 35 19 12 6 4 12 70 21 41 44 46 49 22 7584 86 89 21 12 コミュニケーションのあり方 : 91.4 86.3 5 88.9 88.8 98.8 94.4 94.4 91.3 80.9 85.0 85.8 86.3 21
17 14 13 45 35 78 4 4 407 190 1,377 31.6 6,578 59.2 8 16 34.2 2 3 17.4 4 5 11.8 85.7 4 5 81.7 22.3 20.1 ( ). (1951). 31. ( ). (1958).. ( ). (1960).. ( ). (1964). 1964. ( ). (1947)..,, 22 25., 1975. ( ). (1953)., 28.. ( ). (1958). 33.. ( ). (1960). 35..
( ). (1965). 40.. ( ). (1962). 37.. LeVine, R. A. 1977. Child rearing as cultural adaptation. In P. H. Liderman, S. R. Tulkin & A. Rosenfeld (Eds.),Culture and infancy: Variations in human experience (pp.15-27). New York: Academic Press. ( ). (2001). 13.. ( ). (2002). 14.. NHK ( ). (1979)... NHK ( ). (2001).... (1951).. ( ), pp.297-301.. (1995).. (2000).. (),, (pp.225-238).. ( ). (1992).... ( ). (1999). 11.. ( ). (1970). 46.. ( ). (1979). 54... (1963).. (pp.5-22).. 11 14 11410038 23
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