2009 1 1975 1990 2000 1
GCC GCC GCC GCC 1970 GCC GCC GCC GCC 2 2 GCC GCC 2
1 (1) GCC 1 Dubai Islamic Bank Bank Dubay al-islāmī 1975 GCC 2 1977 Kuwait Finance House Bayt al-tamwīl al-kuwaitī 1979 Bahrain Islamic Bank Bank al-bahrain al-islāmī GCC (Faisal Islamic Bank of Egypt Bank Fay al al-islāmī al-mi rī) 1979 4 Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad 1983 āli Abd Allāh Kāmil 1983 1950 1960 1950 [1998: 6] 1963 Mīt Ghamr 1967 Munawar Iqbal and Philip Molyneux[2005: 37], Mohamed Arif, ed.[1988: 68] 1971 Nasser Social Bank 1972 Munawar Iqbal and Philip Molyneux[2005: 37] 1969 Mohamed Arif, ed.[1988: 69] 1950 1960 3
1970 1980 GCC 1975 1977 1979 GCC GCC 1980 90 1 3 GCC 2 1975 21 99 26 GCC GCC 2004 9 2009 1 Sa īd A mad Lūtāh 1975 1975 3 12 GCC 1970 1973 GCC 4
1970 1975 20 9231 1968 5 8,971 Cottrell[1980: 261] 1969 1975 7 8 3 1975 1985 1983 1970 4 (2) GCC 1973 10 4 1970 5
1970 GCC 3 1969 1 b d 1970 8.5 b d 1973 22 b d 1974 24 b d 1975 25.5 b d 1974 835 b d 141 b d 228 b d 5 GCC 1969 1973 1 : b/d 35 30 25 20 b 15 d 10 5 0 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 Cottrell[1980: 212-213] GCC 6 1970 100 2 1970 6
1973 70 2 * 1970 100 1800 1600 1400 % 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 [1985: 40-41] * 7 1 159 1963 1 77.7 1970 87.4 1971 1.3 1972 1.4 1973 10 1 3.0 10 6 4 3 1974 1 1 11.7 3 4 2 1969 1970 73 1974 7
1975 28 1977/78 47 22 41 10 9 16 23 56 MEED[1975], MEED[1977/78] 1975 1970 1977/78 3,800 1976 53 20 GCC GCC GCC 1977 1982 2000 8
GCC 1977 8 GCC (3) GCC 1970 GCC 1980 7 GCC 20 10 7.5 7.5 10 9
FO371/3241 [1918] GCC 9 2000 10
2 1980 10 3 100 KD 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 1978 2007 3 11
2 (1) 1980 4 18 2 1902 3 1925 1932 3 1925 2 1926 Netherlands Trading Society Netherlands Trading Society Algemene Bank Nederland 12
Saudi Hollandi Bank http://www.shb.com.sa Netherlands Trading Society 1964 Algemene Bank Nederland 1976 Saudi Hollandi Bank Algemene Bank Nederland Netherlands Trading Society 1885 Gellatly, Hankey & Co. 1930 1940 1920 1932 20 Netherlands Trading Society 11 5000 Kostiner[1993: 141-184] 1950 1938 1948 Banque de l Indochina Arab Bank 1950 British Bank of the Middle East National Bank of Pakistan Bank Misr 13
Dukheil[1995: 27] 1952 SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency Mu assat al-naqd al-su d ya SAMA SAMA National Commercial Bank NCB al-bank Ahlī al-tijār 1953 1954 Banque du Caire Banque du Liban et d Outre Mer First National City Bank 1957 Riyad Bank Bank al-riyā 1958 al-bank al-watani 1950 SAMA SAMA R. Wilson[2004: 59] SAMA SAMA SAMA 1957 SAMA 10 SAMA Charter of the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency[1957] SAMA 11 1981 SAMA Ramady[2005: 90-91] 1966 Banking Control Law[1966] fee, commission f ida Mallakh[1982: 301] 1950 14
3 12.0 10.0 8.0 % 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 2006 2004 2002 2000 1998 1996 1994 1992 1990 1988 1986 1984 SAMA Annual Report 2007 2 1973 1970 5 1968 52 1990 1032 1975 1985 1968 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 ) 52 59 78 188 617 1032 19 20 33 67 267 425 12 14 23 65 222 421 21 25 22 56 128 186 SAMA, Annual Report 1389-90A.H. 1411A.H. 15
1975 2 1970 Al-Rajhi Banking and Investment Corporation Shariqat al-r ji al-ma rif ya lil-istism r 500 http://www.alrajhibank.com.my/ 2008 224 GCC 1940 1978 ARCCEC al-rajhi Co. for Currency Exchange and Commerce 1980 ARCCEC SAMA Dukheil[1995: 172-178] 1987 1988 SAMA P. W. Wilson[1991: 74] P. W. Wilson[1991: 101] 12 16
[1993: 76] 1980 1987 [1993: 76] Al Rajhi SAMA 2000 Mu ammad b. Fai al 1979 Faisal Islamic Bank of Egypt Faisal Islamic Bank of Sudan SAMA 1972 17
Ibrah m K mil P. W. Wilson[1991: 179-181] 1981 Dar al-mal Islamic Trust D r al-m l al-islam DMI DMI 1980 li Abd All h K mil al-baraka Group 1940/41 Dallat al-baraka Group Dallat al-baraka 3 5000 2005 1983 MEED, Jan. 23, 1999 al-baraka DMI 2 DMI P. W. Wilson[1991: 181] DMI 2 SAMA P. W. 18
Wilson[1991: 181] 3 DMI 3 1 2 2 3 2008 8 3 19
SAMA SAMA 2 2 SAMA SAMA SAMA 20
1990 NCB 1990 1999 3 Ramady[2005: 175] 1990 Dukheil[1995: 178] Ramady[2005: 148] 21
2000 SAMA 2002 Islamic Financial Service Board IFSB 2004 Bank al-bilād 8 SAMA Saudi Press Agency[2005] 1987 17 1975 Bank al-jazīra 2003 NCB SAMA 1980 [2008] 2007 2000 22
2009 2 4 GCC 1975 1970 1950 SAMA 1952 1980 1987 2000 23
GCC 1 GCC ( ) 1 GCC 1981 6 6 GCC 2 3 1975 99 4837 47 2088 52 2749 Cottrell[1980: 246] 1971 8 8785 Cottrell[1980: 262] 5 6 24
4 hawāla hundī 5 6 1 2 3 7 [2001] 8 2009 1 9 10 11 SAMA SAMA FF 1 2 25
GCC 2008 ( ) b/d 8 215 2,652 970 2,791 15,100 1.78 323 260 829 78,210 0.07 102 3 +15 24 4,800 1.14 105 88 267 106,800 8.36 475 267 884 88,400 31 292 75 222 10,500 1.36 217 ( ) ( ) 26
[1985] [1993]. [2001] No.30 2001 1 2 19 [2008] : [1998] 29 11 Cottrell, Alvin J. ed. [1980] The Persian Gulf States, A General Survey, Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University. Dukheil, Abdulaziz M. al- [1995] The Banking System and Its Performance in Saudi Arabia, Saqi Books, London. FO371/3241 [1918] Foreign Office Records, FO371/3241, Memorandum on the situation at Muscat, 24 th July 1918. Kostiner, Joseph [1993] The Making of Saudi Arabia 1916-1936 From chieftaincy to Monarchical State, Oxford University Press: New York, Oxford. Mallakh, Ragaei El [1982] Saudi Arabia, Rush to Development, Croom Helm, London. MEED [1975] The MEED Financial Directory of the Middle East, MEED, London. MEED [1977/78] Middle East Financial Directory 1977/78, MEED, London. Mohamed Arif ed. [1988] Islamic Banking in Southeast Asia, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore. Munawar Iqbal and Philip Molyneux [2005] Thirty Years of Islamic Banking, History, Performance and Prospects, Palgrave Macmillan, Hampshire and New York. Ramady, Mohamed A. [2005] The Saudi Arabian Economy, Policies, Achievments and Challenges, Springer, USA. Saudi Press Agency [2005] Establishment of Al-Bilad Bank, April 18, 2005, Wilson, Peter W. [1991] A Question of Interest, The Paralysis of Saudi Banking, Westview Press, San Francisco and Oxford. Wilson, Rodney [2004] Economic Development in Saudi Arabia, Routledge Curzon, London 27
Banking Control Law [1966] Royal Decree No.5 dated 22-2-1386H. Charter of the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency [1957] Royal Decree No.23 dated 23-5-1377H. 28