(Research in Experimental Phonetics and Linguistics) 4: 1-21 (2012) 3 (fast normal slow) 3 1 fast normal 2 fast normal 1. 1.1 (2004) (2004) V-onset ( ) V-offset ( ) 1 V-onset 1 (2004) V-onset V-offset V-onset V-offset 1
1.2 (2000) (2000) 80%, 125%, 156.25% 40F0 ( ) 90% 111.11% (2008) 1.3 (1994) (1999) (1994) 300ms 4 300ms 7 ( A) 7 4 7 ( B) 3 4 ( C) 3 2 1 (AB BC CA) 10 C-B-A (1999) (2009) 2 1 2 3 1.4 (2008) (2008) 4 1 ( 9 ) 5 2 3 4 10 15 3 5 5 200ms 2
6 7 1.5 1 2 (2007) 1 6 7 5 3
2 (2008) 2006 5 3 3 (2008) 20 23 27 8 23 28 27 2 28 27 2 4
3 NHK ( (2008) ) (1996) 11 1.6 1.5 2. 2 A B 2.1 A 5
A 2 1 2.1.1 fast normal slow 3 normal (EV= even ) (AC= accelerating ) (DE= decelerating ) 3 EV AC DE 3 3 9 9 10 3 3 10 3 8 4 6 a p a1 a2 a3 p1 a1 a2 p2 a2 a3 4 fast 6 slow AC ( ) EV ( ) a1 a3 DE a1 a3 fast (sec) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 fast_ev1 fast_ev2 fast_ev3 fast_ac1 fast_ac2 fast_ac3 a1 p1 a2 p2 a3 fast_de1 fast_de2 fast_de3 4 fast (a1~a3 p1~p2 ) 8 27 6
normal 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 (sec) normal_ev1 normal_ev2 normal_ev3 normal_ac1 normal_ac2 normal_ac3 a1 p1 a2 p2 a3 normal_de1 normal_de2 normal_de3 5 normal (a1~a3 p1~p2 ) slow 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 (sec) slow_ev1 slow_ev2 slow_ev3 slow_ac1 slow_ac2 slow_ac3 a1 p1 a2 p2 a3 slow_de1 slow_de2 slow_de3 6 slow (a1~a3 p1~p2 ) 7 9 7
fast 30 25 20 (st100) 15 10 5 0 fast_ev1 fast_ev2 fast_ev3 fast_ac1 fast_ac2 fast_ac3 fast_de1 fast_de2 fast_de3 7 fast ( ) normal 25 20 (st100) 15 10 5 0 normal_ev1 normal_ev2 normal_ev3 normal_ac1 normal_ac2 normal_ac3 normal_de1 normal_de2 normal_de3 8 normal ( ) 8
slow 25 20 (st100) 15 10 5 0 slow_ev1 slow_ev2 slow_ev3 slow_ac1 slow_ac2 slow_ac3 slow_de1 slow_de2 slow_de3 9 slow ( ) 2.1.2 27 9 351 10 Praat ver.5 ExperimentMFC 500ms 1 8 2.1.3 19 29 ( 21.4 3.5) 10 ( 5 ) 2.1.4 Praat ver.5 Microsoft Excel 11 R (ver.2.13.0) 2.1.5 9 2 10 351 a b c ( 90 ) d (81 ) 11 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0001 1.0 0.9999 9
A 10 fast normal slow EV ( ) AC ( ) DE ( ) 実験 A の結果 -3-2 -1 0 1 2 3 Score fast 一定 fast 加速 fast 減速 normal 一定 normal 加速 normal 減速 slow 一定 slow 加速 slow 減速 10 A 10 () 12 ({F (2,18)= 1695.2225, p<.001}) ({F (2,18)= 0.3059, p=0.740) ({F (4,18)= 10.8089, p<.001}) 13 1 2 fast normal slow EV AC DE 1 ( ) F p 14 fast 2 6 6.622 0.030 * normal 2 6 16.201 0.004 ** slow 2 6 0.0753 0.928 n.s 12 p<.05 p<.10 13 p<.05 p<.10 14 p<.05 * p<.01 ** p<.001 *** 10
2 ( ) F p 15 EV 2 6 895.97 p>.001 *** AC 2 6 894.79 p>.001 *** DE 2 6 315.24 p>.001 *** Tukey 16 fast AC > EV (p =.076) DE > EV (p =.032) normal EV > AC (p =.005) EV > DE (p <.001) EV ( ) normal > fast slow > fast normal > fast (p p <.001) AC ( ) normal > fast slow > fast normal > fast (p p <.001) DE ( ) normal > fast slow > fast normal > fast (p p <.001) fast slow normal fast normal normal fast slow 3 3 A / fast () 17 normal slow 2.1.6 fast normal slow normal 15 14 16 p<.05 p<.10 17 11
fast normal slow fast normal slow fast normal normal fast fast normal 2.2 B B 2 18 2.2.1 A A 6 2.2.2 3 27 6 33 3 99 Praat ver.5 ExperimentMFC 1 8 18 12
2.2.3 10 2.2.4 Praat ver.5 Microsoft Excel (ver.2.13.0) 2.2.5 11 13 0% 50% 100% fast_ev fast_ac 速いどちらでもない fast_de 11 fast 0% 50% 100% normal_ev normal_ac 速いどちらでもない遅い normal_de 12 normal 0% 50% 100% slow_ev slow_ac 速いどちらでもない遅い slow_de 13 slow 13
fast (EV) (AC) 100 (DE) normal slow 100 19 fast 1% (χ 2 =13.686, df = 2, p = 0.001) normal 1% (χ 2 = 27.663, df = 4, p < 0.001) slow (χ 2 = 8.8874, df = 4, p = 0.064) 4 6 p 20 19 p<.05 20 p<.05 p<.05 * p<.01 ** p<.001 *** 14
4 (fast) AC 9 0 0 AC 9 0 0 DE 6 3 0 DE 9 0 0 EV 8 1 0 EV 9 0 0 p=.034 n.s. - 21 - AC 8 1 0 AC 9 0 0 DE 8 1 0 DE 9 0 0 EV 9 0 0 EV 9 0 0 p=.583 n.s. -- AC 9 0 0 AC 8 1 0 DE 9 0 0 DE 8 1 0 EV 9 0 0 EV 9 0 0 -- p=.583 n.s. AC 9 0 0 AC 9 0 0 DE 9 0 0 DE 9 0 0 EV 9 0 0 EV 9 0 0 -- -- 10 AC 8 1 0 AC 9 0 0 DE 2 7 0 DE 9 0 0 EV 9 0 0 EV 9 0 0 p<.001 *** -- 21 15
5 (normal) AC 0 6 3 AC 1 7 1 DE 0 9 0 DE 4 5 0 EV 0 9 0 EV 1 8 0 p=.034. * p=.223 n.s. AC 1 7 1 AC 1 6 2 DE 2 6 1 DE 1 2 6 EV 1 7 1 EV 1 8 0 p=.963 n.s. p=.032. * AC 0 8 1 AC 0 8 1 DE 1 6 2 DE 0 7 2 EV 0 9 0 EV 0 8 1 p=.330 n.s. p=.746 n.s. AC 0 9 0 AC 3 5 1 DE 3 4 2 DE 2 7 0 EV 0 9 0 EV 0 9 0 p=.015. * p=.204 n.s. 10 AC 0 8 1 AC 0 9 0 DE 0 5 4 DE 5 4 0 EV 0 8 1 EV 0 8 1 p=.145 n.s. p=.007. ** 16
6 (slow) AC 1 0 8 AC 0 2 7 DE 0 1 8 DE 0 2 7 EV 0 0 9 EV 0 1 8 p=.395 n.s. p=.782 n.s. AC 0 1 8 AC 0 0 9 DE 0 3 6 DE 0 1 8 EV 0 0 9 EV 0 0 9 p=.128 n.s. p=.354 n.s. AC 0 1 8 AC 0 0 9 DE 0 1 8 DE 0 0 9 EV 0 0 9 EV 0 0 9 p=.583 n.s. -- AC 0 0 9 AC 0 0 9 DE 0 0 9 DE 0 2 7 EV 0 0 9 EV 0 1 8 -- p=.324 n.s. 10 AC 0 0 9 AC 0 0 9 DE 0 0 9 DE 0 0 9 EV 0 0 9 EV 0 0 9 -- -- 4 6 fast ( 4) AC DE EV 5 DE 2 1 normal ( 5) 17
1,4,7,10 4,7,10 DE slow ( 6) 2.2.6 fast normal 3 (AC DE EV) fast 1 ( 5) 5 fast 5 9 (χ 2 = 3.361, df = 2, p = 0.186) fast 5 normal normal slow slow 3 7 7 B fast 22 normal slow normal slow fast 1 normal fast slow normal 22 5 18
fast slow normal 3. A B 2 A B 2 A fast normal fast normal B normal slow A slow B 2 A slow B slow A fast normal B normal A B 2.1.6 A A 19
4. 2 (2009) (2008) 2006 5 3 : 191-209 (1994) 205 : 63-65 (2008) 12-1 : 54-62 (2004) <4> 207-229. (1996) NLC96-38,SP96-69: 1-8. (2007) (2008) : 70-85 (2009) 2 : 48-56 (1999) 28-9 : 30-34 (2000) 56-6: 396-405 20
Perception of Gradually Changing Speech Rate Ayumi MARUSHIMA The purpose of this paper is to observe how speech with gradual changes in rate is perceived. I created 27 stimuli in Japanese to solve this question. They consisted of three kinds of speech rates (fast, normal, and slow) and three kinds of ways of reading (even, acceleration, and deceleration). Utilizing these stimuli, I conducted two experiments on 10 Japanese native speakers. In the first experiment, the styles of reading were found to affect judgments of speech rate on the stimuli. In the other, the judgments were found not to be fixed, when the subjects listened to the stimuli with changes in rate. Doctoral Program in Literature and Linguistics University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan E-mail: ayumi_marushima@yahoo.co.jp 21