Graduate School of Policy and Management, Doshisha University 17 政 治 討 論 番 組 における 会 話 分 析 概 要 BS 3 1 2 3 1.はじめに 1990, 2007 1990 2001 NHK 1990
18 BS BS 20 21 55 BS 10 10 55 Equivocation Theory Feldman et al. 2015 2 2.1 2.2 2 3 3 3.1 4 5 2.マスメディアの 影 響 力 Lazarsfeld et.al., 1944 Two-Step Flow of Communication Model The Third-Person Effect Davison, 1983 The Theory of Spiral of Silence Noelle- Neumann, 1980=2013 McCombs and Shaw 1972
19 2. 1 日 本 における 政 治 に 関 するマスメ ディアの 影 響 力 2002 2008 2009 2012, 1998;, 2003;, 2005;, 2006;, 2014, 2002;, 2006; Furo, 2001 1 2003 1990 1998 1993 7 1996 10 23 TBS 2 1996 1993 2002 2000 10 NHK 76.3% 27.1% 2 2009 2007 31 3 2012 3 1 2007 3 2 2007 1 Furo (2001) 1995 1996 2 2 8.5% 15.3% 76.3% 10 4.2% 40.3% 55.6% 10.2% 27.1% 16.9% 45.8% 10 1.4% 0% 98.6% 3 Baum (2003) Baum (2003) (Baum and Jamison, 2006)
20 3 2002 NHK 2001 NHK NHK NHK 2006 2005 5 16 NHK 2. 2 事 例 からみるテレビ 政 治 の 影 響 力 2 1 1998 59 44, 2006;, 2007;, 2014 1 2014 7 11 NHK 1998 7 5 7 3
21 4 1998 7 6 1998 7 6 1998 7 8 2014 7 11 NHK 7 3 2014 7 11 7 11 5 NHK NHK 3 分 析 視 角 3 1 2 Bull et al., 1996; Bull and Elliott, 1998; Bull, 2008 Goffman 1971=2002 Brown and Levinson 1987=2011 3 Turn-taking Closed Ended Questions Open Ended Questions 5W When, Where, Who, What, Why Yes or No Jucker, 1986; Yokota, 1994; Tanaka, 2004 3 3 Bavelas et al. 1988, 1990; Bull,
22 1998; Feldman, 2004; Feldman et al., 2015 Bavelas et al. (1988 4 4 3. 1 データと 分 析 手 順 2013 3 9! BS 3 9 96 3 9 2011 2011 5 28 6 1 2 3 YES NO 6 XBRAND 2011 7 12 http://xbrand.yahoo.co.jp/category/entertainment/7027/5.html 2015 1 20
23 4 事 例 分 析 4. 1 議 題 設 定 機 能 1 32 / TPP Trans-Pacific Partnership: 8 7 17 17 議 題 が 転 換 した 例 図 1 質 問 の 争 点 の 流 れ 2013 3 9
24 TPP 18 安 全 保 障 の 例 4. 2 フェイスへの 脅 威 2011 Bull et al. 1996 3 7 7 Bull et al. (1996) 19 1. 2. 3. 4.
25 19 フェイスへの 脅 威 がない 質 問 6 フェイスへの 脅 威 がある 質 問 1 1 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
26 4. 3 クローズドエンドクエスチョン オープンエンドクエスチョンの 例 77 78 95 1 8800 12800 3 14 1
27 TPP 16 クローズドエンドクエスチョンの 例 TPP 28 9 1 9 1 クローズドエンドクエスチョンであるが 答 えやすい 例 TPP 9 1 9 1 99 9 1 32 14 10 32 19 12 8 7
28 1% 1 5 おわりに 2013 3 9! 3 1 2 3 3 3 1 2, 2009 3 TPP
29 参 考 文 献 および 参 考 資 料 2008 2008 11, 54-66. 1998 7 6 Baum, M. (2003). Soft News Goes to War: Public Opinion and American Foreign Policy in the New Media Age, Princeton University Press, pp.97-155, 269-291. Baum, M. and Jamison, A. (2006). The Oprah Effect: How Soft News Helps Inattentive Citizens Vote Consistently, The Journal of Politics, Vol.68, No.4, pp.946-959. Bavelas, J. B., Black, A., Bryson, L. and Mullet, J. (1988). Political Equivocation: A Situational Explanation, Language and Social Psychology, Vol.7, No.2, pp.137-145. Bavelas, J. B., Black A., Chovil, N. and Mullet, J. (1990). Equivocal Communication, Sage Publications, pp.234-259. Brown, P. and Levinson, S. (1987). Politeness: Some Universals in Language, Cambridge University Press =, 2011. Bull, P. (1998). Equivocation Theory and News Interviews, Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp.36-51. Bull, P. (2008). Slipperiness, Evasion, and Ambiguity: Equivocation and Facework in Noncommittal Political Discourse, Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Vol.27, No.4, pp.333-344. Bull, P., Elliott, J., Palmer, D. and Walker, L. (1996) Why Politicians Are Three-Faced: The Face Model of Political Interviews, British Journal of Social Psychology, Vol35, pp267-284. Bull, P., Elliott, J., Palmer, D. and Walker, L. (1998). Level of Threat: A Means of Assessing Interviewer Toughness and Neutrality Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp.220-244. Feldman, O. (2004).Talking Politics in Japan Today, Sussex Academic Press, pp.76-110. Feldman, O., Kinoshita, K. and Bull, P. (2015). Culture or Communicative Conflict? The Analysis of Equivocation in Broadcast Japanese Political Interviews, Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp.65-89., 2014 7 11 Furo, H. (2001). Turn-Taking in English and Japanese: Projectability in Grammar, Intonation, and Semantics, Routledge, pp.135-156. 2009 25, 1, 42-52. 2014 7 11. http://www.jiji.com/jc/zc?k=201407/2014071100374 2014 12 21 Jucker, A. (1986) News Interviews: A Pragmalinguistic Analysis, John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp.99-139. Lazarsfeld, P. F., Berelson, B. and Gaudet, H. (1944). The People's Choice: How the Voter Makes up his Mind in a Presidential Campaign, Columbia University Press, p.151. Davison, P. (1983). The Third-Person Effect in Communication, Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol.47, No.1, pp. 1-15. Goffman, E. (1971). Interaction Ritual: Essays on Face-to-face Behavior, Penguin Books = 2002 2006 TV. 2007. 1998 40 41 13, 78-88. 2006 NTT. 1998 7 6. McCombs, M. and Shaw D. (1972) The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media, Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol.34, No.2, pp.176-187. Noelle-Neumann, E. (1986). The Spiral of Silence: Public Opinion - Our Social Skin, University of Chicago Press,.,, 2011, 245-261. 2001
30 32, 83-103. 2014. 2006), 279-281. Tanaka, L. (2004). Gender, Language, and Culture: A Study of Japanese Interview Discourse, John Benjamins, pp.64-76. 2003 50 63, 22-39. 2005, 86-119. 2002, 269-286. 2012 ) 6, 119-1146. 2006 37, 3, 271-291. Yokota, M. (1994). The Role of Questioning in Japanese Political Discourse, Issues in Applied Linguistics, Vol.5, No.2, pp.353-383. 1998 7 8 XBRAND 2011 7 12 http://xbrand.yahoo.co.jp/category/entertainment/7027/5.html 2015 1 20