白井学習法(1).ppt

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1 a Grammar Translation Method ~1960 Audiolingual Method - structural linguistics - behaviorism stimulus-response reinforcement habit formation (e.g., Skinner, 1957) 2 - L1 L2 [contrastive analysis] L2 L2 - (error) L2 - : 1) 2) L23) (goed, ) 1950 Noam Chomsky [transformational-]generative grammar - Chomsky 1959 Skinner (1957) - innatist position LAD - (LAD) UG 3 4 1

2 1970 communicative approach, communicative language teaching [CLT] - Wilkins (1976) (notional/functional syllabus) - (Canale & Swain, 1980; Hymes, 1970 (Widdowson, SLA Krashen & Terrell (1983) Natural Approach 1960 error analysis Richards, 1974 Corder, P. (1967). The significance of learners errors - (Chomsky) L1 (Brown) L2 teaching learning SLA 5 6 Corder (1967) 1. L L1 (Corder, 1967, p. 167): - avoidance Schachter, J An error in error analysis - - e.g., No play baseball 7 8 2

3 1970 interlanguage Selinker, 1969, L1 L2 L1 L (unique system) (natural language) cf. Corder, (dynamic) - (variable) (fossilization) (Selinker, 1972): 9 10 acquisition order p. 4 developmental sequence e.g., L2 Schumann, 1979 : No play baseball => John [no/don t ] play baseball => John can t play baseball => John doesn t play baseball Pienemann et al., 1988 : Your cat is black? => Where your cat is? => Is your cat black? Where is your cat? => What is your cat doing?

4 2003 : * * * * => * * * => ( Shirai & Kurono, 1998; 2005 : => ZISA L2 (Meisel et al., 1981) 1. SVO I drank a glass of milk. [W X Y Z] 2. *There children play [W X Y Z] 3. All children must the break have. [W X Y Z] 4. Then has she the bone brought. [W X Y Z] Pienemann (1984): 1~3 4 S => (Processability Theory) (Pienemann, 1999): 1. How are you? 2. played ( ) 3. many dogs (V-te V) ( ) 4. John comes O-wa SV 5. Mary came here, didn t she? I wonder where Mary is going

5 Kei play tennis well, When the train leave?, ( ): ( ):... ( ): ( ): SLA (variability): (Tarone) (Beebe) Does instruction make a difference? (Long, 1983) Ellis (1990); Long (1983, 1988): - developmental features variational features He (is) my friend Meisel et al., Meisel et al.,

6 Canale, Michael & Swain, Merrill. (1980). Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing. Applied Linguistics 1(1), Chomsky, N. (1959). Review of Verbal behavior by B. F. Skinner. Language, 35, Corder, P. (1971). Idiosyncratic dialects and error analysis. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 9, Ellis, R. (1990). Instructed second language acquisition. Oxford: Blackwell. Hymes, D. (1970). On communicative competence. In J. J. Grumperz & D. Hymes (Eds.), Directions in sociolinguistics. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. (2003). 6, Kawaguchi, S. (2005). Processability Theory and Japanese as a second langauge. 8, Long, M. H. (1983). Does second language instruction make a difference? A review of research. TESOL Quarterly, 12, Long, M. H. (1990). Instructed interlanguage development. In L. M. Beebe (Eds.), Issues in second language acquisition: Multiple perspectives (pp ). New York: Newbury House. Pienemann, M. (1984). Psychological constraints on the teachability of languages. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 6(2), Pienemann, M., Johnston, M., & Brindley, G. (1988). Constructing an acquisition-based procedure for second language assessment. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 10, Pienemann, M. (1999). Language processing and second language development: Processability Theory. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Richards, J. C. (Ed.). (1974). Error analysis: Perspectives on second language acquisition. Essex: Longman. Schachter, J. (1974). An error in error analysis. Language Learning, 24, Selinker, L. (1969). Language transfer. General Linguistics, 9, Selinker, L. (1972). Interlanguage. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 10, Shirai, Y., & Kurono, A. (1998). The acquisition of tenseaspect marking in Japanese as a second language. Language Learning, 48/2, Skinner, B. F. (1957). Verbal behavior. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. (2005) , pp Widdowson, H. G. (1978). Teaching language as communication. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Wilkins, D. A. (1976). Notional syllabuses. Oxford: Oxford University Press

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