Γ Ec Γ V BIAS THBV3_0401JA THBV3_0402JAa

THBV3_0402JAb 1000 800 600 400 50 % 25 % 200 100 80 60 40 20 10 8 6 4 10 % 2.5 % 0.5 % 0.25 % 2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 1000 1200 14001600 2000 5 % 1 % 0.1 % THBV3_0403JB

40 40 70 120 60 200 525 550 550 150 µ

100M 200S 200M 400K 400U 400S 401K 500K(S-20) 500U 500S 501K(S-25) 502K 700K(S-1) UV 95 95 95 40 150 150 150 200 230 20 µ

THBV3_0404JA

THBV3_0405JA Sk = I K L P (A/W)

h c η (%) = Sk = λ e h: 6.63 10-34 J s c: 3.00 10 8 m s -1 e: 1.60 10-19 C 1240 Sk 100 (%) λ

THBV3_0406JA THBV3_0407JA

THBV3_0408JA

THBV3_0409JA

THBV3_0410JA

THBV3_0411JA

THBV3_0412JA δ = a E k δ 1 = I d1 I K δ n = I dn I d(n-1) Ip = Ik α δ 1 δ 2 δ n Ip = α δ 1 δ 2 δ n Ik

µ = α δ 1 δ 2 δ n V µ = (a E k ) n = a n ( ) kn = A V kn n+1 THBV3_0413JA

THBV3_0414JA

THBV3_0415JA THBV3_0416JA

THBV3_0417JA THBV3_0418JA

FWHM FWTM THBV3_0419JA

THBV3_0420JA THBV3_0421JA

THBV3_0422JA C.R.T. = (τ 1 2 +τ 2 2 ) 1/2

C 1 µa 1 µa 0.1 µa 0.01 µa 10 µa 1 µa 0.1 µa 0.1 µa 0.1 µa

THBV3_0423JA

THBV3_0424JA (Ip 0 (Ip 1 +Ip 2 +Ip 3 +Ip 4 ) 1) 100 (%) Ip 0 = Ip 1 +Ip 2 +Ip 3 +Ip 4

R=100 kω THBV3_0425JA Ip 02 Ip 01 = 4 Ip 2 Ip 1 Ip 02 Ip 01 (Ip 2 Ip 1)-(Ip 02 Ip 01) (Ip 02 Ip 01) 100(%) (Ip 2 Ip 1 ) = (Ip 02 Ip 01 )

THBV3_0426JA THBV3_0427JA

THBV3_0428JAa THBV3_0428JAb

THBV3_0429JA

THBV3_0430JA THBV3_0431JA THBV3_0432JA

THBV3_0433JA

THBV3_0434JA

PMTR6249 1000 V 1 µa THBV3_0435JA

1 µa THBV3_0436JA H L = ((I MAX -I MIN ) Ii) 100 (%)

0.1 µa THBV3_0437JA H = ((I MAX I MIN) Ii) 100 (%)

THBV3_0438JA

i S = AT 5/4 e (-eψ/kt)

THBV3_0439JA

THBV3_0440JA

EADCI (lm) = (A) (A/lm)

THBV3_0441JA ENI = (2e Id µ B) 1/2 S (W) e: Id: µ: B: S:

THBV3_0442JA SN= I p i p+d SN I p i p F= (S/N) 2 in (S/N) 2 out

F= 1+1 δ 1 +1 δ 1 δ 2 + +1 δ 1 δ 2 δ n F δ (δ-1) i p = µ(2 e I k α B F) 1/2 i p = µ{2 e I k α B(1+1 δ 1 +1 δ 1 δ 2 + +1 δ 1 δ 2 δ n )} 1/2 I p = I k α µ SN = I p i p I = ( K α 1 ) 1/2 2eB 1+1 δ 1 +1 δ 1 δ 2 + +1 δ 1 δ 2 δ n I SN K 1 ( ) 1/2 2eB δ (δ-1) SN= (I k 2eB) 1/2 1.75 10 3 I k (µa) B (MHz)

SN= I k (2eB δ (δ-1) (I k +2I d )+N 2 A) 1/2 I SN= k (2eB δ (δ-1) (I k+2i d)) 1/2 η I k : λ: c: P: δ: I d : e: h: η: B: N A :

SN= I k = (2 e (I k +2 I d )F B) 1/2 I k µ (2e(I ph +2I d )FB µ 2 ) 1/2 = I p 2e(I p +2I da )µfb = S p P i 2e(S p Pi+2I da )µfb S p Pi= 2e(S p Pi+2I da )µfb (S p Pi) 2 2e(S p Pi+2I da )µfb= 0 S p Pi= ( 2eSpµFB) ± ( 2eSpµFB)2 4Sp 2 ( 4eIdaµFB) 2Sp 2 eµfb Pi= + Sp (eµfb) 2 + 4eIdaµFB Sp 10-9 10-10 10-11 10-12 10-13 10-14 10-15 10 6 10 4 A/W A/W ENI 10-16 10-17 10-2 10-1 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 8 THBV3_0444JA

THBV3_0445JA I I Iθ = I S cos 2 θ+i P sin 2 θ = (I P +I S )(1 P I S cos 2 θ) 2 I P +I S I S : I P : I I O = P+I S, P = 2 I P I S I P+I S θ = I O (1 P cos 2 θ)

THBV3_0446JA THBV3_0447JA

THBV3_0448JA