2003 12 17 (NUMO) 1
- - 2
- - 3
(1/7) 10 4 2020 40000 4
(2/7) 5
(3/7) 6
(4/7) IAEA 1995 The Principles of Radioactive Waste Management, Safety Series No. 111-F, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria. 1996 International Basic Safety Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources, Safety Series No. 115, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria. 1997 Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management, INFCIRC/546, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria. 2003 Reference Biospheres for Solid Radioactive Waste Disposal, Report of BIOMASS Theme 1 of the BIOsphere Modelling and ASSessment (BIOMASS) Programme, Part of the IAEA Co-ordinated Research Project on Biosphere Modelling and Assessment, International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA-BIOMASS-6, Vienna, Austria. NEA 1977 Objectives, Concepts and Strategies for the Management of Radioactive Waste Arising from Nuclear Power Programmes, Report by an NEA group of Experts, OECD/Nuclear Energy Agency, Paris, France. 1982 Disposal of Radioactive Waste, An Overview of Principles Involved, OECD/Nuclear Energy Agency, Paris, France. 1984 Long-term Radiation Protection Objectives for Radioactive Waste Disposal, OECD/Nuclear Energy Agency, Paris, France. 1991 Can Long-term Safety be Evaluated? A Collective Opinion of the Radioactive Waste Management Committee, OECD/Nuclear Energy Agency, and the International Radioactive Waste Committee, IAEA endorsed by the Experts for the Community Plan of Action in the Field of Radioactive Waste Management, CEC, OECD/Nuclear Energy Agency, Paris, France. 1994 The Environmental and Ethical Aspects of Long-lived Radioactive Waste Disposal, Proc. of an International Workshop, Paris, September 1994, OECD/Nuclear Energy Agency, Paris, France. 1995 The Environmental and Ethical Basis of Geological Disposal, A Collective Opinion of the Radioactive Waste Management Committee of the OECD/Nuclear Energy Agency, Paris, France. 1997 Lessons Learnt from Ten Performance Assessment Studies, OECD/Nuclear Energy Agency, Paris, France. 1999a Progress towards Geologic Disposal of Radioactive Waste: Where do We Stand? An International Assessment, OECD/Nuclear Energy Agency, Paris, France. 1999b Confidence in the Long-term Safety of Deep Geological Repositories, Its Development and Communication, OECD/Nuclear Energy Agency, Paris, France. 2001 Reversibility and Retrievability in Geologic Disposal of Radioactive Waste, Reflections at International Level, OECD/Nuclear Energy Agency, Paris, France. 2002 Establishing and Communicating Confidence in the Safety of Deep Geologic Disposal Approaches and Arguments, OECD/Nuclear Energy Agency, Paris, France. 7
(5/7) ICRP 1977 Protection Principles for the Disposal of Solid Radioactive Waste, International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication no. 26, Pergamon Press, Oxford and New York. 1985 Radiation Protection Principles for the Disposal of Solid Radioactive Waste, International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication no. 46, Pergamon Press, Oxford and New York. 1991 1990 Recommendations of the ICRP, International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication no. 60, Pergamon Press, Oxford and New York. 1993 Protection from Potential Exposure: A Conceptual Framework, International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication no. 64, Pergamon Press, Oxford and New York. 1997 Radiological Protection Policy for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste, International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication no. 77, Pergamon Press, Oxford and New York. 2000 Radiation Protection Recommendations as Applied to the Disposal of Long lived Solid Radioactive Waste, International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication no. 81, Pergamon Press, Oxford and New York. OTHERS Clarke, L. and Sloos, L.(1992) IEACR / 49,IEA Coal Res., London Curtis, D.B., Benjamin, T.M., Gancarz, A.J., Loss, R., Rosman, J.K.R., De Laeter, J.R., Delmore, J.E. and Maeck, W.J. (1989): Fission Product Retention in the Oklo Natural Fission Reactors, Jour. Applied Geochemistry, 4, pp.49-62. IEA(1998) World Energy Outlook KASAM(1988) Ethical Aspects on Nuclear Waste, SKN Report 29, April 1988, SKN, Stockholm, Sweden. Miller, W., Alexander, R., Chapman, N., McKinley, I. and Smellie, J.(1994) Natural Analogue Studies in the Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste, Nagra Technical Report NTB 93-03. Nakicenovic, N., Gruebler, A. and McDonald, A. (Ed.) (1998) Global Energy Perspectives, IIASA and Wec NRC(2003) One Step at a Time, The Staged Development of Geologic Repositories for High-level Radioactive Waste, Committee on Principles and Operational Strategies for Staged Repository Systems, Board on Earth and Life Studies, National Research Council of the National Academies, the National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. Rhode, R. and Beller, D(2000) The Need for Nuclear Power, Foreign Affairs,(Jan./Feb.) Umeki, H.(2000) Key Aspects of the H12 Safety Case, MRS 2000, 24 th International Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management, August 27-31, 2000, Sydney, Australia. 8
(6/7) NUMO 9
(7/7) 10
11
(1/5) 300m 40000 1000 km 2 4 15 km 2 12
(2/5) 13
(3/5) 14
(4/5) 15
(5/5) 16
(1/4) etc. 17
(2/4) 18
(3/4) NUMO 19
(4/4) 20
(1/4) 21
(2/4) FEP FEP - - 22
(3/4) 23
(4/4) ITAC DTAC 24
(1/3) 300m 40000 25
(2/3) - - 26
(3/3) CADPASS 27
IAEA IEAE No.111-F (1995 ) 28