パーソナリティ研究 2006 第15巻　第1号　33–47

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1 ) TV 4 ABO (1991) 4) ) ) 3) 4) a 2002 (1971) (1992) 6

2 TV BPO TV TV TV 1 Wynne, TV 1999 (1993) TV TV TV TV TV HDD DVD RDR-HX70

3 35 62 Appendix (1994b) No A (48%) (22%)B (55%) (25%) O (44%) (25%) AB (45%) (20%) 2 4 D Adamo & Whitney (1996) O A B A B A B AB A B No. 1 D Adamo & Whitney (2001) 1 ABO 9 (q) 3 4 (9q34) -b- (DBH) (Craig, Buckle, Lamouroux, Mallet, & Craig, 1988) D Adamo & Whitney (2001) A O No. 4 No. 6 O O A A No. 14 (1994) O No. 9

4 No. 7 O A O 3 (2004) ABO 3 1 ABO A B O AB A B A B O AB A B No A O B AB B 4 4 No. 2 A B O AB A A No

5 Cloninger 3 No Cloninger, Svrakic, & Przbeck (1993) (Novelty seeking) (Pain avoidance) (Reward dependence) (Persistence) (Stalling, Hewitt, Cloninger, Heath, & Eaves, 1996) Cloninger Temperament & Character Inventory (TCI) No. 11 A 49 B 31 O 35 AB 14 No A B O AB 3 6 G anan 40 G TOKYO No A O A 40 G 2005 No No No No

6 B B 10 No a O O 11 No No % No. 12 5) No. 2 (1993) (2002) (1994) No. 4 B No. 19 AB O AB (2001)

7 39 TV BPO A B O (Yamamoto, Clausen, White, Marken, & Hakomori, 1990; Saitou & Yamamoto, 1997) D Adamo & Whitney (1996) O NATROM (2005) Web DBH ABO DBH (2000) 1 AB 2 No. 1 2 AO BO D Adamo & Whitney (1996) A O O D Adamo & Whitney (2001) O O A Ridley ( ) No. 6 B O A O No. 7 A O

8 HNK (2003) ABO ABO Zmijewski (1978) ABO 100% (90%) (8%) ABO No. 10 A B 4 A A A A (1986) A O A B AB No. 10 B O 1 No.9 1 O 36% O O 5 3 No. 11

9 41 No O Cloninger O (No. 9) No (1998) B A No ABO RH ABO 30 A

10 TV TV Figure 1 Figure (2001) 4

11 43 Weber & Crocker (1983) (subtyping) (No. 20) No. 11, (2005) G (2005) A D Adamo & Whitney (1994b) TV AB No. 1 No. 8 No. 2 O No. 13 A No. 4 B No. 6 AB No. 2 3 No. 2 O No. 3 AB No. 3 AB No. 2 O

12 No. 3 No. 2 AB AB No. 4 B B O No. 6 No. 21 AB AB A No. 6 1 O O 2 A 60% A A O 7 No. 9 B NATROM TV

13 45 TV Cloninger, C. R., Svrakic, D. M., & Przbeck, T. R. (1993). A psycho-biological model temperament and character. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, Craig, S. P., Buckle, V. J., Lamouroux, A., Mallet, J., & Craig, I. W. (1988). Localization of the human dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH) gene to chromosome 9q34. Cytogenet Cell Genet, 48(1), D Adamo, P. J., & Whitney, C. (1996). Eat right 4 your type. New York: G. P. Putnam s Sons. D Adamo, P. J., & Whitney, C. (2001). Live right 4 your type. New York: G. P. Putam s Sons , , G 2005 G TOKYO pp pp , a 324 pp b 324 pp pp NATROM Ridley, M. (1999). Genome: The autobiography of species in 23 chapters. London: Fourth Estate. M Saitou, N., & Yamamoto, F. (1997). Evolution of primate ABO blood group genes and their homologous genes. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 14(4), , , , Stalling, M. C., Hewitt, J. K., Cloninger, C. R., Heath, A. C., & Eaves, L. J. (1996). Genetic and environ-mental structure of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire: Three or four temperament dimensions? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70,

14 , pp Weber, R., & Crocker, J. (1983). Cognitive processes in the revision of stereotypic beliefs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, Wynne, B. (1995). Public Understanding of Science. In S. Jasanoff et al. (Eds.), Handbook of science and technology studies. Thousand Oaks: Sage. pp Yamamoto, F., Clausen, H., White, T., Marken, J., & Hakomori, S. (1990). Molecular genetic basis of the histoblood group ABO system. Nature, 345, Zmijewski, C. M. (1978). Immunohematology. 3rd ed. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts Blood-typing as a Pseudo-personality Theory and Diversity of Its Explanatory Styles Akihiro UEMURA 1 and Tatsuya SATO 2 1 Osaka Jikei College 2 Ritsumeikan University THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2006, Vol. 15 No. 1, The hypothesis that blood type is related to personality, which we may call blood-typing, is a pseudo-personality theory that has been popular among Japanese lay people for some time. It all started with a paper by Takeji Furukawa in the 1920 s. Today, there are many exponents of different versions of this hypothesis, which resulted in a diversity of explanatory styles. In this study we classified explanatory styles of the hypothesis, disseminated through television programs during the latest boom of blood-typing. We found four types: traditional, biological, framework, and traits-addition. Traditional varieties were put forth by successors of Furukawa s ideas. Biological-mediation versions tried to explain the relation between blood type and personality using such new academic knowledge as theory of evolution and brain science. Exponents of framework utilization merely used blood-typing in the context of fortune telling, whereas the last group simply added traits of their choice found in their own specialties, to the original hypothesis. We concluded that none of the varieties discussed here has been successful in providing sufficient logical basis for their claims. Key words: blood-typing, diversity, pseudo-personality theory, theory of evolution, brain science

15 47 Appendix TV No. 1 04/2/21 TBS 2 4/04 II 3 6/ /05 TBS ABOAB & 5 6/10 TBS 6 6/ /07 TBS 8 8/20 9 9/ / /07 TBS / SP 13 11/07 SPORTS 14 11/ / /28 TBS ABOAB & 3 SP 17 05/1/ /16 TBS 2005 A 19 1/26 10 SP 20 2/ /14 3 No. 11

Juntendo Medical Journal

Juntendo Medical Journal * Department of Health Science Health Sociology Section, Juntendo University School of Health and Sports Science, Chiba, Japan (WHO: Ottawa Charter for Health promotion, 1986.) (WHO: Bangkok Charter

パーソナリティ研究 2006 第15巻 第1号 33–47

パーソナリティ研究 2006 第15巻　第1号　33–47