Mugiya Brothers C 320 C C C O. masou NPAFC O. gor
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1 Journal of Fisheries Technology, 7(2), 89-95, 2015 水産技術,7(2), 89-95, 2015 技術 サケの耳石温度標識パターンを増やすための標識時間の短縮 宮内康行 *1 江田幸玄 *2 平間美信 *3 岡本康孝 *1 *4 大貫努 Shortening of marking time to increase otolith thermal marking pattern of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) released from hatcheries Yasuyuki MIYAUCHI, Yukiharu GOHDA, Yoshinobu HIRAMA, Yasutaka OKAMOTO and Tsutomu OHNUKI Thermal otolith marking is an effective tool to identify the origin of anadromous salmon released from hatcheries. The otolith is thermally marked by abrupt changes in water temperature (3 4 ) during incubation. The marking time required for creating one ring is at least 24 h (cooling for 12 h and warming for 12 h). The number of available marking patterns is limited because the window of marking is less than two weeks for the eyed-egg stage. In order to increase otolith marking patterns, we conducted laboratory experiments to shorten the marking time. Our experiments confirmed that a clear marking ring was created within 12 h (cooling for 3 h and warming for 8 h at least) in the otolith of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) during the eyed-egg stage. By using this method, various marking patterns were created in the otolith of fish, even at hatcheries where the marking period was restricted because of relatively high water temperatures during incubation. キーワード,,, ,, ( 1960) ( 2005) ( 2001), 水 (, ) ( 2001) 1999 Oncorhynchus keta ( 1999),, (Tomida et al. 2013, Urawa et al. 2004) ( 2010) 水 ( 水 ) 4 C 水産 水産 Tesio Field Station, Salmon Resources Division, Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research Institute, West 3 South 4-1-1, Bifuka, Hokkaido , Japan ymiyauch@affrc.go.jp 水産 水産 水産 水産 水産 89
2 Mugiya Brothers C 320 C C C O. masou NPAFC O. gorbuscha O. nerka 4 65 Tomida et al Urawa 2009 Urawa 材料と方法供試卵と冷却装置 C 48 TR J150DCS L 8.3 C C 4 C 1 1, HOBO Pendant ONSET 5 最短の冷却時間 4 C C 12 C H C12H 4 4 通常水温での最短管理時間 ECLIPSE Ci S IK HR2D SENSIV MEASURE 標識後の仔魚の生残率 90
3 C 2 5cm 40cm 28cm 5cm 8 C 耳石標識の評価方法 C 43% 2 2 2C12H C 0% B 25% 3 S A 95% 3 通常水温での最短管理時間 3 3C 結 果 最短の冷却時間 C C C12H 表 1. S A B C 図 C12H 2 2C12H 3 3C12H 4 4C12H 6 6C12H 12 12C12H 表 2. 6 % 1C12H 2C12H 3C12H 4C12H 6C12H 12C12H S A B C
4 図 2 通常水管理時間を 12 時間とし冷却時間を 1 時間 1C12H 2 時間 2C12H 3 時間 3C12H 4 時間 4C12H 6 時間 6C12H 12 時間 12C12H 対照 としたサケ稚魚の耳石標識 4 本リング の画像比較 矢印は 1 本目と 4 本目のリングを示し バーは 10μm を示す 時間の 9 区を設定し 前試験と同様に では S もしくは A と評価された割合の合計が 96 4 本リングの耳石標識を試みた 各試験区の通常水温は 100% となった C であり 冷却により C 低下した 図 4 本リング間の平均距離 ±標準偏差 は 8 時間で 各区の浮上稚魚から摘出した耳石を観察した結果 図 ±0.31μm 9 時間で 4.60±0.29μm 10 時間で 5.24± 通常水温での管理時間が 4 時間以内では リングの μm お よ び 11 時 間 で 5.37±0.40μm で あ っ た 図 5 存在を確認することが難しく ほとんどが B もしくは なお 前試験で標識した従来から使用している 12 時間 C と評価された 表 時間では A と評価され サイクル 12C12H の 4 本リング間の距離は 7.66±0.33 た割合が 22 59% と増えたが B もしくは C と評価さ μm であった れた割合の合計も 41 78% と多かった 7 時間では S もしくは A と評価された割合の合計は 71% となったが 標識群と非標識群の生残率 B と評価された割合も 29% となった 一方 8 時間以上 14 区の標識群における発眼卵から浮上までの平均生残 92 耳石標識試験を行った計
5 表 % 3C3H 3C4H 3C5H 3C6H 3C7H 3C8H 3C9H 3C10H 3C11H S A B C 表 4. % % 1C12H C12H /9/8 3C12H C12H C12H /9/ /9/ C3H C4H C5H /12/7 3C6H C7H C8H C9H /12/12 3C10H C11H 考 察 図 C3H 4 3C4H 5 3C5H 6 3C6H 7 3C7H 8 3C8H 9 3C9H 10 3C10H 11 3C11H % % U test p 0.05 O. tshawytscha 1 2 Volk et al S A 95% B 5%
6 図 4 冷却時間を 3 時間に固定し通常水管理時間を 3 時間 3C3H 4 時間 3C4H 5 時間 3C5H 6 時間 3C6H 7 時間 3C7H 8 時間 3C8H 9 時間 3C9H 10 時間 3C10H 11 時間 3C11H とした耳石標識群 4 本リング の画像比較 矢印は 1 本目と 4 本目のリングを示し バーは 10μm を示す 94
7 謝 辞 図 C8H 9 3C9H 10 3C10H 11 3C11H C 9 9H 12 3C9H C12H m 3 9 3C9H m 40% C 文 献 Brothers, E. B 1990 Otolith marking. American Fisheries Society Symposium ALC Mugiya K 1987 Effects of Photoperiods on the Formation of Otolith Increments in the Embryonic and Larval Rainbow Trout Salmo gairdneri. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi pp. NPAFC 2014 working Group on Salmon Marking taglab. org, (1) SALMON SALMON Urawa, S., J. Seki, M. Kawana, T. Saito, P. A. Crane, L. Seeb, K. Gorbatenko, and M. Fukuwaka 2004 Juvenile chum salmon in the Okhotsk Sea: their origins estimated by genetic and otolith marks. N. Pac. Anadr. Fish Comm. Tech. Rep., 5, Urawa, S., S. Sato, P.A. Crane, B. Agler, R. Josephson, and T. Azumaya Stock specific ocean distribution and migration of chum salmon in the Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean. N. Pac. Anadr. Fish Comm. Bull., 5, Volk, E. C., S. L. Schroder, and J. J. Grimm 1999 Otolith thermal marking. Fish. Res., 43, Y.Tomida, T. Ohnuki N.Watanabe Y.Miyauchi, Y.Okada, M. Iida,and S. Urawa Releases of Otolith Marked Salmon from Japan between Fall of 2012 and spring of NPAFC Doc pp. 95
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