PIV 1 2 CCD ( 1 ) 撮影装置 シート状照明 流れ 1 PIV Fig. 1 PIV measurement principle トレーサ粒子 2 PIV PIV PIV ( a ) 2 - ( b ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) 2 - ( c ) ( a ) 機
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1 PIV Internal Flow Measurements of Turbomachinery using PIV R&D R&D PIV In the design process of turbomachinery, it is important to understand and predict the internal flow since it directly influences product performance. There are many design tools that can be used to visualize the internal flow and one of the best in recent years is numerical simulation. However, simulation is still not a practically applicable tool for predicting the occurrence of unstable flow, which is of primary concern in turbo compressors. To overcome this difficulty, developing measurement techniques will play an important role in addition to the development of large scale simulations. In this article, a flow velocity measurement technique called PIV developed relatively recently is discussed and measurement results of rotating stall phenomenon in centrifugal compressor vaneless diffusers are introduced. 1. 緒言 CFD ( Computational Fluid Dynamics ) CFD CFD PIV ( Particle Imaging Velocimetry ) CFD PIV IHI Vol.53 No.2 ( 2013 ) 59
2 PIV 1 2 CCD ( 1 ) 撮影装置 シート状照明 流れ 1 PIV Fig. 1 PIV measurement principle トレーサ粒子 2 PIV PIV PIV ( a ) 2 - ( b ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) 2 - ( c ) ( a ) 機材の設置状況 ( b ) 計測領域拡大図 ( c ) 計測結果 レーザ照射部観測窓 CCD カメラ計測領域 2 Fig. 2 Example of measurement in rotating blade passage 60 IHI Vol.53 No.2 ( 2013 )
3 3 章 3. 遠心圧縮機の羽根なしディフューザにおける旋回失速 第 3 図 第 4 図 第 4 図 - ( a ) 第 4 図 - ( b ) ( 4 ) 第 5 図 第 3 図 第 5 図 ボリュート コレクタ ディフューザ インペラ 吸込み 第 3 図 Fig. 3 Major components of centrifugal compressors ( a ) 羽根付きディフューザ ( b ) 羽根なしディフューザ a :1.05 R 2 b :1.25 R 2 c :1.44 R 2 d :1.64 R 2 インペラ ( 注 ) R 2 : インペラ外周半径 第 4 図 Fig. 4 Diffuser types 第 5 図 Fig. 5 Cross section of the test compressor IHI Vol.53 No.2 ( 2013 ) 61
4 第 6 図 第 6 図 1 第 7 図 第 5 図 60 第 11 図 第 8 図 第 11 図 第 5 図 P/P ambient (-) a: b: c: d: ( 注 ) T imp : インペラ回転周期 t : 時刻 P ambient : 大気圧 P : 壁面静圧 第 6 図 Fig. 6 Diffuser wall pressure during rotating stall P/P ambient (-) a: e: 第 8 図 2 Fig. 8 Wall pressure signals measured at two different locations 第 5 図 第 11 図 第 9 図 2 DT ( s ) DT 第 5 図 第 11 図 /60 1 T N 1 N T T ( N = T / T ) 15 2 旋回失速 インペラ翼通過 第一ピーク P/P BPF (-) f/f BPF (-) ( 注 ) f BPF : インペラ翼通過周波数 f : 周波数 P BPF : 翼通過による圧力変動の振幅 P : 圧力変動振幅 相互相関関数 (-) DT ( 注 ) t : 時刻 DT : 時刻差 第 7 図 Fig. 7 Frequency distribution of wall pressure 第 9 図 2 Fig. 9 Cross correlation function composed from two pressure signals 62 IHI Vol.53 No.2 ( 2013 )
5 4. 計測方法 PIV 第 10 図 CCD PIV 第 11 図 観測窓 レーザ光導入窓 CCD カメラ 第 10 図 PIV Fig. 10 The layout of measurement equipment DEHS ( Di-ethylhexyl sebacate ) 3 章 第 11 図 ( 5 ) 2 章 PIV CCD 第 12 図 1 観測窓 レーザ光導入窓 60 a~d 圧力トランスデューサ 壁面圧力測定位置 e レーザ光ガイドアームシリンドリカルレンズ シート状レーザ光 アンプ CCD カメラ パルスジェネレータ カメラコントローラ レーザ本体 コントローラ 第 11 図 Fig. 11 Measurement procedure IHI Vol.53 No.2 ( 2013 ) 63
6 V /U(-) 第 12 図 Fig. 12 Example of measurement result 3 章 第 13 図 5. 計測結果 50 PIV 第 14 図 圧力 p 時刻 t 第 13 図 Fig. 13 Result when the time of measurement is shifted relative to the pressure signal ( 注 ) V : 速度絶対値 U : インペラ外周回転速度 第 14 図 Fig. 14 Measurement results ( Velocity vectors ) 第 14 図 第 11 図 PIV 第 15 図 第 6 図 64 IHI Vol.53 No.2 ( 2013 )
7 1.5 ( a ) 速度 Vr /U (-) 0.3 速度 (-) 0.0 逆流 ( b ) 圧力 圧力 (-) 第 15 図 Fig. 15 Time variation of pressure and velocity at a fixed point 第 16 図 第 17 図 VJ /U (-) ( 注 ) VJ : 周方向速度 U : インペラ外周回転速度 第 16 図 Fig. 16 Circumferential velocity distribution ( 注 ) Vr : 半径方向速度 U : インペラ外周回転速度 第 17 図 Fig. 17 Radial velocity distribution 3 章 6. 結言 PIV ( 6 ) ( 7 ) IHI Vol.53 No.2 ( 2013 ) 65
8 参考文献 (1) PIV ( 2 ) M. P. Wernet : PIV for Turbomachinery Applications NASA TM ( ) ( 3 ) H. Hayami, M. Hojo and S. Aramaki : Flow Measurement in a Transonic Centrifugal Impeller Using a PIV Proceedings of 4th International Symposium on Particle Image Velocimetry 1103 ( 2001 ) p ( 4 ) R. H. Aungier : Centrifugal Compressors ASME PRESS No. 165 ( 2000 ) p. 315 ( 5 ) S. Ohuchida : PIV for Turbomachinery Applications Proceedings of 14th International Symposium on Transport Phenomena and Dynamics of Rotating Machinery ( 2012 ) p (6) PIV pp ( 7 ) A. Dazin, G. Cavazzini, G. Pavesi, P. Dupont, S. Coudert, G. Ardizzon, G. Caignaert and G. Bois : Highspeed stereoscopic PIV study of rotating instabilities in a radial vaneless diffuser Experiments in Fluids Vol. 51 No. 1 ( ) pp IHI Vol.53 No.2 ( 2013 )
2. 実 験 方 法 第 1 表 N 55 400 min 1 Ns 0.15 Ns = N / 60 Q 1/2 /Had 3/4 Q ( m 3 /s ) Had ( J/kg ) 第 1 図 VLD 5 mm 2 R 2 R 2 VLD 1.38 R 2 1.60 R 2 10 mm 1.14
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