日本作物学会紀事第79巻第1号

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1 Jpn. J. Crop Sci イネの穂の乾物増加と穂への炭水化物の転流に関わる呼吸効率の品種間差異要旨 ΔS/ΔE 2000 ΔS/ΔE ΔS/ΔE 11 ΔS/ΔE ΔS/ΔE キーワード Wilson Volenec 1984 Earl and Tollenaar Tanaka and Yamaguchi Yamaguchi 1978 Saitoh a, b Yamaguchi 1978 Giaquinta 1983, van Bel 1992, 1993 Ho and Thornley 1978 Hendrix and Grange 1991 Bouma Noguchi 2001 ATP a, b 1954 Takami a, b ΔS/ΔE ΔS/ΔE ΔS/ΔE TEL FAX yhirai@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp No

2 材料と方法 1. 栽培方法と試験区の設定 N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O=14:14:14 1 / 5000 a 5g g # m 8m 4m g 1 / 5000 a g #2000 SG # #2000 SG Penman 乾物重の測定

3 穂の純光合成速度の測定 SPB-H3 1 3 CO μl L ml min -1 CO 器官別暗呼吸速度の測定 b cm 150 cm CO μl L L min -1 4 CENTAUR25 CO 2 2 URA 106 CO 2 3 CO a cm 35 cm 3.7cm 50 cm 2 3m 2 L min -1 CO LV 5. 暗呼吸速度の算出 Q 10 =2 Saitoh Azcon-Bieto and Osmond 1983 Peltier and Thibault 1985 Brooks and Farquhar 1985 McCashin 1988 Parnik and Keerberg 1995 Atkin 転流速度の算出 b 6 19 ΔWp Rpn Pn

4 ΔW ΔE ΔS ΔS/ΔE (Δ ) ΔE ΔS) ΔS/ΔE (g plant -1 ) (g plant -1 ) (g plant -1 ) T 0 1 T 0 = ΔWp Rpn Pn / 1 CH 2 O/CO T 1 2 T 1 = ΔWp Rpn Pn / Ws Wl / 2 Ws 6 25 Wl Rpd 5 10 T 2 3 T 2 = ΔWp Rpd Rpn / Ws Wl / 3 結果 1. 各品種の器官別乾物増加量 ΔE ΔS/ΔE ΔS/ΔE ΔS/ΔE ΔS/ΔE ΔS/ΔE 2. 穂の純光合成速度と器官別の暗呼吸速度の推移 mg g -1 h mg g -1 h

5 57 6 ** 1 * mg g -1 h mg g -1 h mg g -1 h mg g -1 h mg g -1 h mg g -1 h mg g -1 h mg g -1 h 器官別の暗呼吸速度と関連する要因 ΔS/ΔE * 考察

6 ΔS/ΔE 1 ΔS/ΔE Q 10 2 Saitoh Q Ho and Thornley 1978 Hendrix and Grange 1991 Bouma 1995 Noguchi Bouma 1995 Noguchi Okawa Sasaki 2005 Mae 2006 Mae ΔS/ΔE 1 ΔS/ΔE ΔS/ΔE 1 Coulson Sasaki

7 McCree 1970 Hesketh 1971 Hesketh Penning de Vries Penning de Vries 1975 Amthor Penning de Vries 1974 Penning de Vries g 11 Takami 1990, b 7 引用文献 Amthor, J.S Evolution and applicability of a whole plant respiration model. J. Theor. Biol. 122 : Atkin, O.K., M.H.M. Westbeek, M.L. Cambridge, H. Lambers and T.L. Pons Leaf respiration in light and darkness. Plant Physiol. 113 : Azcon-Bieto, J. and C.B. Osmond Relationship between photosynthesis and respiration. Plant Physiol. 71 : Bouma, T.J., R. De Visser, P.H. Van Leeuwen, M.J.De Kock and H. Lambers The respiratory energy requirements involved in nocturnal carbohydrate export from starch-storing mature source leaves and their contribution to leaf dark respiration. J. Exp. Bot. 46 : Brooks, A. and G.D. Farquhar Effect of temperature on the CO 2 / O 2 specificity of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase / oxygenase and the rate of respiration in the light. Estimates from gas-exchange measurements on spinach. Planta 165 : Coulson, C.L., A.L. Christy, D.A. Cataldo and C.A. Swanson Carbohydrate translocation in sugar beet petioles in relation to petiolar respiration and adenosine 5'-triphosphat. Plant Physiol. 49 : Earl, H.J. and M. Tollenaar Differences among commercial maize Zea mays L. hybrids in respiration rates of mature leaves. Field Crops Res. 59 : Giaquinta, R.T Phloem loading of sucrose. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 34 : Hendrix, D.L. and R.I. Grange Carbon partitioning and export from mature cotton leaves. Plant Physiol. 95 : Hesketh, J.D., D.N. Baker and W.G. Duncan Simulation of growth and yield in cotton : respiration and the carbon balance. Crop Sci. 11 : : a.. 72 : b : : Ho, L.C. and J.H.M. Thornley Energy requirements for assimilate

8 translocation from mature tomato leaves. Ann. Bot. 42 : : Mae, T., A. Inaba, Y. Kaneta, S. Masaki, M. Sasaki, M. Aizawa, S. Okawa, S. Hasegawa and A. Makino A large-grain rice cultivar, Akita 63, exhibits high yields with high physiological N-use efficiency. Field Crops Res. 97 : McCashin, B.G., E.A. Cossins and D.T. Canvin Dark respiration during photosynthesis in wheat leaf slices. Plant Physiol. 87 : McCree, K.J An equation for the rate of respiration of clover plants grown under controlled conditions. In Setlik, I. ed., Prediction and Measurement of Photosynthetic Productivity. Pudoc, Wageningen NSC : Noguchi, K., C.S. Go, S. Miyazawa, I. Terashima, S. Ueda and T. Yoshinari Cost of protein turnover and carbohydrate export in leaves of sun and shade species. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 28 : Okawa, S., A. Makino and T. Mae Shift of the major sink from the culm to the panicle at the early stage of grain filling in rice Oryza sativa L. cv. Sasanishiki. Soil Sci. Plant Nut. 48 : Okawa, S., A. Makino and T. Mae Effect of irradiance on the partitioning of assimilated carbon during the early phase of grain filling in rice. Ann. Bot. 92 : Parnik, T. and O. Keerberg Decarboxylation of primary and end products of photosynthesis at different oxygen concentrations. J. Exp. Bot. 46 : Peltier, G. and P. Thibault O 2 uptake in the light in Chlamydomonas. Evidence for persistent mitochondrial respiration. Plant Physiol. 79 : Penman, H.L Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass. Proc. Roy. Soc. London, A 193 : Penman, H.L Estimating evaporation. Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 37 : Penning de Vries, F.W.T Substrate utilization and respiration in relation to growth and maintenance in higher plants. Neth. J. Agric. Sci. 22 : Penning de Vries, F.W.T The cost of maintenance processes in plant cell. Ann. Bot. 39 : Penning de Vries, F.W.T., H.H. van Laar and M.C.M. Chardon Bioenergetics of growth of seeds, fruits, and storage organs. In Potential Productivity of Field Crops under Different Environments. IRRI, Los Banos : : : Saitoh, K., M. Sugimoto and H. Shimoda Effects of dark respiration on dry matter production of field grown rice stand. Comparison of growth efficiencies in 1991 and Plant Prod. Sci. 1 : a : b : Saitoh, K., T. Doi and T. Kuroda Effects of nitrogen application on dark respiration in different parts of rice seedlings. Plant Prod. Sci. 3 : C. 50 : Sasaki, H., T. Hara, S. Ito, S. Miura, M. M. Hoque, M. Lieffering, H. Y. Kim, M. Okada and K. Kobayashi Seasonal changes in canopy photosynthesis and respiration, and partitioning of photosynthate, in rice Oryza sativa L. grown under free-air CO 2 enrichment. Plant Cell Physiol. 46 : : Takami, S., T. Kobata and C.H.M. van Bavel Quantitative method for analysis of grain yield in rice. Agron. J. 82 : Tanaka, A. and J. Yamaguchi The growth efficiency in relation to the growth of rice plant. Soil Sci. Plant Nut. 14 : : : : Yamaguchi, J Respiration and the growth efficiency in relation to crop productivity. J. Fac. Agric. Hokkaido Univ. 59 : : van Bel, A.J.E Pathways and mechanisms of phloem loading. In Pollock, C.J., J.F. Farrar and A.J. Gordon eds., Carbon Partitioning Within and Between Organisms. Bios Scientific Publishers Limited, Oxford van Bel, A.J.E Stragies of phloem loading. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 44 : Volenec, J.J., C.J. Nelson and D.A. Sleper Influence of temperature on leaf dark respiration of diverse tall fescue genotypes. Crop Sci. 24 : Wilson, D Variation in leaf respiration in relation to growth and photosynthesis of Lolium. Ann. Applied Biol. 80 : Wilson, D Response to selection for dark respiration rate of mature leaves in Lolium perenne and its effects on growth of young plants and simulated swards. Ann. Bot. 49 :

9 61 Varietal Difference in the Cost of Dark Respiration for Panicle Growth and Carbohydrate Mobilization : Yoshihiko HIRAI 1), Kentaro NUMA 2), Kiyohiro NAKAI 1) and Makoto TSUDA 1) ( 1) Agri. Grad. Sch. of Nat. Sci. and Tech., Okayama Univ., Okayama , Japan; 2) Okayama Univ.) Abstract : The reduction of carbohydrate consumption by the dark respiration at the ripening stage may increase the yield of rice. To clarify the influence of the varietal difference in the ratio of the dry-matter decrease in stem and leaf sheath to the drymatter increase in panicle (ΔS/ΔE), which is used as an index of the remobilization of carbohydrate, on the dark respiration in shoot, and to clarify the varietal difference in the cost of panicle growth, we examined the dark respiration in the shoot and panicle using four and two rice varieties with different ΔS/ΔE in 2000 and 2003, respectively. The ΔS/ΔE in Nanjing 11 at ripening periods was higher than that of Tainung 67 in both years. The relationship between the dark respiration in the shoot and mobilization of carbohydrate was regressed to a line in both years. On the other hand, the rate of dark respiration in panicle increased with panicle growth in all varieties, but the cost of the dark respiration for panicle growth was lower in Tainung 67 than in Nanjing 11. These results showed that the varietal difference in the remobilization of reserved carbohydrate did not affect the cost of dark respiration for remobilization in shoot, and that the varietal difference in the cost of panicle growth was large. Key word : Carbohydrate mobilization, Dark respiration, Reserved carbohydrate, Rice, Ripening period, Varietal difference.

Effects of Light and Soil Moisture Condition on the Growth of Seedlings for Quercus serrata and Quercus variabilis NISHIMURA, Naoyuki*, OTA, Takeshi**

Effects of Light and Soil Moisture Condition on the Growth of Seedlings for Quercus serrata and Quercus variabilis NISHIMURA, Naoyuki*, OTA, Takeshi**, SAKAMOTO, Keiji*** and CHIBA, Kyozo*** Key words:

日本作物学会紀事 第79巻 第1号

日本作物学会紀事第79巻第1号