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あきひろのしろ
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13 Y/ p b b m t d d n c z z k g g / [ p b - m t d- n ts dz - kg - ] ( p b b~/~p m t d ~d n ts dz ~dz/~ts k g ƒå/~k )40) Y/ p t c k b d z g b d z g m n /o

15 43) F. de Saussure, Cours de linguistique generale, 1915, 1964, Paris. 44) R. S. Wells, De Saussure's System of Linguistics, Word 3, 1947, pp. 1-31, esp. p. 8f McDavid, Jr., The Pronunciation of English in the Atlantic States, 1961, Ann Arbor, p. 3 46) B. Bloch, A Set of Postulates for Phonemic Analysis, Language, Vol. 24, 1948, p. 7. R. A. Hall Jr., Idiolect and Linguistic Super-ego, Studia Linguistica No. 5, 1951, pp ) C. F. Hockett, A Course in Modern Linguistics, 1958, New York, p. 332ff.

18 Consonant System of the Tohoku-Dialect Humio INOUE O. FOREWORDS The 'Tohoku-dialect', which is spoken in the Northern part of Japan, has vocalized the intervocalic 'k', 't', and has preserved the archaic prenasalized voiced stops. So the correspondence between Standard Japanese and the Tohoku-dialect is as follows: Standard Japanese/ t d c z k g / Initial [ t- d- ts- dz- k- g-] Tohoku-dialect{ Intervocalic ( -d- -~d- -dz- -~dz- -g- -ƒå- There have been two methods in the phonemic analysis of this consonant system. One is called the P-system (Pre-Tohoku) and the other the Y-system (Yahagi or Yachi). (H-system [refers to the system of Hyozyungo or Standard Japanese). 1. THE IDIOLECT OF MR. Y. The auther tries to determine the distribution of each consonant appearing in the idiolect of Mr. Y. by classifying its forms into phonetic, morphemic and lexical [environments. Many words are examined and the whole result is shown in the table at the end of section ANALYSIS BY THE P-SYSTEM The auther introduces the analysis by the P-system practiced by Mr. Shibata, and tries to apply the same method to the Y-idiolect. He finds it quite useful, though it leaves some residual forms. 3. ANALYSIS BY Y-SYSTEM But there are some other forms which are not cited in section 1, and which should not,be explained by the 'coexisting phonemic system' (section 5). They are the forms which appear in the 'stem' consonants in the conjugation of verbs. An example of the evidence cited is the form corresponding to the Standard Jap. /CVNCVW/, and which is pronounced

19 98 (kigane) 'I don't hear', although the anticipated form by the correspondence is (kikane). By examining older and younger native informants, the author finds that (kigane) hasbeen newly coined though an adjective (kikane) 'naughty' is preserved as such. This leads to the assumption that (kigane) is coined by analogy with other verb forms. This is inexplicable by the P-system, and explicable by the Y-system. After citing more evidence, the auther finds that the forms which seem to be exceptions to the P-system only confirm the relative adequacy of the Y-system. 4. OTHER METHODS OF ANALYSIS Other methods are abandoned because of their various inadequacies. 5. COEXISTENT PHONEMIC SYSTYMS The synchronic method in linguistics presupposes 'a single system' in a language and finds 'the neatness of a system'. But the diachronic method tells us that the language of a speech-community cannot be regarded as forming 'a single system'. By combining the results of the synchronic and diachronic methods, the author assumes a model of language consisting of some 'neat' systems which coexist as strata, an idiolect being a projection of these systems. 6. CONCLUSION While admitting the assumption of coexisting systems to be necessary and effective, the author denies the possibility of the coexistence of Y-system and H-system, because Y-system includes H-system as far as the (obstru ent and nasal) consonants are concerned. Y-system is the sole system for the analysis of consonant phonemes of the Tohoku-dialect.

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16_.....E...._.I.v2006 55 1 18 Bull. Nara Univ. Educ., Vol. 55, No.1 (Cult. & Soc.), 2006 165 2002 * 18 Collaboration Between a School Athletic Club and a Community Sports Club A Case Study of SOLESTRELLA NARA 2002 Rie TAKAMURA