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2 . Cell mitosis intercellular connection -1 Human embryo 29-1' L1210 L1210 lymphocytic leukemic cell (mouse, ascites, form) Wright mitotic cell: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase -2 Spermatogenesis in human testis seminiferous tubule: mitotic cell ( primary spermatocyte meiotic mitosis, meiosis) -3 Epidermis of a finger Epidermis: intercellular bridge Stratum spinosum -3' Abdominal skin of a monkey. Epon-embedded intercellular bridge. Toluidine blue(tb) -4 Colon of a monkey. Epon-embedded. TB. terminal bar. c. f Cardiac muscle of a monkey. Epon-embedded. TB. intercalated disk. 53

3 . Epithelial tissue EPITHELIUM (EPITHELIA) -A. Covering and lining epithelia -A-1 Lip stratified squamous keratinizing epithelia stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelia -A-2 Palatine tonsils with covering mucous membrane stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelia -A-3 Kidney with ureter (monkey) simple squamous epithelia simple cuboidal epithelia simple columnar epithelia transitional epithelia -A-4 Jejunum of a cat simple columnar epithelia with goblet cells -A-5 Jejunum PAS, PAS stain goblet cells 54

4 -B. Glandular epithelia -B-1 Pancreas with duodenum (guinea-pig) lobule, interlobular duct, interlobular duct, centro-acinar cells acinus, zymogen granules. -B-2 Submandibular gland of a monkey duct system of the exocrine gland. interlobular duct, interlobular duct, striated duct, intercalated duct, serous acinus vs. mucous acinus serous demilune. -B-3 Thyroid gland follicles containing colloid -B-4 Lacrimal gland myoepithelial (basket) cell -B-5 Liver of a pig interlobular connective tissue or septum interlobular connective tissue Glisson's capsule Portal triad: portal vein hepatic artery bile duct. 55

5 . Connective tissue -1 Ileum: Azan collagen fiber reticular fiber (aniline blue) simple columnar epithelium Lamina propria Muscularis mucosae Submucosa ( loose connective tissue) muscular coat Serosa -2 Lymph node (Lymphonodus): Bielschowsky capsule trabeculae collagenous fiber reticular fiber -3 Umbilical cord (Funiculus umlilicalis) mucous connective tissue ( Wharton's jelly) amniotic epithelium umbilical vein (V. umbilicalis) umbilical arteries (Aa. umbilicalis) -4' Tendon (Tendo) from a rat tail TB cross section dense connective tissue regularly arranged Peritendineum externum Peritendineum internum tendon bundle -4'' Tendon from a rat tail: Epon-embedded. TB longitudinal section 56

6 -5 Trachea hyaline cartilage Perichondrium chondron interterritorial matrix chondrocyte cartilage lacuna (or cavity) cartilage capsule cell area cartilage matrix adipose tissue smooth muscle -6 External auditory meatus (Meatus acusticus externus) elastic cartilage hair and hair follicle stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium ceruminous glands (Gll. ceruminosae) striated muscle -7 Bone: cross section H & E Periosteum outer circumferential (basic) lamellae Haversian canal Haversian lamellae Volkmann's canal osteocyte and its processes lacunae bone canaliculus Osteon cementing line inner circumferential (basic) lamellae Endosteum -7' Ground dry bone section: MB -8 Bone: longitudinal section: H & E Haversian canal Haversian lamellae lacunae bone canaliculus Volkmann's canal 57

7 . Muscular tissue -1 Artery and vein in thigh muscles of a rabbit: cross section 1) Tunica intima endothelia cell internal elastic lamina, Elastica interna 2) Tunica media smooth muscle fiber reticular fiber collagenous fiber delicate elastic fiber 3) Tunica adventitia elastic fiber collagenous fiber Vasa vasorum -2 Artery and vein in thigh muscles of a rabbit: Masson-Goldner's stain elastic fiber (violet) collagenous fiber (green) -3 Cardiac muscle (Myocardium) cf. 1-5 cardiac muscle fiber intercalated disk connective tissue, fat cell -4 Striated muscle of a rabbit : cross section connective tissue Epimysium total muscle Perimysium bundle Endomysium fiber -5 Striated muscle of a monkey : longitudinal section striated muscle fiber muscle bundle -5' Striated muscle of a monkey: Epon embedded. longitudinal section TB banding pattern A A band I I band Z Z band -6 pylorus of the stomach tunica muscularis smooth muscle smooth muscle fiber connective tissue 58

8 . Nervous tissue -1' Cerebrum of a rat Epon-embedded, TB -2 Cerebrum. Nissl. stain Nissl substance -3 Cerebellum myelin sheath stain myelinated nerve fibers. -3' Cerebellum of a rat. Epon-embedded, TB -4 Cerebellum. Bielschowsky neurofibrils -5 Spinal cord spinal ganglion, Dura mater, gray matter ( ), white matter ( ). -6' N. opticus of a monkey. cross section, longitudinal section. Dura mater, N. opticus, myelinated nerve fibers, neuroglia. Plexus chorioideus, retina, sclera -7-1, -2 Peripheral nerve fibers in thigh muscles of a rabbit myelinated type, non-myelinated type, Schwann cell Endoneurium, Perineurium, Epineurium -8 TB cross section -9 TB longitudinal section node of Ranvier, cleft of Schmidt-Lanterman 59

9 . Blood and hemopoietic tissue -1 Peripheral blood. Smear, Giemsa 1) Erythrocytes 2) Leukocytes Agranular leukocytes lymphocytes monocytes Granular leukocytes neutrophils eosinophils basophils 3) Blood platelets (Thrombocytes) -2 Bone marrow of a rat. Giemsa -2' Bone marrow of a mouse. H & E -3 Bone marrow of a rabbit. Smear, Wright [MEMO] Diameter of cells in blood smears ( ) Number of cells (per mm 3 ) 1. Erythrocytes 7.6 male: 5,000,000 female: 4,5000, Leukocytes 5,000-9,000 a. Agranulocytes lymphocytes monocytes b. Granulocytes neutrophils eosinophils basophils Blood platelets (Thrombocytes) % among leukocytes , , (20-30) 5 (3-8) 65 (60-70) 3 (1-5) 0.5 (0-1) 60

10 [MEMO] Blood cell formation (Hemopoiesis, Hematopoiesis) ( ) Hematopoietic tissues 1. Hematopoietic tissues in embryos 2. Hematopoietic tissues in adults 2.1. Bone marrow: myeloid elements ( erythrocytopoiesis, thrombocytopoiesis, granulocytopoiesis) some lymphoid elements 2.2 Lymphatic tissues: lymphoid elements ( lymphocytopoiesis, monocytopoiesis) 2.3 Liver ( ) Differentiation of blood cells 1. Erythrocytopoiesis (Erythropoiesis) proerythroblast ( pronormoblast) basophilic erthroblast (basophilic normoblast) polychromatic erthroblast orthochromatic erthroblast normoblast reticulocyte ( polychromatic, basophilic erythrocyte) erythrocyte normocyte 2. Granulocytopoiesis myeloblast promyelocyte, myelocyte ( neutrophilic, eosinophilic and basophilic promyelocyte) metamyelocyte ( neutrophilic, eosinophilic and basophilic promyelocyte) granulocyte ( neutrophilic, eosinophilic and basophilic promyelocyte) 3. Lymphocytopoiesis and Monocytopoiesis 4. Plasmacytopoiesis 5. Megakaryocytopoiesis megakaryoblast promegakaryocyte megakaryocyte 61

11 [MEMO] Ratio of various cells found in the bone marrow Rohr (0.3) ( ) (0.1) 62

12 63

13 64

14 . THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM -1-4 Apex of the tongue (Apex linguae) : sagittal section 1) Dorsum linguae papillae linguales 1) filiform papillae (Papillae filiformes) 2) fungiform papillae (Papillae fungiformes) primary papillae secondary papillae Gl. lingualis anterior 2) Facies inferior linguae [MEMO] papillae linguales= Papillae filiformes Papillae fungiformes(*) Papillae circumvallatae(*) Papillae foliatae(*) (*) -1-5 Circumvallate papillae (Papillae vallatae): 1) taste buds (Coliculus gustatorius) Porus gustatorius outer taste pore inner taste pore vertical section supporting cells or sustentacular cells neuroepithelial taste cells taste hairs : 2) Lamina propria glands of von Ebne 3) striated muscle serous type -1-6 Foliate papillae (Papillae foliatae) : vertical section 1) taste buds 2) glands of von Ebner 3) interpapillary sulcus 65

15 -1-6' (Box ) Tooth, pl. Teeth (Dens, pl. Dense): sectional view, decalcification crown (Corona dentis) neck (Cullum dentis) junction root (Radix dentis) alveolus clinical crown gingiva anatomical crown 1) Enamelum: ameloblast. enamel prisms (Prismata): : lines of Schreger : matachromatic line. parallel lines of Retzius or contour lines: enamel tufts Dentin 2) Dentinum dentinal tubules(canaliculi dentales) Tomes' fiber, processes of the odontoblasts interglobular spaces (Spatia interglobularia) matrix contour lines of Owen granular layer of Tomes 3) Cementum: apical foramen cementoblasts(cementocyte) Sharpey's fibers matrix 4) pulp (Pulpa dentis) : condensed mesenchyma. pulp cavity(cavum dentis) dental papilla (Papilla dentis) odontoblasts root canal, apical canal, apical foramen -1-6'' (Box ) ground section (longitudinal) [MEMO] solid portion 3 calcified substances 1. dentin (ivory) 2. enamel 3. cementum supporting tissue of the tooth 1. cementum 2. periodontal membrane alveolus cementum 3. gingival acellular avascular periodontal membrane 1. cementoblasts 2. Sharpey's fiber (4. gingiva ) Gomphosis 66

16 [MEMO] Gll. oris ( salivary gland) 1) 2) Gl. Parotis Gl. sublingualis Gl. submandibularis Gll. labiales Gll. buccales Gll. molares Gll. palatinae Gll. Linguales anterior (Blandin-Nuhn) posterior (Ebner) -1-7 Parotid gland (Gl. Parotis): 1) acinus serous cells myoepithelial cells compound tubulo-alveolar gland 2) duct (Ductus) intercalated duct striated duct 3) fat cells in connective tissue septum fibrous capsule -1-8 Sublingual gland (Gl. Sublingualis): compound tubulo-alveolar gland 1) acinus mixed type, mucous acini with serous demilunes demilune 2) duct striated duct fibrous capsule -1-9 Submandibular gland(gl. submandibularis) of a monkey 1) acinus mixed type, serous demilunes 2) duct (Ductus) intercalated duct striated duct excretory duct fibrous capsule 67

17 [MEMO] Waldyer's tonsillar ring(rachenring) 1)lingual tonsils 2)palatine tonsils 3)pharyngeal tonsils Palatine tonsil (Tonsilla palatina) of a monkey 1) stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelium Fossulea tonsillares tonsillar crypts (Cryptae tonsilares) crypt Tonsillitis 2) connective tissue capsule internodular septum Lamina propria 3) lymph nodule, primary nodule (Nodulus lymphaticus, Folliculus lymphaticus) corona germinal center, secondary nodule lymphocyte reticular cell, reticular fiber plasma cell leukocyte Lingual tonsil (Tonsilla lingualis) of a monkey 1) stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelium tonsillar crypts 2) Lamina propria 3) lymph nodule 4) mucous acinus 5) muscular coat -2-1 Lip (Labium oris) of a monkey: 1) skin (Cutis) sagittal section stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium melanocyte hair, hair follicle sebaceous gland sweat gland 2) red portion of a lip stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium hair, hair (-) sebaceous gland (-) sweat gland (-) capillary ( ) 3) mucous membrane stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium labial gland, mixed type (mucous, serous) 4) Orbicularis oris muscle (M. orbicularis oris) 68

18 -2-1 Esophagus: transverse section. 1) mucous membrane (Tunica mucous) stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelium Lamina propria (mucosa) Lamina muscularis mucosae 2) Submucosa (Tela submucosa) submucous plexus of Meissner esophageal gland 3) Tunica muscularis, Muscularis externa inner circular (muscle layer) myenteric plexus of Auerbach outer longitudinal (muscle layer) the upper third of the esophagus: striated muscle the middle third of the esophagus: striated muscle & smooth muscle the lower third of the esophagus: striated muscle 4) (Tunica) adventitia loose connective tissue -2-2 Cardia of a monkey: 1) mucous membrane longitudinal section stratified squamous epithelium Lamina propria (mucosae) cardiac gland- (Lamina) muscularis mucosae 2) Submucosa 3) Muscularis externa inner circular (muscle layer) outer longitudinal (muscle layer) 4) (Tunica) serosa Peritoneum -2-3 Fundus of the stomach (Fundus ventriculi): transverse section 1) mucous membrane simple columnar epithelium Lamina propria fundic gland (gastric gland) Muscularis mucosae inner circular, outer longitudinal 69

19 2) Submucosa arteriole, venule, capillary 3) Muscularis externa 4) Serosa inner oblique middle circular outer longitudinal Peritoneum [MEMO] Gastric glands proper, Fundic glands 1) gastric pits (Foveolae gastricae) surface (mucous) epithelial cell protection, mucous 2) isthmus of a gland surface epithelial cell parietal cell HCl 3) neck of a gland mucous neck cell mucus ( ) parietal cell 4) body of a gland chief or zymogenic cell pepsinogen parietal cell 5) fundus of a gland argentaffin or enterochromaffin cell chief cell parietal cell -2-4 Pylorus with duodenum: longitudinal section 1) mucous membrane simple columnar epithelium Lamina propria pyloric gland Muscularis mucosae 2) Submucosa duodenal gland or Brunner's gland 3) Muscularis externa inner circular (pyloric sphincter) outer longitudinal 4) Serosa Peritoneum 70

20 [MEMO] Small intestine 1) mucous membrane plicae circulares or valves of Kerckring intestinal villus (pl. villi) epithelium (columnar) absorptive cell striated border goblet cell crypt of Lieberkuhn gland of Lieberkühn undifferentiated cellin the bottom of gland Lamina propria central lacteal isolated lymphatic nodules (solitary follicles) crypt Paneth cell argentaffin cell or enterochromaffin cell Muscularis mucosae 2) Submucosa inner circular outer longitudinal duodenal gland or Brunner's gland argyrophilic cell or enterochromaffin cell submucous plexus of Meissner esophageal gland 3) Muscularis externa 4) Serosa Peritoneum inner circular outer longitudinal myenteric plexus of Auerbach loose connective tissue (Tela subserosa) Mesothelium: simple squamous epithelium 71

21 -2-5 Duodenum: Azan stain 1) mucous membrane simple columnar epithelium absorptive cell goblet cell Lamina propria crypt Paneth cell argentaffin cell Muscularis mucosae 2) Submucosa Brunner's gland 3) Muscularis externa 4) Serosa or Tunica adventitia -2-6 Jejunum of a monkey : transverse section 1) mucous membrane simple columnar epithelium absorptive cell with striated border goblet cell crypt Lamina propria crypt Paneth cell argentaffin cell isolated lymphatic nodule Muscularis mucosae 2) Submucosa 3) Muscularis externa 4) Serosa 72

22 -2-7 Ileum : transverse section 1) mucous membrane simple columnar epithelium absorptive cell with striated border goblet cell crypt Lamina propria crypt Paneth cell argentaffin cell aggregated nodule or Peyer's patches ( ) Muscularis mucosae 2) Submucosa 3) Muscularis externa 4) Serosa -2-9 Peyer's patches (Folliculi lymphatici aggregati) 1) mucous membrane simple columnar epithelium crypt Lamina propria Peyer's patches Muscularis mucosae 2) Submucosa submucous plexus of Meissner ganglion cell 3) Muscularis externa 4) Serosa myenteris plexus of Auerbach ganglion cell 73

23 [MEMO] Large intestine (Intestinum crassum) 1) mucous membrane plicae circulares (-) intestinal villi (-) epithelium columnar absorptive cell striated border goblet cell gland crypt of Lieberkühn: straight tuble undifferentiated cellin the bottom of crypt (gland) Lamina propria lymphatic nodules crypt Paneth cell(-) argentaffin cell in the bottom of crypt Muscularis mucosae 2) Submucosa inner circular, outer longitudinal blood vessel adipose cell submucous plexus of Meissner 3) Muscularis externa inner circular, outer longitudinal Teniae coli (three longitudinal bands) myenteris plexus of Auerbach 4) Serosa peritoneum Adventitia loose connective tissue Appendix (Appendix vermiformis): panoramic view, transverse section 1) mucous membrane epithelium Lamina propria crypt lymphatic nodules Paneth cellin the bottom of crypt argentaffin cell in the bottom of crypt Muscularis mucosae: poorly developed 2) Submucosa lymphatic nodules 74

24 lymphocytes blood vessel adipose cell 3) Muscularis externa inner circular, outer longitudinal 4) Serosa Transverse colon (Colon transversum) of a rat 1) mucous membrane epithelium columnar absorptive cell goblet cell( ) Lamina propria lymphatic nodules crypt undifferentiated cell( ) in the bottom of crypt Paneth cell(-) argentaffin cell ( ) Muscularis mucosae 2) Submucosa submucous plexus of Meissner 3) Muscularis externa inner circular, outer longitudinal Teniae coli myenteris plexus of Auerbach 4) Serosa Transverse colon of a rat: longitudinal section 75

25 -2-13 Rectum: transverse section 1) mucous membrane longitudinal folds, rectal columns of Kohlrausch transverse folds, columns of Morgagni simple columnar epithelium goblet cell ( ) crypt Lamina propria Muscularis mucosae 2) Submucosa transverse folds, blood vessel adipose cell 3) Muscularis externa inner circular outer longitudinal striated muscle in the lower part of the rectum 4) Adventitia 76

26 -2-14, -2-14a Recto-anal junction of a monkey: longitudinal section Rectum xxxxx Anus 1) mucous membrane xxxxx Cutis simple columnar epithelium crypt anal valve goblet cell( ) stratified squamous epithelium anorectal line (dentate, or pectinate line) muco-cutaneous junction chromatophore, melanin Muscularis mucosae xxxxx Muscularis mucosae? 2) Submucosa xxxxx Subcutis bundle of nerve fibers 3) Muscularis externa internal hemorrhoidal plexus external hemorrhoidal plexus sebaceous glands Gll. circumanales inner circular xxxxx internal sphincter (M. sphincter ani internus) outer longitudinal xxxxx 4) Adventitia external sphincter ( ) (M. sphincter ani externus) striated muscle 77

27 [MEMO] Liver (Hepar) 1) hepatic portal system portal vein (V. portae) interlobular vein (V. interlobularis) hepatic sinusoid central vein (V. centralis) sublobular vein (V. sublobularis) or intercalated vein hepatic vein (V. hepaticae) inferior vena cava (V. cava inferior) 2) bile duct & bile passage bile canaliculi interlobular bile (Ductus or Ductuli biliferi) duct: portal triad (Ductus interlobulares) hepatic duct(ductus hepaticus dexter et sinister) common hepatic duct (Ductus hepaticus communis) cystic duct (Ductus cysticus) common bile duct (Ductus choledochus) pancreatic duct or duct of Wirsung (Ductus pancreaticus) duodenal papilla -3-1 Human liver 1) hepatic lobule central vein hepatic cell cord or plate (Lamina hepatis) bile ductule 2) interlobular connective tissue (Glisson's capsule) branch of the portal vein bile duct branch of the hepatic artery -3-3 Liver of a rabbit: Bielschowsky stain 1) reticular fiber( ) space of Disse 2) collagenous fiber ( ) -3-4 Liver of a rabbit: intravascular injection of Indian ink sinusoid central vein -3-5 Liver of a rabbit: PAS stain (periodic acid-schiff) hepatic (parenchymal) cell glycogen PAS( ) 78

28 -3-6 RES(reticuloendothelial system): sinusoid i) phagocytosis by the littoral cell ii) stellate cell of Kupffer endothelium, endothelial cell space of Disse vital staining by Indian ink -3-7 Gallbladder (Vesica fellea) of a monkey 1) mucous membrane tall columnar cell with oval nuclei at the base terminal bar mucosal fold Lamina propria lymphocyte crypt of mucosa 2) fibromuscular coat smooth, muscle fiber elastic fiber (fibrous connective tissue) - Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses 3) permuscular connective tissue layer dense connective tissue elastic fiber ( ) collagenous fiber ( ) 4) Serosa -3-9 Pancreas 1) exocrine portion: compound acinous gland pancreatic acinus secretory cell zymogen granule ergastoplasm centro-acinar cell intralobular duct interlobular (loose) connective tissue interlobular duct blood vessel 2) endocrine portion islet of Langerhans alpha cell (A cell) glucagon beta cell (B cell) insulin delta cell C 79

29 . THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM [MEMO] Respiratory apparatus 1) respiratory tract, air-way nasal cavity, oral cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchus (pl. bronchi) primary bronchi Bronchus principalis dexter et sinister secondary or lobar bronchi Bronchi lobares tertiary or segmental bronchi Bronchi segmentales bronchioles terminal bronchioles respiratory bronchioles alveolar ducts 2) respiratory portion; gas exchange alveolar sacs alveolus (pl. alveoli) -1-1 Ala of the nose (Alae nasi): sectional view 1) skin (Cutis) Epidermis: stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium Dermis (Corium) dermal papilla Stratum papillare (s. spongiosum) Stratum reticulare (s. compactum) subcutaneous tissue (Tela subcutanea; Subcutis) Panniculus adiposus hair hair shaft (Scapus pili) hair bulbus (Bulbus pili) hair root (Radix pili) hair follicle (Folliculus pili): sebaceous gland arrector pili muscle (M. arrector pili) sebaceous glands (Gll. sebaceae) Gll. folliculares sweat glands (Gll. sudoriferae) hair papilla (Papilla pili) 80

30 2) mucous membrane vibrissae sebaceous gland sweat gland (-) -1-2 Respiratory mucosa of the nasal cavity of a monkey non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium ciliated pseudostratified epithelium ciliated cell goblet cell intraepithelial gland : mucous type mixed gland : Lamina propria venule -1-3 (Box ) Larynx of a monkey : longitudinal section Vestibulum laryngis false vocal cord Plica vestibularis Ventriculus laryngis true vocal cord Plica vocalis Cavum infraglotticum 1) mucous membrane ciliated pseudostratified epithelium ciliated cell goblet cell Lamina propria mixed gland nonkeratinized stratified epithelium lymphatic nodule: Ventriculus 2) thyroarytenoid muscle 3) thyroid cartilage (Cartilago thyr(e)oidea) hyaline cartilage Perichondrium 4) thyroid gland vocal ligament (elastic fiber) vocalis muscle 81

31 -2-1 Trachea of a rabbit: transverse section 1) mucous membrane ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with numerous goblet cells Lamina propria elastic fiber (mixed type) glandular duct lymphatic tissue mucosal fold 2) tracheal cartilage & tracheal muscle hyaline cartilage Perichondrium Paries membranaceus smooth muscle 3) Adventitia fibro-elastic layer elastic fiber & smooth muscle outermost layer loose connective tissue, adipose cells, blood vessel, nerves -2-2 Trachea of a rabbit : longitudinal section 1) mucous membrane 2) tracheal cartilage (Cartilagines tracheales) tracheal annular ligaments (Ligg. anularia) 3) Paries membranaceus smooth muscle 4) Adventitia -2-3 Lung (Pulmo) 1) respiratory bronchiole : human adult 0.5mm ciliated columnar epithelium devoid of goblet cell non-ciliated low cuboidal epithelium 2) alveolar duct 3) alveolar sac 4) Alveolus respiratory epithelium alveolar epithelial cell non-nucleated plaques network of capillaries, reticular fibers and elastic fibers alveolar septum alveolar cell, spetal cell or granular pneumocyte alveolar phagocyte, dust cell granules of hemosiderin alveolar pore 82

32 -2-4 Lung of a rabbit: Weigert's stain elastic fiber artery, vein bronchiole alveolar duct alveolar sac alveolus -2-5 (Box ) Lung of a fetus 1) bronchiole glandular type alveolar type 2) connective tissue 3) artery, vein 4) branch of bronchus 83

33 . THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM -1-1 Thyroid gland (Gl. thyreoidea) 1) capsule (Capsula fibrosa) connective tissue, fibrocyte 2) lobule (Lobuli glandulae thyreoidea) follicle follicular epithelium simple low cuboidal epithelial simple squamous epithelial cell colloid thyroglobulin interfollicular space parafollicular cell thyrocalcitonin capillary Parathyroid gland: Masson-Goldner's stain 1) principal or chief cell (chromophobe cell): parathormone: Ca thyrocalcitonin 2) oxyphil cell (chromophil cell): eosinophil 3) 1) 2) Pineal gland or pineal body: H & E stain 1) pineal cell or pinealocyte : processes of pinealocyte melatonin : MSH 2) astroglial cell- : processes of astroglial cell 3) brain sand calcium phosphate, or calcium carbonate concretion % 20 25% 70 80% 84

34 [MEMO] Cortex steroid hormones Zona glomerulosa minealocorticoids Z. fasciculate & Z. reticularis glucocorticoids Medulla adrenaline & noradrenaline Development: Cortex peritoneal mesothelium Medulla neural crest (autonomic ganglion system) -1-3 Adrenal or suprarenal gland (Gl. suprarenalis) 1) capsule (Capsula) connective tissue septum of connective tissue 2) adrenal cortex (Cortex) Zona glomerulosa capillary or sinusoid Zona fasciculata spongiocyte vacuolization capillary or sinusoid Zona reticularis or Zona pigmentosa light cell dark cell lipofuscin pigment (yellow-brown) capillary or sinusoid 3) adrenal medulla (Medulla) chromaffin cell or pheochrome cell chromaffin reaction: (sympathetic) ganglion cell -1-3' Adrenal gland: 1) capsule Masson-Goldner's stain connective tissue (light green) 2) cortex Zona glomerulosa Zona fasciculate spongiocyte Zona reticularis 3) Medulla granules of chromaffin cell 85

35 -1-4 Pituitary gland or hypophysis (Hypophysis cerebri) 1) Lobus anterior Pars distalis Lobus glandularis Adenohypophysis Adenohypophysis Pars anterior Pars intermedia Pars tuberalis (1) arrangement of cell cluster sinusoid Endothelium (2) chromophobe cell chromophile cell acidophil cell ( A or cell) eosin basophil cell ( B or cell) hematoxylin 2) Pars intermedia (1) vesicle or cyst with colloid a a cyst : pale squamous cuboidal epithelial cell eosinophil b b cyst : chromophobe cell acidophilus cell colloid (2) basophil cell 3) Lobus posterior Pars posterior Lobus nervosus (1) pituicyte neuroglia Neurohypophysis (2) unmyelinated nerve fiber hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract Herring body: axoplasm of fiber 86

36 . THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM -1-1 Heart (Cor) 1) Endocardium Endothelium subendothelial layer collagenous fiber elastic fiber fibroblast connective tissue layer elastic fiber smooth muscle fiber subendocardial layer loose connective tissue 2) Myocardium network of muscle fiber myofibril intercalated disk 3) Epicardium connective tissue layer adipose tissue Mesothelium -1-3 Artery and vein of a monkey (A. et V. radialis) small medium-sized muscular artery companion veins (Vv. comitantes) 1) Tunica intima Endothelium endothelial cell Elastica interna or internal elastic membrane 2) Tunica media smooth muscle cell 3) Tunica adventitia Elastica externa or external elastic membrane loose connective tissue -1-5 Aorta of a rabbit: Masson-Goldner's stain, aldehyde-fuchsin erythrocyte (red) nucleus (red) cytoplasm (red orange) muscle (red orange) elastic fiber (purple) collagenous fiber (green) 87

37 [MEMO] Pulpa Linenis 1) Hilus lienis lienal or splenic artery A.lienalis 2) Trabecula trabecular artery 3) white pulp : 1mm pulp artery central artery marginal zone 4) red pulp penicilli sheathed artery 6 10, 30 terminal capillary sinusoid pulp vein 5) Trabecula trabecular vein 6) Hilus splenic vein reticular fiber sheath -2-1 Spleen of a monkey (Lien) 1) capsule (Capsula lienis) i) Tunica serosa Mesothelium Hilus lienis ii) Tunica fibrosa: Trabeculae (Trabeculae lienis) connective tissue trabecular artery trabecular vein 2) splenic pulp (Pulpa lienis) i) white pulp or splenic nodule Folliculi lymphatici lienales, splenic nodule, germinal center central artery or follicular artery A. centralis, A. follicularis ii) red pulp venous sinus (Sinus lienis) phagocytic reticular cell splenic cord or Billroth cord 88

38 -2-1' Spleen of a mouse: vital staining by India ink phagocytic reticular cell -3-1 Lymph node (Lymphonodus): panoramic view 1) capsule and trabecula dense connective tissue Trabeculae 2) Cortex cortical nodule germinal center lymphatic sinus 3) Medulla : Cortex medullary cord lymphatic sinus, i. e. medullary sinus -3-3 Lymph node : Bielschowsky's stain lymphatic sinus [MEMO] The flow of lymph 1) afferent vessels (Vasa afferentia) 2) lymphatic sinus i) subcapsular sinus ii) cortical sinus iii) trabecular sinus iv) medullary sinus littoral or lining cell 3) effect vessels (Vasa efferentia) -1-2 Thymus of an adolescent 1) capsule interlobular septum of connective tissue 2) lobule (Lobuli thymi) Cortex small lymphocyte Medulla medium-sized lymphocyte large lymphocyte (epithelial) reticular cell Hassall's body hyaline core, degeneration of reticular cell 89

39 . THE GENITO-URINARY SYSTEM -1-1 Kidney (Ren): section in a long axis of a renal lobule 1) capsule fibrous capsule (Capsula fibrosa) Tunica muscularis 2) Cortex renal corpuscle i) Bowman's capsule squamous epithelium Glomerular capsule ( capsular ep.) visceral (glom. ep. podocyte) parietal ( cap. ep.) ii) glomerulus capillary endothelium mesangial cell urinary pole uriniferous tubules (Tubuli renales) i) proximal convoluted tubule brush border ii) distal convoluted tubule vascular pole i) afferent arteriole (Vas afferens) juxtaglomerular cell macula densa "juxtaglomerular apparatus" ii) efferent arteriole (Vas efferens) 3) Medulla and medullary ray loop of Henle i) descending thick limb (straight portion of proximal tubule) ii) descending thin limb iii) ascending thin limb iv) ascending thick limb (straight portion of distal tubule) collecting tubule -1-2 Kidney: tangential section -1-3 Kidney of a rabbit: intravenous injection of India ink -1-4 Kidney of a guinea pig: intraarterial injection of India ink 90

40 [MEMO] The circulation of blood through the kidney 1) Hilus of kidney (Hilus renalis) renal artery 2) renal column (pyramids )(Columnae renales) interlobar arteries 3) cortico-medullary border arcuate arteries 4) Cortex interlobar arteries afferent arterioles glomerulus efferent arterioles capillary stellate veins 4') Medulla Arteriolae rectae capillary Venulae rectae 5) cortico-medullary border Arcuate veins 6) renal column interlobar veins 7) Hilus renal vein interlobar veins 91

41 -1-5 Ureter: transverse section stellate lumen 1) Epithelium transitional epithelium 2) Lamina propria dense connective tissue loose connective tissue Submucosa (-) 3) Tunica muscularis: smooth muscle inner longitudinal layer outer circular layer 4) Tunica adventitia adipose tissue blood vessel loose connective tissue -1-6 Urinary bladder of a guinea pig (Vesica urinaria) fold in the mucosa 1) Epithelium transitional epithelium 2) Lamina propria Submucosa numerous blood vessels 3) Tunica muscularis inner longitudinal layer middle circular layer outer longitudinal layer 4) Tunica serosa Tela subserosa connective tissue Mesothelium Peritoneum 92

42 -2-1 Testis and epididymis 1. Testis 1) Tunica vaginalis testis Lamina parietalis Lamina visceralis 2) Tunica albuginea 3) Tunica vasculosa 4) Mediastinum testis 5) Septula testis 6) Lobuli testis 7) interstitial connective tissue interstitial cell or Leydig cell 8) Tubuli seminiferi contorti (seminiferous tubule) (1) seminiferous epithelium basement membrane i) spermatogonium ii) primary spermatocyte iii) secondary spermatocyte iv) spermatid v) sperm ii iv) meiosis (?) spermatogenesis spermatocytogenesis spermiogenesis (2) supporting cell or Sertoli cell 2. Epididymis 1) Ductuli efferentes testis: Caput epididymidis simple columnar epithelium i) ciliated cell ii) secreting cell bleb-like projection 2) Ductus epididymidis: Corpus epididymidis pseudostraitified columnar epithelium i) tall columnar cell stereocilia ii) basal cell Bulbourethral gland or Cowper's gland (Gl. bulbourethralis) compound tubulo-alveolar gland simple columnar epithelium secreting portion irregular size and form cyst-like enlargement secretory cell mucous type intraepithelial gland 93

43 -2-2 Ductus deferens: transverse section narrow, irregular lumen 1) Epithelium pseudostraitified columnar epithelium i) stereociliated columnar cell ii) basal cell 2) Lamina propria longitudinal fold 3) Tunica muscularis well-developed inner longitudinal layer middle circular layer outer longitudinal layer 4) Tunica adventitia connective tissue -2-3 Seminal vesicle (Vesicula seminalis) 1) Epithelium simple columnar epithelium pseudostraitified columnar epithelium fold in the mucosa anastomosis i) primary fold ii) secondary fold iii) tertiary fold 2) Lamina propria 3) Tunica muscularis inner circular layer outer longitudinal layer 4) Tunica adventitia connective tissue -2-4 Prostate gland (Prostata) compound tubuloalveolar gland 1) lumen prostatic concretion calcified organic substance 2) Epithelium simple columnar epithelium pseudostraitified columnar epithelium low cuboidal epithelium squamous epithelium 3) Stroma or interstitial tissue connective tissue smooth muscle fiber 4) capsule connective tissue 94

44 -2-5 Corpus penis of an adult: transverse section 1) Cutis ( skin) Epidermis Dermis 2) Tale subcutanea adipose tissue (-) smooth muscle fiber V. dorsalis penis subcutanea Fascia penis (profunda) A. et V. dorsalis penis 3) Tunica albuginea (corporum cavenosorum) Septum penis 4) Corpus cavernosum penis : Dorsum penis erectile tissue i) Caverna( sinus) Endothelium ii) Trabecula connective tissue smooth muscle fiber A. profunda penis 5) Corpus spongiosum penis : Facies urethralis erectile tissue Urethra i) stratified columnar epithelium ii) Gll. urethrales ( glands of Littre) A. urethralis A. bulbi penis [MEMO] The circulation of blood through the penis Arteriae Aa. Helicinae Cavernae V. dorsalis penis -2-6 Glans penis of an adult prepuce (Preputium) 95

45 -3-1 Ovary and fimbria of a monkey: 1) germinal epithelium 2) overian stroma transverse section i) Tunica albuginae (ovary) dense connective tissue ii) Cortex follicle connective tissue interstitial cell = large polygonal epithelioid cell iii) Medulla (Zona vasculosa) loose connective tissue blood vessel iv) Mesovarium Hilus ovarii 3) ovarian follicle i) primordial or unilaminar follicle oocyt oogonium follicular cell single layer, flattened ii) primary follicle oocyte follicular cell cuboidal Zona pellucida or oolemma granulosa cell layer Theca folliculi Theca interna et externa iii) secondary follicle ( Antral follicle) oocyte mitosis of follicular cell Liquor folliculi or follicular fluid Cumulus oophorus follicular cell iv) mature Graafian follicle Corona radiata follicular cell follicular cavity follicular fluid Membrana granulosa 1 v) oogenesis (i) oogonium (pl. oogonia) (ii) primary oocyte primordial follicle (iii) secondary oocyt 1 first polar body ovulation (iv) 2 ovum & second polar body vi) Corpus rubrum vii) Corpus luteum lutein cell progesterone granular lutein cell theca lutein viii) Corpus albicans ( Corpus fibrosum) ix) atretic follicle 96

46 -3-2 Oviduct or uterine tube(tuba uterina) : transverse section stellate lumen 1) mucous membrane fold of the mucosa (Plicae tubariae) simple columnar epithelium ciliated columnar cell non-ciliated secondary cell Lamina propria connective tissue, blood vessel Muscularis mucosae(-) Submucosa(-) 2) Tunica muscularis or muscular coat inner circular layer outer longitudinal layer 3) Tunica serosa or serous coat peritoneal mesothelium -3-3 Uterus : transverse section proliferative or follicular phase 1) mucous membrane Endometrium functional layer basal layer : simple columnar epithelium ciliated cell secondary cell Lamina propria uterine gland, cervical gland coiled artery 2) muscular layer ( Myometrium) : smooth muscle fiber (i) Stratum submucosum : inner longitudinal (ii) Stratum vasculare: middle circular (iii) Stratum supravasculare : outer longitudinal and circular (iv) Stratum subserosum : outermost longitudinal 3) serous membrane ( Perimetrium) Peritoneum Parametrium connective tissue -3-3' Uterus Endometrium: 2 weeks after day 1 of menses. 97

47 -3-4 Vagina: longitudinal section 1) mucous membran fold of the mucosa : stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelium Lamina propria lymphatic nodule dense connective tissue Papillae 2) muscular coat inner circular layer outer longitudinal layer 3) adventitial coat dense connective tissue -4-1 Placenta at mid-pregnancy (ca. 5 months) 1) fetal portion (Pars fetalis) Amnion connective tissue chorionic villi free (i) Syncytium syncytiotrophoblast fibrinoid material (ii) Langhan's layer cytotrophoblast (iii) Stroma spindle-shaped cell intervillous space stellate cell blood vessel 2) meternal portion (Pars uterina) Decidua basalis (i) decidual cell (ii) hyalin placental septum -4-2 Umbilical cord(funiculus umbilicalis) near term (ca. 10 months): transverse section 1) Amnion simple squamous or cuboidal epithelium 2) Whartonian jelly 3) umbilical arteries 4) umbilical vein 5) Allantois 98

48 . THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM AND THE SYSTEM OF SENSORY RECEPTORS -1-1 skin (Cutis) 1) Epidermis (1) Stratum disjunctum (2) Stratum corneum: Nucleus (-), keratin (3) Stratum lucidum (4) Stratum granulosum: keratohyaline granule (5) Stratum spinosum (6) Stratum germinativum 2) Dermis( Corium) keratinocyte melanocyte Langerhans cell (1) Stratum papillare (2) Stratum reticulare sebaceous gland sweat gland secretion portion duct 3) Subcutis (Tela subcutanea) subcutaneous adipose tissue -1-4 Finger (Digitus) of a monkey 1) Epidermis (1) Stratum disjunctum (2) Stratum corneum: Nucleus (-), keratin (3) Stratum lucidum (4) Stratum granulosum: keratohyaline granule (5) Stratum spinosum (6) Stratum germinativum 2) Dermis( Corium) (1) Stratum papillare Meissner's corpuscle tactile cell fibrous capsule (2) Stratum reticulare sebaceous gland duct of sweat gland 3) Subcutis Vater-Pacinian corpuscle inner bulb lamellae nerve fiber laminar cell 99

49 -1-5 Hairs of the head (Capilli) of a monkey: transverse section 1) hair shaft (Scapus pili) 2) hair root (Radix pili) (1) hair follicle (Folliculus pili) invagination of the epidermis and corium i) connective tissue sheath : Corium(Papilla) ii) glassy membrane : basement membrane: iii) outer root sheath : Stratum germinativum iv) inner root sheath : (2) hair (Pilus) Stratum granulosum Stratum lucidum Stratum corneum (i) Henle's layer simple layer (ii) Huxley's layer 2 3 layer, keratohyalin granules or trichohyalin granule (iii) cuticle of the inner root sheath simple squamous cell(thin horny scale) i) cuticle of the hair clear cell ii) cortex of the hair : melanin iii) medulla of the hair : 2 3 medulla (3) follicular gland ( sebaceous gland) (4) arrector pili muscle (M. arrector pili): smooth muscle 3) hair bulbus (Bulbus pili) 4) hair papilla (Papilla pili) Cortex pigment Medulla gray hair -1-6 Hairs of the head : longitudinal section Nail (Unguis): transverse section 1) nail plate : Stratum corneum unguis 2) nail bed (Matrix unguis): Stratum germinativum unguis 3) Corium 4) Eponychium 5) Hyponychium 100

50 Mammary gland (Gl. mammaria) active stage lactating stage compound tubulo-alveolar gland 1) glandular lobule i) glandular alveolus: simple squamous cuboidal columnar secretory cell myoepithelial cell ii) intralobular connective tissue intralobular duct 2) interlobular connective tissue interlobular duct: simple cuboidal epithelium 3) lactiferous duct (Ductus lactiferi) 4) adipose tissue 101

51 -2-1 Eye (Oculus) of a monkey: panoramic view. sagittal section 1) Tunica fibrosa bulbi( Tunica externa): supporting layer (1) Sclera (i) canal of Schlemm Sinus venosus sclerae (ii) space of Fontana trabecular connective tissue meshwork (2) Cornea ( Spatia anguli iridocornealis, Anterior chamber angle (i) corneal epithelium stratified squamous: 5 Bowman's membrane collagenous fibril (ii) Lamina limitans anterior, anterior basal membrane (iii) Substantia propria(corneae) cornea 90% collagenous fiber (iv) Lamina limitans posterior, posterior basal membrane Descemet's membrane atypical form of collagen (v) Endothelium corneae Descemet's endothelium simple layer large squamous low cuboidal 2) Tunica vasculosa bulbi ( Tunica media): vascular layer of uvea (1) Chor(i)oidea (Uvea) Ora serrata (i) Lamina fusca or suprachorioidea loose connective tissue pigment cell melanocyte (ii) Lamina vasculosa (iii) Lamina choriocapillaris (iv) Lamina basalis Ora serrata Corpus cilare Bruch's membrane or glassy membrane (2) ciliary body( Corpus ciliare) (i) ciliary muscle ( M. ciliaris) smooth muscle meridoinal fiber or the muscle of Brücke outer radial fiber middle circular fiber or Müller's muscle inner (ii) vascular layer (iii) Lamina basalis, Lamina vitrea (iv) Pars ciliaris retinae, cili ary portion of the retina 2 simple columnar epithelium ( ) outer pigmented epithelium Stratum pigmenti corporis ciliaris ( ) inner non-pigmented epithelium ciliary epithelium 102

52 (v) ciliary inner limiting membrane basement membrane Orbiculus ciliaris Processus ciliares Zinn Zonula ciliaris (3) Iris Margo pupillaris Facies anterior Facies posterior Margo ciliaris (i) Endothelium camerae anterioris (ii) Stroma iridis lamina limitans posterior chromatophore vascular layer. Stratum vasculosa M. sphincter pupillae outer pigment epithelium of ciliary body M. dilator pupillae (iii) Pars iridica retinae Pupilla outer pigment layer inner pigment layer inner limiting membrane lens side 3) Tunica interna bulbi: retinal layer ( ) (1) 1. Pars caeca retinae Pars cilliaris retinae Pars iredica retinae 2. Pars optica retinae, optical portion of the retina (i) outer pigment epithelium (ii) bacillary layer or layer of rod and cone (iii) outer limiting membrane (iv) outer nuclear or granule layer (v) outer plexiform layer (vi) inner nuclear or granule layer bipolar cell horizontal amacrine cell Muller (vii) inner plexiform layer (viii) ganglion cell layer (ix) layer of optic nerve fiber (x) inner limiting membrane Retina (retina sensory portion) (ii) (x) 103

53 (2) Discus nervi optici( Papilla nervi optici), optic disc Excavatio disci( Excavitio papillae) (3) Macula (lutea) central fovea (4) Ora serrata 4) Lens (1) lens capsule Capsula lentis (i) Facies anterior lentis thick (ii) Facies posterior lentis thin (2) lens epithelium (i) Facies anterior lentis simple cuboidal epithelium (ii) Equator lentis simple columnar epithelium (iii) Facies posterior lentis lens fiber (3) lens fiber Equator lentis nuclear zone or transitional zone ciliary zonule of Zinn (4) Cortex lentis (5) Nucleus lentis (6) Zonula ciliaris 5) vitreous body 6) anterior chamber 7) posterior chamber 8) aqueous humor 104

54 -2-2 Lacrimal gland (Gl. lacrimalis) of a rabbit 1) compound tubulo-alveolar gland 2) lobule (1) secretory acinus (i) secretory cell foamy appearance (ii) myoepithelial cell inside of the basement membrane (2) intralobular duct a layer of low columnar or cuboidal cell 3) interlobular connective tissue (1) intralobular duct two layers -2-3 Eyelid (Palpebrae): sagittal section 1) anterior surface (1) skin (2) Lanugo (3) almost no fat 2) middle layer (1) M. orbicularis oculi striated muscle (i) Pars palpebralis 3) posterior surface palpebral conjunctiva (1) mucous membrane (i) stratified columnar epithelium (ii) goblet cell (2) tarsal plate (i) sebaceous gland of Meibom (ii) M. tarsalis superior smooth muscle (3)( tendon of levator palpebrae muscle) (4) accessory lacrimal gland of Krause 4) palpebral limbus (1) muco-cutaneous junction (2) ciliary muscle of Riolan (3) eyelash or cilium (4) sebaceous gland of Zeiss (5) ciliary gland of Moll ( sweat gland) 105

55 -3-1, -6 External auditory meatus (Meatus acusticus externus) 1) skin (1) Papilla thin or devoid 2) Tragi (1) large sebaceous gland hair follicle 3) ceruminous gland ( Gl. ceruminosa) coiled tubular apocrine sweat gland (1) free surface (2) hair follicle (3) Cerumen 4) Subcutis(-) Perichondrium 5) elastic cartilage -3-2 Tympanic membrane (Membrana tympani) of a monkey Malleus 1) Stratum cutaneum external auditory canal stratified squamous epithelium 2) Lamina propria collagenous fiber 3) Stratum mucosum tympanic cavity simple squamous epithelium -3-3 Cochlea of a monkey: vertical section Cochlea : Basis cochleae, Cupula cochleae 1) Modiolus (1) Canales longitudinales modioli N. cochleae (2) Canales spiralis modioli Ganglion spirale Ganglion spiralis ossea: (i) Hamulus laminae spiralis: (ii) Helicotrema : Scala vestibuli Scala tympani 2) Canalis spiralis cochleae (1) Scala vestibuli (2) Scala tympani (3) Ductus cochlearis (i) Paries vestibularis Membrana vestibularis( ) Reissner's membrane Endothelium Scala vestibuli connective tissue simple squamous epithelium Ductus cochlearis 106

56 (ii) Paries externus (Ductus cochlearis) Lig. spirale cochleae Periosteum simple cuboidal epithelium Stria vascularis Lamina propria Prominentia spiralis Sulcus spiralis externus (iii) Paries tympanicus a) Limbus (laminae) spiralis (osseae) (a) Labuim limbi vestibulare (Vestibular lip) Membrana tectoria (b) Labium limbi tympanicum(tympanic lip) (c) Sulcus spiralis internus : lips b) Membrana spiralis Lamina spiralis membranacea (a) Organum spirale(corti) (b) Lamina basilaris (c) tympanic covering layer connective tissue (d) Organum spirale Organum Cortii ) Arcus spiralis inner pillar( ) outer pillar inner pillar cell outer pillar cell inner tunnel tunnel of Corti ) Arcus spiralis inner hair cell auditory hair row inner phalangeal cell border cell inner tunnel ) Arcus spiralis outer hair cell auditory hair outer phalangeal cell supporting cell of Deiters space of Nuel: Deiters' cell or outer hair cell cell of Hensen inner tunnel cell of Claudius cell of Boettcher 107

57 . THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM -1-1' Cerebrum: section perpendicular to the surface of the cortex: H & E stain 1) Pia mater (encephali) connective tissue 2) cerebral cortex (Cortex cerebri) gray matter (1) molecular layer plexiform layer neurogrial layer (2) outer granular layer layer of small pyramids (3) outer pyramidal cell layer layer of medium-sized pyramids (4) inner granular layer (5) ganglionic layer inner pyramidal layer inner layer of large pyramids giant pyramidal cell of Betz (Gyrus precentralis) (6) polymorphous cell layer 3) Medulla (Substantia medullaris cerebri) white matter (1) myelinated nerve fiber (2) neuroglia (i) astrocyte (ii) oligodendroglia (iii) microglia -1-4 Cerebrum: Nissl' s stain Cortex nerve cell body Nissl's body chromophilic substance -2-1 Cerebellum: transverse section. H & E stain 1) Pia mater 2) cerebellar cortex (Cortex cerebelli) gray matter (1) molecular layer (2) Purkinje cell layer Stratum gangliosum (3) granular layer 3) Medulla white matter (1) myelinated nerve fiber (2) neuroglia -2-2 Cerebellum: iron-h & E stain (Weigert ) 1) Cortex 2) Medulla myelinated nerve fiber 108

58 -2-3 Cerebellum: Nissl's stain 1) Cortex cerebelli (1) molecular layer (i) stellate cell superficial stellate cell (ii) basket cell deep stellate cell (iii) neuroglia (2) Purkinje cell layer (i) Purkinje cell (3) granular layer (i) granule cell (ii) Golgi cell -2-4 Box Cerebellum : Golgi' s stain 1) Cortex cerebelli (1) molecular layer (i) stellate cell (ii) basket cell (iii) Bergmann's neuroglia (2) Purkinje cell layer (i) Purkinje cell dendrite spine synapse synaptic bouton (ii) Golgi cell (iii) horizontal cell of Lugaro (3) granular layer granule cell stain(-) 2) Medulla (1) astroglia (i) perivascular foot (ii) gliosome 109

59 -3-1 Spinal cord (Medulla spinalis) of a cat: transverse section 1) gray matter (1) anterior horn or column (i) anterior horn cell or root cell (ii) nucleus of neuroglia (iii) unmyelinated nerve fiber (2) lateral horn (3) posterior horn (i) nerve cell tract (funicular) cell internal cell (ii) nucleus of neuroglia (iii) unmyelinated nerve fiber (4) central canal (i) ependymal cell 2) white matter (1) anterior funiculus (2) lateral funiculus (3) posterior funiculus Sulcus medianus posterior Sulcus intermedius posterior (i) myelinated nerve fiber (ii) nucleus of neuroglia (4) superficial glial membrane (5) anterior median fissure(fissura mediana anterior) 110