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3 The bottle floated out of the cave.

4 Figure (Talmy 1985, 1991, 2000) Ground Motion Path Manner Cause Coevent

5 Talmy 1985 Typology of Lexicalization Patterns The bottle floated out (of the cave) Figure Motion Path Ground Manner/Cause La botella 'the bottle' salió 'move.out' de 'from' la cueva 'the cave' flotando 'floating'

6 (1) a. The rock {slid/rolled} down the hill. b. The mouse scurried away into its hole. c. The train screeched into the station. d. The cork popped out of the bottle. (2) They walked down the hill and across the field to the river.

7 amble bowl canter clamber climb crawl creep dance dash flit fly gallop glide hasten hobble hop hurry inch jog jump leap limp lumber lurch march meander mosey nip pad parade plod prowl race ramble roam rove run rush saunter scramble scud scurry scuttle shamble shuffle skip slide slither slouch sneak speed stagger stray streak stride stroll strut swagger sweep swim tiptoe toddle totter tramp trek troop trot waddle wade walk wander zigzag

8 across, through, over, past, around, along, into, onto, out, offf, up, down (enter, descend, ascend, etc.)

9 a. La botella entró a la cueva flotando. the bottle moved.in to the cave floating The bottle floated into the cave. b. El globo bajó por la chinenea flotando. the balloon moved.up through the chimney floating The balloon floated up the chimney.

13 Talmy 1985 (Matsumoto 2003) vs. (cf. Wienold 1995) (cf. Levin & Rappaport Hovav 1995, 1997) (cf. Talmy 1991)

14 Talmy 1991 Typology of Event Integration <-- cf. telicity (satellite)

15 The bottle Verb floated satellite out Figure Motion Path Ground Manner/Cause La botella 'the bottle' salió 'move.out' de 'from' la cueva 'the cave' flotando 'floating'

16 Talmy 1991 (verb-framed language) (satellite-framed language)

18 I. 1. Talmy (satellite)?

19 [ V Vroot-Vroot]

20 [ V Vroot-Aff ] (Mithun 1999: 142) ikvi!rip-unih run-down.from.a.considerable.height

21 [ V V Prt ] John walked down.

22 [ V V [ PP P NP ]] John walked down the road.

23 [ V V [ NP [ N N-Aff ]]] Elina käveli koti-in. Elina walked home-ill Elina walked home.

24 Matsumoto 2003 Talmy satellite nonhead head-framed vs. nonhead-framed languages

25 Nonhead head head

26 He walked down the hill across the bridge and through the pasture to the chapel.

28 John walked out of the house into the garden. John ki-gyalogolt a ha z-bo l a kert-be. John out-walked the house-ela the garden-ill John walked out of the house, across the street, and into the shop. *Ja nos ki-gyalogolt a ha z-bo l az utca -n John out-walked the house-ela the street-sup a t a bolt-ba. across the shop-ill

29 [ ] I went up the stairs toward her. I went up the stairs and (then) toward her.

30 a. Sie fliegen über Grönland nach Berlin/Island they fly-pst over Greenland to Berlin/Iceland 'They flew over Greenland to Berlin/Iceland.' b. Sie über-fliegen Grönland nach *Berlin/?Island they over-fly-pst Greenland to Berlin/Iceland 'They flew over Greenland to *Berlin/Iceland. *

31 Head-framed Head-encoding Nonhead-framed Head-marking Dependent-encoding/marking

32 2. Path cf. Talmy 2000 Vector: FROM, VIA, TO, etc Conformation: Ground (the inside of, the surface of) Deictic direction: (THIS WAY, etc) Non-deictic direction

33 Deictic Jakaltek (Craig 1993:25) xk-in ha-ten-il-tij y-ul karro COM-A1 E2-hold-out-hither E3-in truck You pulled me out of the truck.

34 Vector Conformation in to Conformation Vector

35 into [path TO [place IN [thing ]]]

36 out [path TO [place OUT OF [thing ]]] [path FROM [place IN [thing ]]]

37 Conformation vector Deicitc direction, nondeictic direction

38 (Sinha & Kuteva 1995) be-men-t-em a szobá-ba. (Hungarian) in-go-pst-1sg the room-ill I went into the room.

39 Flickan simmade in i grottan. (Swe) girl swam in in cave The girl swam into the cave.

41 dominant dominant

42 ??

43 a. b.

44 vs

47 II

48 a. Steve threw the ball out the window. b. Sarah looked out the window.

49 (Pinker 1989, Levin 1993, Goldberg 1995, 2002 )

50 (Levin 1993, Goldberg 1995) a. Bill threw the ball into the box. b. throw, pitch, haul, kick, punt, dash, smash, pull, push, shove; frighten, lure, coax; urge, order, ask, beckon, invite, call; break, slice, chop, grate, shred; wash, mix, stir; laugh, sneeze, etc, etc.

51 a. Susan lifted the box up. b. Mary brought the book here. c. drop, lower, raise, lift; bring, take cf. *enter, *exit, *ascend, etc.

53 2.2 ( 1997, 2002 ) a. b.

54 a. b.

55 a. b.

56 a. b.

57 a. cf. b. ( 1998)

58 a. b. * c. -->

59 (1997)

60 2.3 a. b. cf.

61 a. Peter threw the ball {across the street / past the pole}. b.

63 cf. emanation path (Talmy 1996, 2000) a. She looked up at the sky. b. cf.

65 3.2 a. He looked {up / down / into the hole / across the valley / through the hole / past the house / toward the mountain /...}. b. He {looked / peeped / stared / gazed / glanced / squinted / leered}at her. Mary {cast/shot} a quick glance {at the paper/up the stairs}.

66 Bill shouted {through the door / across the room / out the window / over his shoulder / into the microphone}.

67 3.3 + a. b.

68 a. b.

69 a. b. cf.

71 a. b. % * * * * *

72 a. b. c. * -->

73 I V [+SUBJ] [+OBJ] (Jackendoff 1977) P [ SUBJ] [+OBJ] across < OBJ > <SUBJ OBJ> figure ground figure ground (path) (path)

74 a. Bill swam across the river. b. Johnathan threw the ball across the river. c. Sarah looked across the river.

75 (2.4) *

76 a. b.?? a. b. *

77 a. < SUBJ, OBL > figure ground (goal) b. <SUBJ, OBJ, OBL> causer figure ground (goal)

78 a. < SUBJ, OBJ > figure ground (path) b. * < SUBJ, OBJ, OBJ > causer figure ground (path)

79 a. b. * a. * b.

82 4.

2006年ワークショップ

2006年ワークショップ 1. The bottle floated out of the cave. (Talmy 1985, 1991, 2000) Figure Ground Motion Path Manner Cause Talmy 1985 Typology of Lexicalization Patterns The bottle floated out (of the cave) Figure Motion