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1 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

2 195 IBM SPSS Statistics IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

3 DESCRIPTIVES EXAMINE OLAP OLAP OLAP OLAP t t T t.. 34 t T t T-TEST T t T-TEST T-TEST ONEWAY GLM GLM GLM GLM GLM UNIANOVA GLM GLM UNIANOVA GLM GLM UNIANOVA CORRELATIONS NONPAR CORR PARTIAL CORR PROXIMITIES iii

4 : REGRESSION PLUM k k : : : : : : DISCRIMINANT FACTOR TwoStep TwoStep TwoStep CLUSTER QUICK CLUSTER NPTESTS NPTESTS i IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

5 NPTESTS NPTESTS Kolmogoro-Smirno MULT RESPONSE : / / : REPORT RELIABILITY ALSCAL ROC ROC

6 i IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

7 1 () 4 : ( ) 1. > > () 3 ( ) : : Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

8 : : ( A4 F8.2 DATE11 ) : : ( ) : : : : : $@ : IBM SPSS Statistics IBM SPSS Statistics ( ) : IBM SPSS Statistics ( ) IBM SPSS Statistics : : FILE LABEL ( ) 2 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

9 : : : DATAFILE ATTRIBUTE : $@ : : () : 4 ( ) : ( ) : : 200 : ( ) Percent ( ). 1 3

10 Mean (). () Standard Deiation (). 1 68% 2 95% % Quartiles (4 (Kaplan-Meier)) : ( ) 4 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

11 2 ( ) : 37.5% 24.9% 28.1% 9.4% 3,576 1,078 : () 4 : ( ) : 4 1. > > : 4 ( ) 4 4 n ( 95 95% ) Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

12 : Mean (). () Median ( ) : Sum (). () : : 1 68% 2 95% % Variance ( ( )). 1 2 Range (OK ( )). Minimum ( ). Maximum (). : ( ) : Skewness (). 0 2 Kurtosis (). 0 : (30 35 ) 6 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

13 : 1 1 : : ( ) : 1 ( ) ( ) : 2 7

14 8 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

15 3 1 1 (z ) ( ) ( ) z (1 ) z : ( Bob Kim Brian 1 ) : : ( ) : (z ) ( ) z z 1. > > z : () : Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

16 : 1 68% 2 95% % Variance ( ( )). 1 2 Range (OK ( )). Minimum ( ). Maximum (). : ( ) : Kurtosis (). 0 Skewness (). 0 2 : DESCRIPTIVES (z ) (VARIABLES ) (VARIABLES ) (MISSING ) (SORT ) 10 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

17 4 () : : 5% 4 ( ) Huber M Andrews Hampel M Tukey 5 5 Lilliefors Kolmogoro-Smirno Shapiro-Wilk Leene : () () ( ) ( 15 ) : 1. > > ( ) Leene Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

18 : 5% 4 95% M : Huber M Andrews Hampel M Tukey : 5 5 : : 1 1 : : Lilliefors Kolmogoro-Smirno 3 50 Shapiro-Wilk 3 5,000 Leene : Leene Leene 4 ( ) 4 1 : 12 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

19 : : : 2 : 2 3 : 3 : : : () : EXAMINE EXAMINE (TOTAL ) (SCALE ) (VARIABLES ) (PERCENTILES ) 5 (PERCENTILES ) (PLOT ) (STATISTICS ) M (MESTIMATORS ) 4 13

20 14 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

21 ( ) ( 2 ) 1 ( ) ( ) 2 2 : ( 500 ) ( 2,500 ) : Pearson 2 2 Fisher Yates 2 Pearson r Spearman Cramér V Goodman Kruskal Somers d Kendall b Kendall c Cohen McNemar Cochran Mantel-Haenszel : (8 ) 1 2 : ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 (Cramer V ) : ( : 1=2 =3 = ) 1. > > Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

22 1 2 1 () (3 ) 2 : : () demo.sa ( Samples ) 1. ( ) [ ] [] [] : Pearson 2 2 Fisher Yates 2 ( ) Fisher 2 2 Yates 2 16 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

23 2 Pearson : Spearman ( ) Spearman () Pearson r : ( ) () Cramér V ( Goodman Kruskal ) : Phi and Cramer's V ( ()). 2 2 Cramer V 2 Lambda ( ). 1 0 : % : ( )Kendall bkendall c Somers d Gamma ( ) n Somers' d (Somers d) ( ) Somers d Kendall's tau-b (Kendall b). () Kendall's tau-c (Kendall c) : 5 17

24 : () () Kappa ( ()). Cohen ( ) : 2x2 1 McNemar: 2 2 McNemar-Bowker Cochran's and Mantel-Haenszel statistics (Cochran Mantel-Haenszel ). Cochran Mantel-Haenszel 1 () 2 2 Cochran Mantel-Haenszel 2 3 () : ( ) <NN 2 0 : () APA 0.05 : APA p (Bonferroni ): Bonferroni : (1 ) : 18 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

25 : 2 : Pearson 0 1 : ( - ) : (1.25 ) Round cell counts (). Truncate cell counts (). Round case weights ( ). Truncate case weights ( ). : ( ) 5 19

26 20 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

27 6 1 n : : N N : : () 1. > > n n Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

28 N N 1 First (). Geometric Mean (). n n Grouped Median ( ) Harmonic Mean (). Kurtosis (). 0 Last (). Maximum (). Mean (). () Median ( ) Minimum ( ). N. () : : 22 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

29 Range (OK ( )). Skewness (). 0 2 Standard Deiation (). 1 68% 2 95% % Standard Error of Kurtosis ( ). ( ) () Standard Error of Mean (). ( ) Standard Error of Skewness ( ). ( ) Sum (). () Variance ( ( ))

30 24 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

31 7 1 1 : 3 : N N 2 R R 2 : : ( ) Leene 1. > > R R 2 N Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

32 N 1 First (). Geometric Mean (). n n Grouped Median ( ) Harmonic Mean (). Kurtosis (). 0 Last (). Maximum (). Mean (). () Median ( ) Minimum ( ). N. () Percent of total N (). Percent of total sum ( ). Range (OK ( )). Skewness (). 0 2 Standard Deiation (). 1 68% 2 95% % IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

33 Standard Error of Kurtosis ( ). ( ) () Standard Error of Mean (). ( ) Standard Error of Skewness ( ). ( ) Sum (). () Variance ( ( )) : 2 ( ) : F R R2 7 27

34 28 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

35 8 OLAP OLAP (Online Analytical Processing) 1 1 : : OLAP : () : () OLAP 1. > > OLAP ( ) 1 ( ) ( ) <NN 2 Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

36 OLAP 1 1 First (). Geometric Mean (). n n Grouped Median ( ) Harmonic Mean (). Kurtosis (). 0 Last (). Maximum (). Mean (). () Median ( ) Minimum ( ). N. () Percent of N in ( ). 1 : 1 : 30 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

37 : Range (OK ( )). Skewness (). 0 2 Standard Deiation (). 1 68% 2 95% % Standard Error of Kurtosis ( ). ( ) () Standard Error of Mean (). ( ) Standard Error of Skewness ( ). ( ) Sum (). () Variance ( ( )). 1 2 OLAP OLAP : : 2 () 2 : 2 () 1 8 OLAP 31

38 OLAP n 32 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

39 9 t t 3 t t (2 t ): 2 1 Leene t 95% t ( t ): 1 2 t 95% 1 t : 1 t 95% T t 2 2 ( ) () : 2 2 t 1 : : : ( ) : Leene 2 t t : ( ) () 2 ( ) Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

40 : t t 2 t t 1. > > t t t 2 t 2 : 1 2 ( ) : () t : 95% 1 99 : 1 () : t : t t T t : 2 34 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

41 (75 75 ) : : : t ( ) t : 2 ( ) : t 1. > > t t : 95% 1 99 : 1 () : t : t T-TEST 1 t 1 t (PAIRS ) 1 T 1 t 9 t 35

42 : IQ % 1.3 : : 0 t ( ) 1 t : : 1 t 1. > > 1 t t : 95% 1 99 : 1 () : t : t t T-TEST 1 t 1 t (PAIRS ) T-TEST 1 t 1 t (PAIRS ) 36 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

43 9 t 37

44 38 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

45 10 () 2 t 2 : 3 : 95% Leene : Bonferroni Sidak Tukey HSD Hochberg GT2 Gabriel Dunnett Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch F (R-E-G-W F) Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch (R-E-G-W Q) Tamhane T2 Dunnett T3 Games-Howell Dunnett C Duncan Student-Newman-Keuls (S-N-K) Tukey b Waller-Duncan Scheffé : () : Leene 1. > > Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

46 ( ) : : t ( ) Tukey HSD Hochberg GT2 Gabriel Scheffé Tukey b S-N-K (Student-Newman-Keuls) Duncan R-E-G-W F (Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch F ) R-E-G-W Q (Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch ) Waller-Duncan Bonferroni Tukey HSD Sidak Gabriel Hochberg Dunnett Scheffé LSD ( ) LSD: t Bonferroni. t Sidak: t Sidak Bonferroni Scheffe. F R-E-G-W F: F Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch R-E-G-W Q: Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch S-N-K: 40 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

47 Tukey: Tukey b: Tukey HSD Student-Newman-Keuls Duncan: Student Newman Keuls Hochberg GT2: Tukey HSD Gabriel: Hochberg GT2 Gabriel Waller-Duncan: t Dunnett: t () < > Tamhane T2 Dunnett T3 Games-Howell Dunnett C Tamhane T2: t Dunnett T3: Games-Howell: Dunnett C: : ( ) : 1 : 95% : 95% 95% 10 41

48 : Leene Brown-Forsythe: Brown-Forsythe F Welch: Welch F : ( ) : : : ONEWAY 95% 95% (STATISTICS=EFFECTS ) Bonferroni Duncan Scheffé (RANGES ) (MATRIX ) 42 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

49 11 GLM 1 GLM () GLM 1 F () Cook WLS (WLS) : () : I II III IV III : : Bonferroni Sidak Scheffé Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch F Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch Student-Newman-Keuls Tukey HSD Tukey b Duncan Hochberg GT2 Gabriel Waller-Duncan t Dunnett ( ) Tamhane T2 Dunnett T3 Games-Howell Dunnett C : Leene : () GLM 1 : 8 Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

50 : GLM 1 1. > > WLS 0 GLM 1. 1 : : : 44 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

51 : III : : : 2 : 2 3 : 3 4 : 4 5 : 5 III I: I ( ) ( ) ( ) II: II ( ) III: () III 11 GLM 1 45

52 Yates 2 III I II IV: F F IV = III = II F IV F IV I II GLM 1 ( ) GLM 1 : LB =0 L B L L L F t Bonferroni Helmert () ( ) ( ) ( Helmert ) Helmert ( ) ( ) ( 3 ) 46 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

53 GLM () 1 1 ( ) 2 3 Adanced Statistics GLM GLM ( ) ( ) GLM : : : (LSD) Bonferroni Sidak : 2 2 t L 11 GLM 1 47

54 Leene : UNIANOVA (DESIGN ) () (TEST ) (CONTRAST ) (MISSING ) EPS (CRITERIA ) L M K (LMATRIX MMATRIX KMATRIX ) (CONTRAST ) (CONTRAST ) (POSTHOC ) (EMMEANS ) (SAVE ) (OUTFILE ) (OUTFILE ) (OUTFILE ) GLM : GLM GLM Adanced Statistics GLM GLM 48 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

55 Bonferroni Tukey HSD Bonferroni t Sidak t Bonferroni Tukey HSD Tukey HSD Bonferroni Bonferroni Hochberg GT2 Tukey HSD Tukey Gabriel Hochberg GT2 Gabriel Dunnett t 1 ( ) < > Ryan Einot Gabriel Welsch (R-E-G-W) 2 R-E-G-W F F R-E-G-W Q Duncan Student-Newman-Keuls ( ) Tamhane T2 (t ) Dunnett T3 ( ) Games-Howell ( ) Dunnett C () Duncan Student-Newman-Keuls (S-N-K) Tukey b Waller-Duncan t Bayesian Scheffé Scheffé (LSD) t : LSD Sidak Bonferroni Games-Howell Tamhane T2 T3 Dunnett C Dunnett T3 11 GLM 1 49

56 S-N-K Tukey b Duncan R-E-G-W F R-E-G-W Q Waller Tukey HSD Hochberg GT2 Gabriel Scheffé GLM : : : (LSD) Bonferroni Sidak : 2 2 t L Leene : UNIANOVA (DESIGN ) () (TEST ) (CONTRAST ) (MISSING ) EPS (CRITERIA ) L M K (LMATRIX MMATRIX KMATRIX ) (CONTRAST ) 50 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

57 (CONTRAST ) (POSTHOC ) (EMMEANS ) (SAVE ) (OUTFILE ) (OUTFILE ) (OUTFILE ) GLM IBM SPSS Statistics : : WLS : : Cook : Cook D : WLS : : WLS : Pearson 0 1 : : : IBM SPSS Statistics 11 GLM 1 51

58 t GLM : : : (LSD) Bonferroni Sidak : 2 2 t L Leene : UNIANOVA (DESIGN ) () (TEST ) (CONTRAST ) (MISSING ) EPS (CRITERIA ) L M K (LMATRIX MMATRIX KMATRIX ) 52 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

59 (CONTRAST ) (CONTRAST ) (POSTHOC ) (EMMEANS ) (SAVE ) (OUTFILE ) (OUTFILE ) (OUTFILE ) 11 GLM 1 53

60 54 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

61 Pearson Spearman Kendall b () Pearson 2 Pearson : NBA Pearson (0.581) 0.01 ( 0.401) 0.05 : : : Pearson Spearman Kendall b 2 : Pearson Spearman Kendall b : Pearson 2 2 > > : Pearson Kendall b Spearman -1 ( ) +1 ( ) 0 : : 5% 1 1 % 2 2 : Pearson Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

62 : : Pearson 2 N 1 : : : 1 CORRELATIONS NONPAR CORR Pearson (MATRIX ) 2 (VARIABLES WITH ) 56 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

63 : : : 0 : : 2 1. > > : : 5% 1 1% 2 0 : 0 : : : : 0 Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

64 0 PARTIAL CORR 0 (MATRIX ) 2 (VARIABLES WITH ) ( VARIABLES ) (VARIABLES ) (FORMAT ) (STATISTICS ) 58 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

65 14 () : MPG ( 1 ) : () ChebycheMinkowski Lance Williams Pearson 2 Russel Rao Jaccard Dice Rogers Tanimoto Sokal Sneath 1 Sokal Sneath 2 Sokal Sneath 3 Kulczynski 1 Kulczynski 2 Sokal Sneath 4 Hamann Anderberg D Yule Y Yule QSokal Sneath > > (2 ) 1 : ChebycheMinkowski : : Lance Williams ( 2 ) 2 z Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

66 0 1 ( 2 ) 1 : Pearson 2 : Russell RaoJaccard Dice Rogers Tanimoto Sokal Sneath 1 Sokal Sneath 2 Sokal Sneath 3 Kulczynski 1 Kulczynski 2 Sokal Sneath 4 Hamann Anderberg D Yule Y Yule QSokal Sneath 5 4 ( 2 ) 2 z PROXIMITIES PROXIMITIES Minkowski 60 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

67 15 1 ( ) : : 1 1 () () ( ) : 1000 Statistics Base > > ?: : ( ): Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

68 (): () () (IBM SPSS Statistics Serer ): IBM SPSS Statistics Serer 64 : : ( ) (00:00:00) : 5 10 : ( 3) : : (p 0.1 ) 1 62 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

69 : : () : : (AICC) F R2 (ASE) ( (ASE)) 30% F F P p 0.05 P p 0.10 : : 3 : (AICC) R2 (ASE) ( (ASE)) 30% : 15 63

70 : : : : : PredictedValue :.zip : : 100 R 2 64 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

71 (ADP) ADP () : ( ) : ( ) 5 10 ( 3) (p 0.05 ) / / 1 ADP : 15 65

72 : P-P : - S ID ( ) Cook Cook Cook : : (p ) p : : 10 : 1.00 () ( ) 1 : 66 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

73 : ( ) (p ) p : T () : 10 : 1.00 : : 10 :

74 ( 1 ) 68 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

75 16 1 () : 1 : : : R R 2 R 2 R 2 95% Durbin-Watson (Mahalanobis Cook) DfBeta DfFit : : 2 ( ) : 1. > > WLS WLS. 0 Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

76 Enter (Regression) ( ()). 1 1 Stepwise (). F F Remoe ( ). 1 1 Backward Elimination ( ). Forward Selection ( ). 1 1 ( ) IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

77 : 2 : (DEPENDNT) ( (*ZPRED) (*ZRESID) (*DRESID) (*ADJPRED) (*SRESID) (*SDRESID)) : 2 : (*ZPRED *ZRESID) : 1 : : 0 1 : : : Mahalanobis: 1 Cook: Cook D : 1 0 ( ) (N-1)/N : Mean (). (2 ) : 1 (2 ) :

78 : : Pearson 0 1 : : : : (DfBeta) (DfFit) DfBeta DfFit DfBeta. () Standardized DfBeta ( DfBeta). 2/(N ) (N ) () DfFit. Standardized DfFit ( DfFit). p/n 2 p N : 1 : XML ( ) XML (PMML) : B B B t t : R R 2 R 2 72 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

79 R2 : R 2 R 2 : Partial Correlation ( ). 2 2 Part Correlation ( ( )). R2 : () 1 (VIF) : Durbin-Watson ( n ) : F F Use Probability of F (F ). F Use F Value (F ). F : R 2 : : : N : 16 73

80 REGRESSION (MATRIX ) (CRITERIA ) (METHOD DEPENDENT ) (DESCRIPTIVES STATISTICS ) 74 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

81 17 McCullagh ( ) PLUM () () cm 140 cm 10 cm 210 cm 200 cm : : Pearson Pearson 2 2 Cox Snell R 2 Negalkerke R 2 McFadden R 2 : : 1 : 1. > > OK Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

82 : : 0 2 : : 0 : 0 : : 5 : f(x)=log(x/(1 x) ) : f(x)=log( log(1 x)) : f(x)= log( log(x)) : f(x)=φ 1 (x) (): f(x)=tan(π(x 0.5)) : : : Pearson 2 2 : Cox Snell R 2 Nagelkerke R 2 McFadden R 2 : : : 76 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

83 : Pearson ( ) : : / / : / / / : : / : : : 2 : 2 3 : 3 4 : 4 5 :

84 / : : : 2 : 2 3 : 3 4 : 4 5 : 5 PLUM PLUM 78 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

85 18 11 : E E 2 3 : : R R 2 R 2 : 2 3 S : ( ) ( ) : ( ) 1. > > ( ) 4. 1 : : : Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

86 1 : Y=b0+(b1*t) : Y = b0 + (b1 * ln(t)) : Y=b0+(b1/t) 2 : Y = b0 + (b1 * t) + (b2 * t**2) 2 3 : Y = b0 + (b1 * t) + (b2 * t**2) + (b3 * t**3) : Y = b0 * (t**b1) ln(y) = ln(b0) + (b1 * ln(t)) : Y = b0 * (b1**t) ln(y) = ln(b0) + (ln(b1) * t) S : Y = e**(b0 + (b1/t)) ln(y) = b0 + (b1/t) : Y=1/(1/u + (b0 * (b1**t))) ln(1/y-1/u) = ln (b0) + (ln(b1) * t) u : Y = e**(b0 + (b1 * t)) ln(y) = b0 + (b1 * t) : Y = b0 * (e**(b1 * t)) ln(y) = ln(b0) + (b1 * t) : ( ) ( ) : : : ( ) 80 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

87 19 (PLS (projection to latent structure) ) PLS (OLS) PLS PLS : ( ) (VIP) ( ) : (VIP) 3 : () ( ) : one-of-c c c (1,0,...,0) (0,1,0,...,0) (0,0,...,0,1) : 0.5 : : > > Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

88 ( ) ID 2 Python IBM SPSS Statistics - Essentials for Python IBM SPSS Statistics NumPy SciPy Python : (IBM SPSS Statistics Serer ) NumPy SciPy Windows Mac Windows Mac IBM SPSS Statistics Python 2.7 NumPy SciPy Python Python 2.7 NumPy SciPy NumPy SciPy NumPy SciPy Python 2.7 Python Python (> ) Linux NumPy SciPy NumPy SciPy IBM SPSS Statistics Python 2.7 IBM SPSS Statistics Python NumPy SciPy IBM SPSS Statistics Python 2.7 Python Python (> ) Windows Unix NumPy SciPy IBM SPSS Statistics Python 2.7 Python Python 2.7 NumPy SciPy NumPy SciPy Python NumPy SciPy Python 2.7 Python IBM SPSS Statistics Administration Console 82 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

89 : : : : : 2 : 2 3 : 3 4 : 4 5 : 5 : : : (VIP) VIP 19 83

90 84 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

91 20 2 ( ) ( ) k : Nominal ( ). ( ) Ordinal ( ). ( ) Scale ( ). ( ) 1. () n/a 85

92 : one-of-c c c (1,0,...,0) (0,1,0,...,0) (0,0,...,0,1) one-of-c (88 ) : (88 ) : : Mersenne Twister (88 ) > > ( ): ( ) k : [2*(x min)/(max min)] ( ): ( ) k 86 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

93 ( ): 1 ( ) : : (k): k ( ) k V : : x y 2 : 2 Manhattan

94 : : ( ) : : 92 : : : 0 : V 88 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

95 2 2 3 : 1 V ( ) : 1 V () Mersenne Twister : Mersenne Twister : : : n n /: () : : : k

96 XML : k : ( ) k k : ( ) ( 4 ) : () / k 90 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

97 : Ctrl (k) ( ) / // 1. > > > 4. x y z 20 91

98 X 1.0 k : 2 () k k k i i i i i k ( ) y x y ( ) x (x ) 92 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

99 k y ( ) x (k) k k (92 ) k k ( ) : (100% ) 20 93

100 94 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

101 21 1 () : 3 : a b c d D=a*climate +b*urban +c*population +d*gross domestic product per capita 2 D 4 : : 1 : Box M : Wilks 2 : Fisher Wilks : : ( ) ( ) ( IQ IQ ) 1. > > Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

102 3. () 4. : : 5. : : : : ( ) 1 Box M Means ( ( )). Uniariate ANOVAs (1 ()). Box M : p : Fisher Fisher's (Fisher ). Fisher () Unstandardized ( ()). : : : 96 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

103 : : 1 : : Wilks Mahalanobis F Rao V Rao V V Wilks : 1 Wilks Wilks : Mahalanobis : 1 F : F Rao V: Lawley-Hotelling Rao V F F F : F F : F : Mahalanobis F F : : : : 50% 25% 2 25%

104 : Leae-one-out : : Leae-one-out : U : : : : () 2 : : 2 1 : 2 1 : 1 : () ( 1 ) ( 1 ) XML DISCRIMINANT (1 ) (ANALYSIS ) (PRIORS ) (ROTATE ) (FUNCTIONS ) ( ) (SELECT ) (MATRIX ) 98 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

105 (MATRIX ) 21 99

106 100 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

107 22 () ( ) : : : : ( ) Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Bartlett : : 2 3 : () Pearson : 2 () ( ) 1. > > Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

108 1. 2. : 1 : KMO Bartlett KMO Bartlett : Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Bartlett ( ) : ( ) : : Principal Components Analysis ( ()). 1 Unweighted Least-Squares Method ( 2 ()). 1 ( ) Generalized Least-Squares Method ( 2 ()). 1 Maximum-Likelihood Method ( ()). 1 Principal Axis Factoring ( ()). 2 Alpha ( ()). 102 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

109 Image Factoring ( ()). Guttman ( ) : : : : : Unrotated Factor Solution ( ()). ( ) : () : : Varimax Method ( ()). 1 : ( ) 1 0( ) Quartimax Method ( ()). 1 Equamax Method ( ()). 1 Promax Rotation ( ()). 1 : 2 3 Rotated Solution ( ()). Factor Loading Plot ()

110 : : 1 : Bartlett Anderson-Rubin Regression Method ( ()) Bartlett : 1 0 Anderson-Rubin Method (Anderson-Rubin ()). 1 Bartlett 0 1 : : : FACTOR 104 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

111 23 TwoStep TwoStep : TwoStep XML TwoStep : ( ) ()2 : IBM SPSS Statistics IBM SPSS Statistics Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

112 106 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

113 24 TwoStep TwoStep () : : : (CF) TwoStep : : 2 : : 2 : : : : 108 TwoStep : (BIC) (AIC) TwoStep : : Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

114 : ( ) TwoStep 1. > > TwoStep XML TwoStep : (CF) CF CF CF CF CF CF CF 1 ID : (MB) IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

115 : CF : (CF) : CF CF (): 1 : 1 CF : (b d+1 1)/(b 1) CF b d CF 16 : CF XML XML TwoStep CF CF : 1 TwoStep TwoStep : : : : 24 TwoStep 109

116 : : ID tsc_n n XML : XML CF 2 : XML (PMML) CF : () 2 1 ( ) 2 2 ( ) / IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

117 ( ) () () Kaufman Rousseeuw (1990) Kaufman Rousseeuw (B A) / max(a,b) A B : (TwoStep ) : : : : ( ) ( ) : ( ) (55 $100,000 ) : : 24 TwoStep 111

118 / : 4.32 () : : : : : : : : // () 112 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

119 : / : / : () () Ctrl Shift : 5 () 24 TwoStep 113

120 4 4 () : : ( ) : 114 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

121 : : : Ctrl 2. > OK 24 TwoStep 115

122 116 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

123 25 ( ) ( ) 1 :? ( ) ( ) : () : : 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) : : ( ) 1. > > : Ward 117

124 : : Pearson Chebyche Minkowski : : 4 Anderberg D Dice Hamann Jaccard Kulczynski 1 Kulczynski 2 Lance-Williams Ochiai Rogers-Tanimoto Russel-Rao Sokal-Sneath 1 Sokal-Sneath 2 Sokal-Sneath 3 Sokal-Sneath 4 Sokal-Sneath 5 Yule Y Yule Q : (2 ) z : 0 1 : ( ) : : 1 : : : CLUSTER CLUSTER IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

125 ()

126 120 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

127 26 F ( ) : ( ) k ( ) : : : : 2 : : () ( ) 1. Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

128 > > ( 2 ) : Quick Cluster 1 : % : : IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

129 : : : 1 ANOVA table ( (/ )). 1 F F 1 : : : : QUICK CLUSTER QUICK CLUSTER k

130 124 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

131 ?: : Kolmogoro-Smirno : : 1 > > : 1 : Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

132 : 1 : ( ) Kolmogoro-Smirno : 2 (2 ): 2 ( 2 ) ( 2 ): (Kolmogoro-Smirno ): Kolmogoro-Smirno (Wilcoxon ): Wilcoxon 1 (): : 2 ( 2 ) : (p) : 2 Clopper-Pearson (): 2 Jeffreys: Jeffreys p : p 126 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

133 :( ( )) :( ( )) 2 : : : /6 1/3 2 1/2 3 Kolmogoro-Smirno : : : : : : ( 2 ) :

134 : : () (%): : : NPTESTS ?: : 2 Mann-Whitney U k Kruskal-Wallis 128 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

135 : : > > : 1 : : 1 : : 2 Mann-Whitney U k Kruskal-Wallis : :

136 Mann-Whitney U(2) Kolmogoro-Smirno (2 ) 2 2 (2 Wald-Wolfowitz) 2 Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA (k ) Mann-Whitney U k (k Jonckheere-Terpstra) k Kruskal-Wallis k k Jonckheere-Terpstra k : Moses (2 ) 2 2 : (k ) ( ) k : Hodges-Lehman (2 )2 2 : () (%): IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

137 : : NPTESTS : 2?: : 2 McNemar 3 Cochran Q 2 Wilcoxon 3 Friedman : 3 2 Friedman McNemar > >

138 : 2 : : 2 : 2 McNemar 3 Cochran Q 2 Wilcoxon 3 Friedman : 2 : McNemar (2 ) 2 ( 2 ) McNemar : Cochran Q(k) k ( 2 ) k 133 Cochran Q: : (2 ) 2 McNemar IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

139 : : 2 3 : Kendall (k ) ( ) 1 k : Friedman (k k k McNemar : : McNemar ( 2 ) : 2 Cochran Q: : Cochran Q ( 2 ) : 2 : ()

140 (%): : : NPTESTS ( ) / IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

141 p () Wilcoxon

142 Wilcoxon Kolmogoro-Smirno Kolmogoro-Smirno McNemar McNemar 2 2 Wilcoxon Wilcoxon 136 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

143 Cochran Q Cochran Q Friedman Friedman Kendall Kendall Mann-Whitney Mann-Whitney Kolmogoro-Smirno Kolmogoro-Smirno

144 Wald-Wolfowitz Wald-Wolfowitz Kruskal-Wallis Kruskal-Wallis Jonckheere-Terpstra Jonckheere-Terpstra Moses Moses ID k 138 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

145 k ( ) 1 NPTESTS : 2 2 : 2 2 : Kolmogoro-Smirno : ( ) 2 : 1 2 Mann-Whitney U 2 Kolmogoro-Smirno Moses Wald-Wolfowitz 2 : 2Wilcoxon McNemar : 1 2 Kruskal-Wallis Jonckheere-Terpstra

146 : 2Friedman Kendall W Cochran Q : 2 5% 30% 10% 20% 15% 15% : : ( ) : % 2 1. > > > : : /16 4/16 5/16 4/ IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

147 2 : : 4 : : : : NPAR TESTS ( 2 ) (CHISQUARE ) 1 (EXPECTED ) : ( ) 2 3/4 (0.0027) 1/2 : 4 2 : 2 2 true false : 2 1. > > >

148 : : 4 : : : : NPAR TESTS (2 ) 3 (BINOMIAL ) (BINOMIAL ) (EXPECTED ) 2 : : 4 : : 1. > > > IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

149 : 2 1 : : 4 : : : : NPAR TESTS () (RUNS ) 1 (RUNS ) 1 Kolmogoro-Smirno 1 Kolmogoro-Smirno 1 () Kolmogoro-Smirno Z ( ) : 1 Kolmogoro-Smirno : 4 1 Kolmogoro-Smirno : ( ) : Kolmogoro-Smirno K-S Lilliefors ( ) 1 Kolmogoro-Smirno

150 > > > 1 K-S Kolmogoro-Smirno : : 4 : : : : NPAR TESTS (1 Kolmogoro-Smirno ) (K-S ) : Mann-Whitney U : 4 : Mann-Whitney U Moses Kolmogoro-Smirno Z Wald-Wolfowitz 2 : : Mann-Whitney U > > > IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

151 : 2 () 4 Mann-Whitney U 2 2 Wilcoxon Kruskal-Wallis Mann-Whitney Mann-Whitney U 2 Wilcoxon W W 2 : Kolmogoro-Smirno Z Wald-Wolfowitz Kolmogoro-Smirno 2 Wald-Wolfowitz 2 2 Moses 2 : 1 1 5% : : 4 : : : :

152 NPAR TESTS (2 ) Moses (MOSES ) : Wilcoxon : 4 : Wilcoxon McNemar (Windows ) 2 : : > > > Wilcoxon 2 2 Wilcoxon Wilcoxon 2 McNemar 1 2 McNemar () () McNemar 2 ( 2 ) 146 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

153 2 : : 4 : : : : NPAR TESTS (2 ) 1 : Kruskal-Wallis 3 : 4 : Kruskal-Wallis H : : Kruskal-Wallis H 1. > > > K Kruskal-Wallis H Jonckheere-Terpstra

154 Mann-Whitney U Kruskal-Wallis H () Kruskal-Wallis H k k ( ) Jonckheere-Terpstra k k Jonckheere-Terpstra Exact Tests Jonckheere-Terpstra : : 4 : : : : NPAR TESTS (K ) (MEDIAN ) : 10 4 Friedman 4 : 4 : Friedman Kendall W Cochran Q : 148 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

155 : 1. > > > K Friedman 1 1 Friedman k k 1 k Kendall W Friedman Kendall W Kendall W 0 ( ) 1( ) Cochran Q Friedman 2 McNemar k Cochran Q 2 : 4 : NPAR TESTS (K ) Command Syntax Reference

156 150 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

157 : US ( : US ) united =2 = 3 = 4 =US 5 = Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

158 ($) casenum sysmis jdate date time length width > > () 2 : 2 : : 152 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

159 : 2 ( 2 ) 1 3 ( ) : : : : 1. > > ( ) : ( )

160 1 2 1 : : : : 1. > > ( ) : 2 () : ( ) 2 : 2 : : 154 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

161 2 2 1 : 2 2 MULT RESPONSE 5 (BY ) (FORMAT )

162 156 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

163 29 : : : : () ( ) () : : : : ( ) : : : 1. > > :... Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

164 / : Enter : : ( ) / 2 : : 158 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

165 : : ( ) : 1 : : : ( ) ( ) : : : : () () : : DATE PAGE DATE PAGE :

166 : ( ) : : : : : : 1. > > : IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

167 : : : : 1 2: 2 1 /2 : 2 1 /2 %: : : : : : : : ( ) : : : : REPORT

168 () n REPORT 162 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

169 30 : : : Hotelling T 2 Tukey : (Cronbach): : 2 Guttman: Guttman : : : 2 : 2 : ( ) 1. > > Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

170 : 2 Kuder-Richardson 20 (KR20) : Guttman Spearman-Brown ( ) 2 Guttman : 1 6 : : : : : Cronbach : Means ( ( )). : : : : : F : Friedman 2 : Friedman 2 Kendall 2 F Cochran 2 : Cochran Q 2 Q F Hotelling T2: Tukey : : 164 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

171 : : : 95% : 0 RELIABILITY

172 166 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

173 31 ( 2 3 ) ( ) :? 2 : : S- (Young) (Kruskal) RSQ RSQ (RMDS ) (INDSCAL) : : RSQ : (2 3 ) : 2 ( ) ( ) : ( ) : k-means 1. > > Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

174 : ( ) : 1 1 : ChebycheMinkowski : : Lance-Williams : : ( ) (2 ) : ( ) : 168 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

175 : ( ) : (INDSCAL ) : S S n : ALSCAL ASCAL AINDS GEMSCAL 3 ()

176 170 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

177 32 2 : 5 : (COD) (PRD) (AAD) : ( ) : 1. > > : : : : : ( ) : ( ) AAD: Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

178 COD: PRD: ( ) COV: COV: : 1 : : : : 2 : : ( ) ( ) 172 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

179 33 ROC 2 1 : ROC : ROC ROC : ROC : ROC 2 ROC : () : ROC 1. > ROC ROC ROC : : : % 99.9% : 173

180 174 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

181 34 IBM SPSS Statistics () IBM SPSS Statistics () 2 IBM SPSS Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

182 1. > SPSS 3. IBM SPSS Statistics IBM SPSS Modeler PMML XML > IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

183 5. 1. >

184 2 1 ( ) 1 1. > > PMML IBM SPSS 178 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

185 SPSS : IBM SPSS IBM SPSS IBM SPSS Statistics IBM SPSS Modeler PMML XML IBM SPSS Statistics PMML 2 Cox (C5) 2 () : () PMML :

186 3 (profit) (reenue) (expenses) reenue = price*olume expenses = fixed + olume*(unit_cost_materials + unit_cost_labor) profit = reenue - expenses : ( ) (.) : : 180 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

187 : : () () ( ) 2 : : :

188 : () 2. ( ) 184 : : : 1 : PMML 2 - : thresh prob 2 - : thresh prob 182 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

189 : 1 $10 $15 40% $15 $20 60% $10 $15 $20 $25 $10 $15 $13 $16 Weibull: c 2 2 ( ) : : : : ( )

190 3. () : ( ) : Anderson-Darling Kolmogoro-Smirnoff (Anderson-Darling A Kolmogoro-Smirnoff K ) 2 p : 2 2 () : () : () : 184 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

191 : : : : 0 : : : : : :

192 : : : 10,000, : : 95% 5% : : N N ( ): Anderson-Darling Kolmogoro-Smirnoff Anderson-Darling : : : 186 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

193 (PDF): ( ) PMML 2 (CDF): : PDF CDF 5 95 ( ) ( ): : : % 55 5% : : ( ) PDF CDF : ( ) : PMML

194 : ( 1 ) : : : 2 2 : 2 2 : 1 : : 4 ( ) 4 4 (99 ) : 5 95 ( ) PMML : 188 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

195 : : 1 : ( ) :.splan : SPSS Statistics Excel ( ) ( )

196 ( ) ( ) 184 () ( ) : 181 () 190 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

197 1. 2. () 181 : : : ( ) : : : : : 1 : : 4 : : :

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199 : : ( ) : - : ( ) : : % 55 5% : (Label reference lines):

200 194 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

201 IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM ( ) IBM IBM IBM Web Web Web IBM Web IBM (i) ( ) (ii) IBM Software Group ATTN: Licensing 200 W. Madison St. Chicago, IL; U.S.A. 195

202 IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM ( ) ( ). IBM Corp. Copyright IBM Corp. _ _. All rights resered. IBM IBM ibm.com International Business Machines Corporation IBM IBM Adobe Adobe PostScript PostScript Adobe Systems Incorporated 196 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

203 Intel Intel Intel Inside Intel Inside Centrino Intel Centrino Celeron Xeon Intel SpeedStep Itanium Pentium Intel Corporation Linux Linus Toralds Microsoft Windows Windows NT Windows Microsoft Corporation UNIX The Open Group Jaa Jaa Oracle 197

204 198 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

205 ,,,, , GLM 1 47, 50, t , , 102 () GLM , Fisher 16 Pearson 16 Yates , () , TwoStep 108 (PRD) GLM GLM 1 47, 50, OLAP z 9 199

206 GLM 1 47, 50, 52 TwoStep Helmert GLM (ICC) , 97 GLM , , TwoStep OLAP OLAP 30 OLAP 31 25, () OLAP T t t Kolmogoro-Smirno t ROC , GLM 1 47, 50, OLAP IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

207 , 77, 78 45, 77, OLAP OLAP OLAP GLM OLAP 30 TwoStep GLM 51 25, GLM 1 47, 50, 52 GLM , , , () what-if , t t , TwoStep t

208 () t 34 1 t 36 GLM 46, 47, 50, 52 ROC , , Hotelling T2 164 Kuder-Richardson Tukey (K) GLM 1 47, 50, 52 GLM 1 47, 50, t ROC 173 GLM () 70, , R OLAP OLAP , , Cochran Q 133 McNemar 133 T , GLM 46 b 16 c GLM IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

209 () 167 R GLM OLAP R OLAP (COD) TwoStep GLM GLM 1 47, 50, T TwoStep Kolmogoro-Smirno GLM 1 47, 50, OLAP ,

210 () 122 GLM , Mahalanobis 97 Rao V 97 Wilks TwoStep GLM GLM GLM 47, 50, 51, 52 ROC () GLM 1 47, 50, 52 OLAP 30 OLAP GLM () OLAP GLM ROC , OLAP OLAP 30 (AAD) , IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

211 59 45 GLM 44 GLM 1 47, 50, GLM 46 OLAP OLAP (COV) () TwoStep , , OLAP OLAP

212 Kolmogoro-Smirno T , Kolmogoro-Smirno t t IBM SPSS Statistics Base % 12 A Anderson-Rubin 104 Andrews 12 B Bartlett 104 Bartlett 102 Bonferroni 40 GLM 48 Box M 96 Brown-Forsythe 41 C Chebyche 59 Clopper-Pearson Cochran 16 Cochran Q 149 Cochran Q 132, 133 Cohen 16 Cook 71 GLM 51 Cox Snell R2 76 Cramér V 16 Cronbach 163, 164 D d 16 Descripties 10 DfBeta 71 DfFit(F) 71 Duncan 40 GLM 48 Dunnett C(U) 40 GLM 48 Dunnett t 40 GLM 48 Dunnett T3(3) 40 GLM 48 Durbin-Watson 72 F F 63 Fisher LSD GLM 48 Fisher 16 Friedman G Gabriel 40 GLM 48 Games Howell 40 GLM 48 GLM GLM 1 43, 48, 50, 52 47, 50, 52 47, 50, 52

213 GLM 1 () 47, 50, , 50, 52 Goodman Kruskal 16 Goodman Kruskal 16 Goodman Kruskal 16 Guttman 163, 164 H Hampel M 12 Helmert GLM 46 Hochberg GT2(H) 40 GLM 48 Hodge-Lehman 132 Hotelling T2 163, 164 Huber M 12 I ICC 164 J Jeffreys K k 93 k 93 Kendall W(K) 149 Kendall (W) 132 Kendall b Kendall c 16 Kendall c () 16 Kolmogoro-Smirno 1 126, 127 Kolmogoro-Smirno Z(K) 1 Kolmogoro-Smirno KR Kruskal 16 Kruskal-Wallis H(K) Kuder-Richardson 20 (KR20) 164 L Lance Williams Leene GLM 1 47, 50, 52 Lilliefors 12 M M 12 Mahalanobis Manhattan 87 Mann-Whitney U(M) Mantel-Haenszel 16 McFadden R2 76 McNemar , Minkowski 59 Moses N Nagelkerke R2 76 Newman-Keuls GLM 48 O OLAP P Pearson Pearson 76 Pearson PLUM 75 R R R2 72 R2 64 r R Rao V 97 ROC Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch F 40 GLM 48 Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch 40 GLM 48 R-E-G-W F(R) 40 GLM 48 R-E-G-W Q(Q)

214 R-E-G-W Q(Q) () GLM 48 S S 80 Scheffé 40 GLM 48 Shapiro-Wilk 12 Sidak t 40 GLM 48 Somers d 16 Spearman Spearman-Brown 164 Student-Newman-Keuls 40 GLM 48 S- 167 T t t 34 t 33 1 t 35 GLM 1 47, 50, 52 Tamhane T2(M) 40 GLM 48 Tukey b 40 GLM 48 Tukey HSD 40 GLM 48 Tukey (K) 163, 164 Tukey 12 TwoStep V V 16 W Wald-Wolfowitz (W) Waller-Duncan t 40 GLM 48 Welch 41 what-if 184 Wilcoxon Wilks 97 Y Yates 16 Z z IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22

215

216 Printed in Japan

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